scholarly journals Comparison between Mother, ActiGraph wGT3X-BT, and a hand tally for measuring steps at various walking speeds under controlled conditions

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Riel ◽  
Camilla Rams Rathleff ◽  
Pernille Møller Kalstrup ◽  
Niels Kragh Madsen ◽  
Elena Selmar Pedersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Identical Number ◽  
All Speeds ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Healthy Participants

IntroductionWalking is endorsed as health enhancing and is the most common type of physical activity among older adults. Accelerometers are superior to self-reports when measuring steps, however, if they are to be used by clinicians the validity is of great importance. The aim of this study was to investigate the criterion validity of Mother and ActiGraph wGT3X-BT in measuring steps by comparing the devices to a hand tally under controlled conditions in healthy participants.MethodsThirty healthy participants were fitted with a belt containing the sensor of Mother (Motion Cookie) and ActiGraph. Participants walked on a treadmill for two minutes at each of the following speeds; 3.2, 4.8, and 6.4 km/h. The treadmill walking was video recorded and actual steps were subsequently determined by using a hand tally. Wilcoxon’s signed ranks test was used to determine whether Mother and ActiGraph measured an identical number of steps compared to the hand tally. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the relationship and Root Mean Square error was calculated to investigate the average error between the devices and the hand tally. Percent differences (PD) were calculated for between-instrument agreement (Mother vs. the hand tally and ActiGraph vs. the hand tally) and PDs below 3% were interpreted as acceptable and clinically irrelevant.ResultsMother and ActiGraph under-counted steps significantly compared to the hand tally at all walking speeds (p < 0.001). Mother had a median of total differences of 9.5 steps (IQR = 10) and ActiGraph 59 steps (IQR = 77). Mother had smaller PDs at all speeds especially at 3.2 km/h (2.5% compared to 26.7%). Mother showed excellent ICC values ≥0.88 (0.51–0.96) at all speeds whilst ActiGraph had poor and fair to good ICC values ranging from 0.03 (−0.09–0.21) at a speed of 3.2 km/h to 0.64 (0.16–0.84) at a speed of 6.4 km/h.ConclusionMother provides valid measures of steps at walking speeds of 3.2, 4.8, and 6.4 km/h with clinically irrelevant deviations compared to a hand tally while ActiGraph only provides valid measurements at 6.4 km/h based on the 3% criterion. These results have significant potential for valid objective measurements of low walking speeds. However, further research should investigate the validity of Mother in patients at even slower walking speeds and in free-living conditions.

Accuracy of the Fitbit Zip for Measuring Steps for Adolescents With Visual Impairments

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin A. Haegele ◽  
Ali S. Brian ◽  
Donna Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Lead Investigator ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
Mobility Device ◽  
Study Participants

Our purpose in this study was to document the criterion validity of the Fitbit Zip for measuring steps taken by youth with visual impairments (VI). A secondary purpose was to determine whether walking pace, mounting position, or relative position to the user’s mobility device impacted the criterion validity of the device. Fourteen adolescent-aged individuals (Mage = 15.4; 13 male and 1 female) with VI participated in this study. Participants wore four Fitbit Zips at different mounting positions and completed two, 2-min walking trials while the lead investigator hand tallied steps. Measurement validity was analyzed using absolute percent error (APE), intraclass correlation coefficients estimated level of conformity, and paired samples t tests and Cohen’s d effect sizes assessed APE relative to mounting positions. Results supported the use of the Fitbit Zip during regular-paced walking; however, caution must be used during activities exceeding regular walking speeds, as devices consistently underestimated steps.

scholarly journals Effect of Toe Exercises and Toe-grip Strength on the Treatment of Primary Metatarsalgia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Amaha ◽  
Tatsuya Arimoto ◽  
Nobuto Kitamura
Keyword(s):  
Disease Duration ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Aofas Score ◽  
Strength Measurement ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Vas Scores ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The relationship of metatarsalgia and toe function is poorly understood. We investigated the efficacy of toe exercises for the treatment of metatarsalgia. Methods Forty-one (56 feet) metatarsalgia patients (age mean ± SD: 63.4 ± 10.6) underwent toe strength measurement. We recorded pre- and post-treatment visual analogue scale (VAS), The American Orthopaedics Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, marble pickup, and single-leg standing time (SLST) and compared in two subgroups to evaluate impact of disease duration on treatment outcome. Results Post treatment, toe plantarflexion strength improved (all p < 0.01); VAS scores decreased (p < 0.01); and AOFAS scores, marble pickup, and SLST improved (all p < 0.01). Patients symptomatic for > 1 year had significantly lower changes in VAS scores (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed patients with longer disease duration and larger body mass index had significantly lower improvement in VAS scores (p = 0.029 and p = 0.036, respectively). Device consistency assessed by Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) was excellent (0.89–0.97). Conclusion Toe function and metatarsalgia is improved by toe exercises, suggesting that they are closely related.

