scholarly journals The isolation and identification of pathogenic fungi from Tessaratoma papillosa Drury (Hemiptera: Tessaratomidae)

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Meng ◽  
Junjie Hu ◽  
Gecheng Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Highly Virulent

Background Litchi stink-bug, Tessaratoma papillosa Drury (Hemiptera: Tessaratomidae), is one of the most widespread and destructive pest species on Litchi chinensis Sonn and Dimocarpus longan Lour in Southern China. Inappropriate use of chemical pesticides has resulted in serious environmental problems and food pollution. Generating an improved Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy for litchi stink-bug in orchard farming requires development of an effective biological control agent. Entomopathogenic fungi are regarded as a vital ecological factor in the suppression of pest populations under field conditions. With few effective fungi and pathogenic strains available to control litchi stink-bug, exploration of natural resources for promising entomopathogenic fungi is warranted. Methods & Results In this study, two pathogenic fungi were isolated from cadavers of adult T. papillosa. They were identified as Paecilomyces lilacinus and Beauveria bassiana by morphological identification and rDNA-ITS homogeneous analysis. Infection of T. papillosa with B. bassiana and P. lilacinus occurred initially from the antennae, metameres, and inter-segmental membranes. Biological tests showed that the two entomopathogenic fungi induced high mortality in 2nd and 5th instar nymphs of T. papillosa. B. bassiana was highly virulent on 2nd instar nymphs of T. papillosa, with values for cadaver rate, LC50 and LT50 of 88.89%, 1.92 × 107 conidia/mL and 4.34 days respectively. Discussion This study provides two valuable entomopathogenic fungi from T. papillosa. This finding suggests that the highly virulent P. lilacinus and B. bassiana play an important role in the biocontrol of T. papillosa in China. These pathogenic fungi had no pollution or residue risk, and could provide an alternative option for IPM of litchi stink-bug.

scholarly journals The isolation and identification of pathogenic fungus from the diseased Tessaratomapapillosa Drury (Hemiptera: Tessaratomidae) and their pathogenicity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Meng ◽  
Junjie Hu ◽  
Gecheng Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Rdna Its ◽  
Major Pest

Background. Litchi stink-bug, Tessaratoma papillosa Drury (Hemiptera: Tessaratomidae) is a major pest on litchi and longan in Southern China. It is urgent to develop valid biological agent for control the pest and improve IPM strategy on orchard farming. Entomopathogenic fungi was regarded as avital ecological factor pressing pest populations in field, however, there were fewer searches conducted on entomopathogenic fungi against litchi stink-bug. Methods & Results. In this study, two pathogenic fungus were isolated from the adult diseased T. papillosa by normal methods and rDNA-ITS homogeneous analysis, they are identified as Paecilomyces lilacinus and Beauveria bassiana. Laboratory tests showed that the two entomopathogenic fungi both had a good lethal effect to young nymph and old nymph of T. papillosa. The toxicity determination showed that the LC50 value for Beauveria bassiana was higher than P. lilacinus. Conclusion.These pathogenic fungus did not have the risk of pollution or residue, and they can be a alternative option for integrated pest management approache.

scholarly journals The isolation and identification of pathogenic fungus from the diseased Tessaratomapapillosa Drury (Hemiptera: Tessaratomidae) and their pathogenicity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Meng ◽  
Junjie Hu ◽  
Gecheng Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Rdna Its ◽  
Major Pest

Background. Litchi stink-bug, Tessaratoma papillosa Drury (Hemiptera: Tessaratomidae) is a major pest on litchi and longan in Southern China. It is urgent to develop valid biological agent for control the pest and improve IPM strategy on orchard farming. Entomopathogenic fungi was regarded as avital ecological factor pressing pest populations in field, however, there were fewer searches conducted on entomopathogenic fungi against litchi stink-bug. Methods & Results. In this study, two pathogenic fungus were isolated from the adult diseased T. papillosa by normal methods and rDNA-ITS homogeneous analysis, they are identified as Paecilomyces lilacinus and Beauveria bassiana. Laboratory tests showed that the two entomopathogenic fungi both had a good lethal effect to young nymph and old nymph of T. papillosa. The toxicity determination showed that the LC50 value for Beauveria bassiana was higher than P. lilacinus. Conclusion.These pathogenic fungus did not have the risk of pollution or residue, and they can be a alternative option for integrated pest management approache.

