scholarly journals Outplanting technique, host genotype, and site affect the initial success of outplanted Acropora cervicornis

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Goergen ◽  
David S. Gilliam
Keyword(s):  
Colony Size ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Acropora Cervicornis ◽  
Host Genotype ◽  
Reef Restoration ◽  
Colony Density ◽  
Colony Loss ◽  
One Year ◽  
Colony Survival ◽  
Low Prevalence

Acropora cervicornis is the most widely used coral species for reef restoration in the greater Caribbean. However, outplanting methodologies (e.g., colony density, size, host genotype, and attachment technique) vary greatly, and to date have not been evaluated for optimality across multiple sites. Two experiments were completed during this study, the first evaluated the effects of attachment technique, colony size, and genotype by outplanting 405 A. cervicornis colonies, from ten genotypes, four size classes, and three attachment techniques (epoxy, nail and cable tie, or puck) across three sites. Colony survival, health condition, tissue productivity, and growth were assessed across one year for this experiment. The second experiment assessed the effect of colony density by outplanting colonies in plots of one, four, or 25 corals per 4 m2 across four separate sites. Plot survival and condition were evaluated across two years for this experiment in order to better capture the effect of increasing cover. Colonies attached with a nail and cable tie resulted in the highest survival regardless of colony size. Small corals had the lowest survival, but the greatest productivity. The majority of colony loss was attributed to missing colonies and was highest for pucks and small epoxied colonies. Disease and predation were observed at all sites, but did not affect all genotypes, however due to the overall low prevalence of either condition there were no significant differences found in any comparison. Low density plots had significantly higher survival and significantly lower prevalence of disease, predation, and missing colonies than high density plots. These results indicate that to increase initial outplant success, colonies of many genotypes should be outplanted to multiple sites using a nail and cable tie, in low densities, and with colonies over 15 cm total linear extension.

scholarly journals Host-specific epibiomes of distinct Acropora cervicornis genotypes persist after field transplantation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily G Aguirre ◽  
Wyatt MIllion ◽  
Erich Bartels ◽  
Cory Krediet ◽  
Carly D Kenkel
Keyword(s):  
Common Garden ◽  
Florida Keys ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Acropora Cervicornis ◽  
Host Genotype ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Coral Mucus ◽  
Reef Restoration ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
One Year

Microbiome studies across taxa have established the influence of host genotype on microbial recruitment and maintenance. However, research exploring host-specific epibionts in scleractinian corals is scant and the influence of intraspecific differences across environments remains unclear. Here, we studied the epibiome of ten Acropora cervicornis genotypes to investigate the relative roles of host genotype and environment in structuring the epibiome. Coral mucus was sampled in a common garden nursery from replicate ramets of distinct genotypes (T0). Coral fragment replicates (n=3) of each genotype were then transplanted to nine different field sites in the Lower Florida Keys and mucus was again sampled one year later from surviving ramets (T12). 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was used to assess microbial composition, richness, and beta-diversity. The most abundant and consistent amplicon sequencing variants (ASVs) in all samples belonged to Fokiniaceae (MD3-55 genus) and Cyanobacteria (Synechococccus). The abundances of these bacterial taxa varied consistently between genotypes whereas neither the composition nor taxonomic abundance were significantly different among field sites. Interestingly, several high MD3-55 hosting genotypes showed rapid diversification and an increase in MD3-55 following transplantation. Overall, our results indicate healthy A. cervicornis genotypes retain distinct epibiome signatures through time, suggesting a strong host component. Lastly, our results show that differences in MD3-55 abundances can be consistently detected in the epibiome of distinct host-genotypes of A. cervicornis. As this organism (sensu Aquarickettsia rohweri) has been implicated as a marker of disease resistance, this finding reinforces the potential use of microbial indicators in reef restoration efforts via non-invasive surface/mucus sampling.