Test–retest reliability of the OptoGait system for the analysis of spatiotemporal running gait parameters and lower body stiffness in healthy adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Jaén-Carrillo ◽  
Felipe García-Pinillos ◽  
Antonio Cartón-Llorente ◽  
Alejandro Jesús Almenar-Arasanz ◽  
José Antonio Bustillo-Pelayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Spatiotemporal Parameters ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
The Relationship

Despite the widespread use of the OptoGait photoelectric cell system for the analysis of running spatiotemporal parameters, its reliability has not been proved. Consequently, this study intends to determine the test–retest reliability of the system when applied to treadmill running spatiotemporal parameters and lower body stiffness at a constant velocity. Amateur endurance runners (n = 31; age: 34.42 ± 9.26 years; height: 171.54 ± 9.15 cm; body mass: 66.63 ± 11.3 kg) voluntarily consented to participate in this study. Data for each participant were recorded twice per session across two testing sessions. The intra-session and inter-session reliabilities of spatiotemporal parameters and lower body stiffness were determined through test–retest analysis. Although mean comparisons revealed significant differences between measurements in spatiotemporal running gait characteristics and lower body stiffness for intra-session (p < 0.05 in all parameters), the effect size was always small (<0.4). Moreover, the relationship between measurements was very large for spatiotemporal parameters and lower body stiffness (r > 0.7). The intraclass correlation coefficients revealed an almost perfect correlation between measurements (intraclass correlation coefficients >0.81), except Kleg with substantial reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.788). The inter-session reliability revealed some significant differences in contact time (p = 0.009) and Kleg (p = 0.013), although Cohen’s d indicated small effect size (<0.31). The relationship between sessions was very large for spatiotemporal parameters and lower body stiffness (r > 0.8), and the intraclass correlation coefficients revealed an almost perfect inter-session association (intraclass correlation coefficients >0.881). The results found here show that the OptoGait system can be used confidently for running spatiotemporal parameters analysis and lower body stiffness at a constant velocity for healthy adults.

Concurrent Validity of the Garmin Vivofit®4 to Accurately Record Step Count in Older Adults in Challenging Environments

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jacinta I. Foster ◽  
Katrina L. Williams ◽  
Barbra H.B. Timmer ◽  
Sandra G. Brauer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Outdoor Walking ◽  
Walking Speeds

There is little evidence of the concurrent validity of commercially available wrist-worn long battery life activity monitors to measure steps in older adults at slow speeds and with real-world challenges. Forty adults aged over 60 years performed a treadmill protocol at four speeds, a 50-m indoor circuit, and a 200-m outdoor circuit with environmental challenges while wearing a Garmin Vivofit®4, the activPAL3™, and a chest-worn camera angled at the feet. The Garmin Vivofit®4 showed high intraclass correlation coefficients2,1 (.98–.99) and low absolute percentage error rates (<2%) at the fastest treadmill speeds and the outdoor circuit. Step counts were underestimated at the slowest treadmill speed and the indoor circuit. The Garmin Vivofit®4 is accurate for older adults at higher walking speeds and during outdoor walking. However, it underestimates steps at slow speeds and when walking indoors with postural transitions.