Ichneumon promissorius (Erichson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): Factors Affecting Fecundity, Oviposition, and Longevity

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
Host Pupa

Ichneumon (=Pterocormus) promissorius (Erichson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumomidae), a native of Australia, is a pupal parasitoid which searches the soil surface for host pupation sites, burrows into a pupal gallery, and oviposits in the host pupa. Fecundity and rate of oviposition were influenced by the mating status of females, the host from which females developed, and the frequency in which females were exposed to hosts. Virgin females continued laying eggs many days after mated females had stopped. A preoviposition period of 17 d in mated females did not affect the oviposition curve or the number of eggs laid, suggesting that the oogenesis is arrested until female wasps are exposed to host pupae. Female wasps exposed to pupae for 24 h every fifth day lived longer than female wasps continuously exposed to pupae. However, females that were continuously exposed to pupae laid more eggs. Virgin females reared on Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) pupae laid fewer eggs than virgin females reared on Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) pupae. These data will be important in evaluating the potential of I. promissorius as a biological control agent for pest species in the United States and will be useful in developing laboratory rearing procedures for I. promissorius.

scholarly journals Psix striaticeps (Dodd) (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae): an Old World parasitoid of stink bug eggs arrives in Florida, USA

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 503-521
Author(s):  
Sarah Birkmire ◽  
Cory Penca ◽  
Elijah J. Talamas ◽  
Matthew R. Moore ◽  
Amanda C. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Old World ◽  
Piezodorus Guildinii

Psix striaticeps (Dodd) is an egg-parasitoid wasp previously known only from the Old World. We report this species from twelve counties in Florida, which are the first records in the Western Hemisphere. It was collected in yellow cylinder traps and reared from the eggs of three stink bug species: Nezara viridula L., Chinavia marginata (Palisot de Beauvois), and Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood). A COI barcode analysis found a 100% match between the Floridian population and a specimen from South Africa. The prospects of using Ps. striaticeps as a biological control agent against exotic stink bugs are discussed.

scholarly journals A Review of the Biology and Control of Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), with Special Reference to Biological Control Using Entomopathogenic Fungi

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Sani ◽  
Siti Izera Ismail ◽  
Sumaiyah Abdullah ◽  
Johari Jalinas ◽  
Syari Jamian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
And Control ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), consists of genetically diverse species known to cause significant destruction in several crops around the world. Nymphs and adults of B. tabaci cause damage to plants during feeding, and they can act as a virus vector, thus causing significant yield loss to crops in the tropical and subtropical regions. Chemical pesticides are widely used to control B. tabaci due to their immediate action, but this approach has several drawbacks including food safety issues, insecticide resistance, environmental pollution, and the effect on non-target organisms. A biological control agent using entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) has therefore been developed as an alternative against the conventional use of chemical pesticides in an integrated pest management (IPM) system to effectively control B. tabaci. It is apparent from this review that species of hyphomycetes fungi are the most common EPF used to effectively control B. tabaci, with the second instar being the most susceptible stage of infection. Therefore, this review article focuses specifically on the control of B. tabaci with special emphasis on the use of EPF as biological control agents and their integration in IPM.

Physiological Host Range of Trissolcus Mitsukurii, A Candidate Biological Control Agent of Halyomorpha Halys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucrezia Giovannini ◽  
Giuseppino Sabbatini-Peverieri ◽  
Leonardo Marianelli ◽  
Gabriele Rondoni ◽  
Eric Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Egg Load ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Stink Bug

Abstract The invasive stink bug Halyomorpha halys is a severe agricultural pest of worldwide importance, and chemical insecticides are largely sprayed for the control of its populations. Negative impacts and several failures in chemical pest management led to consider classical biological control as one of the most promising methods in a long-term perspective. The Asian egg parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus is the main candidate biocontrol agent of H. halys, but more recently a second Asian egg parasitoid, Trissolcus mitsukurii, is getting attention after adventive populations were found on H. halys egg masses in Europe. Before recommending the use of T. mitsukurii for biological control of H. halys, a risk analysis is necessary and therefore here we present the first study on the fundamental physiological host range of this parasitoid in Europe. Tests conducted with T. mitsukurii on different hemipterans, using three different experimental designs, revealed a broad physiological host range, comparable with the host range displayed by T. japonicus under similar laboratory conditions. Specifically, in addition to its coevolved host H. halys, T. mitsukurii successfully parasitized the majority of tested pentatomid species and one scutellerid, although with highly variable emergence rates. Host egg sizes positively affected parasitoid size and female egg load. Further studies, testing more complex systems that involve olfactory cues from host and host plants, will simulate different aspects of the parasitoid host location behavior under field conditions, allowing in-depth evaluation of the possible risks associated with the use of T. mitsukurii as a biocontrol agent of H. halys.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of the Mycoparasitic Oomycete Pythium periplocum Strain CBS 532.74

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep K. Kushwaha ◽  
Ramesh R. Vetukuri ◽  
Laura J. Grenville-Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Protein Coding Genes

ABSTRACT The oomycete Pythium periplocum is an aggressive mycoparasite of a number of plant pathogenic fungi and oomycetes and therefore has potential as a biological control agent. Here, we report the first draft genome sequence of P. periplocum, which comprises 35.89 Mb. It contains 1,043 scaffolds and 14,399 predicted protein-coding genes.

scholarly journals Natural Epiphytotic of the Rust Puccinia psidii on Melaleuca quin-quenervia in Florida

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 831-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Rayachhetry ◽  
M. L. Elliott ◽  
T. K. Van
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Light Cycle ◽  
Melaleuca Quinquenervia ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Puccinia Psidii ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Pimenta Dioica

Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S. T. Blake (melaleuca), a tree of Australian origin, is an invasive weed of natural areas in southern Florida and has been listed as a federal noxious weed. During January 1997, severe incidence of a rust disease was detected on new growth of about 70% of the melaleuca trees over a 2-km strip in Broward and Dade counties. These top-pruned trees were 3 to 5 m tall with bushy appearance and had many new shoots. The rust was observed on melaleuca saplings and trees in a 20-km radius in January through March 1997. Leaf lesions began as chlorotic flecks that expanded, produced spores, and developed into necrotic spots. Infected leaves were severely distorted. Branches were severely defoliated and succulent twigs were often girdled by lesions, causing dieback of the new growth. Yellow uredinia were observed on all young leaves and some petioles and twigs. Urediniospore morphology and dimensions (17 to 27 × 15 to 24 µm) are consistent with the description of Puccinia psidii G. Wint. (1) and the University of Florida's herbarium material of P. psidii on Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr. (allspice) (2). An inoculation test was conducted with 40-cm-tall melaleuca seedlings. Fully expanded leaves and terminals of these seedlings were brushed or sprayed with freshly collected urediniospores, covered with plastic bags, and placed in a growth chamber maintained at 16°C (night) and 26°C (day) with a corresponding 12-h light cycle for 72 h. The plastic bags were then removed and the seedlings maintained in high humidity and ambient temperatures in a shadehouse. Typical symptoms and sporulation occurred after 10 and 12 days, respectively, following inoculation. Although P. psidii has been recorded on 11 genera in Myrtaceae in the Americas (1,2), including melaleuca, an epiphytotic of this magnitude on melaleuca has not been reported. A different race of P. psidii has been suspected to cause sudden epiphytotics on Pimenta officinalis Lindl. in Jamaica (1). Further research related to host range is warranted to determine the specificity of P. psidii, as this rust may have potential as a microbial biological control agent of melaleuca. References: (1) G. F. Laundon and J. M. Waterson. C.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria No. 56, 1965. (2) R. B. Marlatt and J. W. Kimbrough. Plant Dis. Rep. 63:510, 1979.

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