scholarly journals Photographic assessment of cephalometric measurements

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 1049-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliane de Carvalho Rosas Gomes ◽  
Karla Orfelina Carpio Horta ◽  
Luiz Gonzaga Gandini ◽  
Marcelo Gonçalves ◽  
João Roberto Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Standardized Protocol ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Cephalometric Measurements ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the relationship between craniofacial measurements obtained from cephalometric radiographs and analogous measurements from profile photographs. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalograms and standardized facial profile photographs were obtained from a sample of 123 subjects (65 girls, 58 boys; age 7–12 years). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated from repeated photographic measurements to evaluate method reliability. Analogous cephalometric and photographic measurements were compared to assess Pearson correlation coefficients. Linear regression analyses were conducted between the measurements that achieved correlation coefficients greater than r  =  0.7. Results: The reliability of the photographic technique was satisfactory. Most measurements showed ICCs above 0.80 and highly significant correlations (P ≤ .001) with cephalometric variables. Among all measurements used, the A'N'B' angle was the most effective in explaining the variability of its analogous cephalometric, mainly for female subjects (r2  =  0.80). The FMA' angle showed the best results for vertical assessment (r2  =  0.65). Conclusions: The photographic method has proven to be a repeatable and reproducible tool provided that a standardized protocol is followed. Therefore, it may be considered a feasible and practical diagnostic alternative, particularly if there is a need for a low-cost and noninvasive method.

Interobserver Reliability Using the Phonetic Level Evaluation With Severely and Profoundly Hearing-Impaired Children

1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 989-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Shaw ◽  
Truman E. Coggins
Keyword(s):  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Interobserver Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Assessment Measure ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Speech Assessment ◽  
Hearing Impaired Children

This study examines whether observers reliably categorize selected speech production behaviors in hearing-impaired children. A group of experienced speech-language pathologists was trained to score the elicited imitations of 5 profoundly and 5 severely hearing-impaired subjects using the Phonetic Level Evaluation (Ling, 1976). Interrater reliability was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients. Overall, the magnitude of the coefficients was found to be considerably below what would be accepted in published behavioral research. Failure to obtain acceptably high levels of reliability suggests that the Phonetic Level Evaluation may not yet be an accurate and objective speech assessment measure for hearing-impaired children.

scholarly journals Is there a relationship between the overhead press and split jerk maximum performance? Influence of sex

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110204
Author(s):  
Marcos A Soriano ◽  
G Gregory Haff ◽  
Paul Comfort ◽  
Francisco J Amaro-Gahete ◽  
Antonio Torres-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Maximum Performance ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients

The aims of this study were to (I) determine the differences and relationship between the overhead press and split jerk performance in athletes involved in weightlifting training, and (II) explore the magnitude of these differences in one-repetition maximum (1RM) performances between sexes. Sixty-one men (age: 30.4 ± 6.7 years; height: 1.8 ± 0.5 m; body mass 82.5 ± 8.5 kg; weightlifting training experience: 3.7 ± 3.5 yrs) and 21 women (age: 29.5 ± 5.2 yrs; height: 1.7 ± 0.5 m; body mass: 62.6 ± 5.7 kg; weightlifting training experience: 3.0 ± 1.5 yrs) participated. The 1RM performance of the overhead press and split jerk were assessed for all participants, with the overhead press assessed on two occasions to determine between-session reliability. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and 95% confidence intervals showed a high reliability for the overhead press ICC = 0.98 (0.97 – 0.99). A very strong correlation and significant differences were found between the overhead press and split jerk 1RM performances for all participants (r = 0.90 [0.93 – 0.85], 60.2 ± 18.3 kg, 95.7 ± 29.3 kg, p ≤ 0.001). Men demonstrated stronger correlations between the overhead press and split jerk 1RM performances (r = 0.83 [0.73-0.90], p ≤ 0.001) compared with women (r = 0.56 [0.17-0.80], p = 0.008). These results provide evidence that 1RM performance of the overhead press and split jerk performance are highly related, highlighting the importance of upper-limb strength in the split jerk maximum performance.

scholarly journals Patient-Reported Dysphagia in Adults with Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Translation and Validation of the Swedish Eosinophilic Esophagitis Activity Index

Dysphagia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofie Albinsson ◽  
Lisa Tuomi ◽  
Christine Wennerås ◽  
Helen Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Eosinophilic Esophagitis ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Eortc Qlq

AbstractThe lack of a Swedish patient-reported outcome instrument for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) has limited the assessment of the disease. The aims of the study were to translate and validate the Eosinophilic Esophagitis Activity Index (EEsAI) to Swedish and to assess the symptom severity of patients with EoE compared to a nondysphagia control group. The EEsAI was translated and adapted to a Swedish cultural context (S-EEsAI) based on international guidelines. The S-EEsAI was validated using adult Swedish patients with EoE (n = 97) and an age- and sex-matched nondysphagia control group (n = 97). All participants completed the S-EEsAI, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Oesophageal Module 18 (EORTC QLQ-OES18), and supplementary questions regarding feasibility and demographics. Reliability and validity of the S-EEsAI were evaluated by Cronbach’s alpha and Spearman correlation coefficients between the domains of the S-EEsAI and the EORTC QLQ-OES18. A test–retest analysis of 29 patients was evaluated through intraclass correlation coefficients. The S-EEsAI had sufficient reliability with Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.83 and 0.85 for the “visual dysphagia question” and the “avoidance, modification and slow eating score” domains, respectively. The test–retest reliability was sufficient, with good to excellent intraclass correlation coefficients (0.60–0.89). The S-EEsAI domains showed moderate correlation to 6/10 EORTC QLQ-OES18 domains, indicating adequate validity. The patient S-EEsAI results differed significantly from those of the nondysphagia controls (p < 0.001). The S-EEsAI appears to be a valid and reliable instrument for monitoring adult patients with EoE in Sweden.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy using non-ECG-gated 15O-water PET

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Sörensen ◽  
Jonny Nordström ◽  
Tomasz Baron ◽  
Stellan Mörner ◽  
Sven-Olof Granstam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Method Development ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Concentric Hypertrophy ◽  
2D Echocardiography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Septal Wall Thickness

Abstract Aim To develop a method for diagnosing left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy from cardiac perfusion 15O-water positron emission tomography (PET). Methods We retrospectively pooled data from 139 subjects in four research cohorts. LV remodeling patterns ranged from normal to severe eccentric and concentric hypertrophy. 15O-water PET scans (n = 197) were performed with three different PET devices. A low-end scanner (66 scans) was used for method development, and remaining scans with newer devices for a blinded evaluation. Dynamic data were converted into parametric images of perfusable tissue fraction for semi-automatic delineation of the LV wall and calculation of LV mass (LVM) and septal wall thickness (WT). LVM and WT from PET were compared to cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR, n = 47) and WT to 2D-echocardiography (2DE, n = 36). PET accuracy was tested using linear regression, Bland–Altman plots, and ROC curves. Observer reproducibility were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients. Results High correlations were found in the blinded analyses (r ≥ 0.87, P < 0.0001 for all). AUC for detecting increased LVM and WT (> 12 mm and > 15 mm) was ≥ 0.95 (P < 0.0001 for all). Reproducibility was excellent (ICC ≥ 0.93, P < 0.0001). Conclusion 15O-water PET might detect LV hypertrophy with high accuracy and precision.

Intersession reliability of GPS-based and accelerometer-based physical variables in small-sided games with and without the offside rule

2021 ◽  
pp. 175433712098764
Author(s):  
Igor Junio de Oliveira Custódio ◽  
Gibson Moreira Praça ◽  
Leandro Vinhas de Paula ◽  
Sarah da Glória Teles Bredt ◽  
Fabio Yuzo Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Physical Demands ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
High Level

This study aimed to analyze the intersession reliability of global positioning system (GPS-based) distances and accelerometer-based (acceleration) variables in small-sided soccer games (SSG) with and without the offside rule, as well as compare variables between the tasks. Twenty-four high-level U-17 soccer athletes played 3 versus 3 (plus goalkeepers) SSG in two formats (with and without the offside rule). SSG were performed on eight consecutive weeks (4 weeks for each group), twice a week. The physical demands were recorded using a GPS with an embedded triaxial accelerometer. GPS-based variables (total distance, average speed, and distances covered at different speeds) and accelerometer-based variables (Player Load™, root mean square of the acceleration recorded in each movement axis, and the root mean square of resultant acceleration) were calculated. Results showed that the inclusion of the offside rule reduced the total distance covered (large effect) and the distances covered at moderate speed zones (7–12.9 km/h – moderate effect; 13–17.9 km/h – large effect). In both SSG formats, GPS-based variables presented good to excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients – ICC > 0.62) and accelerometer-based variables presented excellent reliability (ICC values > 0.89). Based on the results of this study, the offside rule decreases the physical demand of 3 versus 3 SSG and the physical demands required in these SSG present high intersession reliability.

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