scholarly journals Growth Dynamics of the Threatened Caribbean Staghorn Coral Acropora cervicornis: Influence of Host Genotype, Symbiont Identity, Colony Size, and Environmental Setting

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e107253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Lirman ◽  
Stephanie Schopmeyer ◽  
Victor Galvan ◽  
Crawford Drury ◽  
Andrew C. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colony Size ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Acropora Cervicornis ◽  
Host Genotype ◽  
Environmental Setting

scholarly journals Analysis of mammary gland according to results of CMT (California Mastitis Test) and bacteriological findings in secretion

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 359-367
Author(s):  
Nazif Varatanovic ◽  
Amela Katica ◽  
Tarik Mutevelic ◽  
Nadzida Mlaco ◽  
Edin Hamzic
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Health Control ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
One Year

Health control of the mammary gland was conducted comparing results of CMT (California Mastitis Test) and bacteriological findings of milk samples during one year. A total of 3863 secretion samples of mammary glands were collected. There were 85.3% matches for CMT and bacteriological findings. The most frequently isolated causative agents were: staphylococci (52.4%), streptococcus bacteria (23.5%), mixed infections (13.1%), and enterobacteria (10.3%). Secretions disorder and inflammations of mammary gland are most common for the warm period of the year, and very rare for the winter period. With permanent use of these two methods it is possible to obtain satisfactory results in order to get better milk production and health condition of the mammary gland. .

scholarly journals Impact of seven years of mass drug administration and recrudescence of Schistosoma haematobium infections after one year of treatment gap in Zanzibar: Repeated cross-sectional studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. e0009127
Author(s):  
Lydia Trippler ◽  
Shaali Makame Ame ◽  
Jan Hattendorf ◽  
Saleh Juma ◽  
Salum Abubakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Treatment Gap ◽  
Urogenital Schistosomiasis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reagent Strips ◽  
One Year ◽  
Low Prevalence

Background Considerable progress towards the elimination of urogenital schistosomiasis was made by the Zanzibar Elimination of Schistosomiasis Transmission project from 2012 till 2016, when biannual praziquantel mass drug administration (MDA) alone or with additional snail control or behaviour change interventions were implemented. Annual MDA was continued in 2017 and 2018, but not in 2019, imposing a 16-month treatment gap. We monitored the Schistosoma haematobium prevalence from 2012 till 2020 and assessed recrudescence patterns with focus on 2020. Methodology Repeated cross-sectional surveys were conducted from 2011/12 till 2020 in 90 communities and 90 schools in Zanzibar. Annually, around 4,500 adults and up to 20,000 schoolchildren were surveyed. The S. haematobium prevalence was detected by urine filtration and reagent strips. In 2020, risk factors for infection were investigated using generalized estimated equation models. Principal findings In adults, the apparent S. haematobium prevalence was 3.9% in 2011 and 0.4% in 2020. In schoolchildren, the prevalence decreased from 6.6% in 2012 to 1.2% in 2019 with vicissitudes over the years. Prominent recrudescence of infection from 2.8% in 2019 to 9.1% (+225%) in 2020 was observed in 29 schools with historically moderate prevalences (≥10%). Compared with 2019, reinfection in 2020 was particularly striking in boys aged 9–16 years. Being male was a risk factor for infection in 2020 (adults: odds ratio (OR): 6.24, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.96–19.60; schoolchildren: OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.52–2.78). Living near to a natural freshwater body significantly increased the odds of infection in adults (OR: 2.90, CI: 1.12–7.54). Conclusions/Significance After 11 rounds of MDA over 7 years and a 16-month treatment gap, the urogenital schistosomiasis prevalence considerably rebounded in hotspot areas. Future elimination efforts in Zanzibar should focus on re-intensifying MDA plus additional interventions in hotspot areas. In low-prevalence areas, the strategy might be adapted from MDA to targeted surveillance-response.

scholarly journals PETER’S ANOMALY

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laya Rares
Keyword(s):  
Penetrating Keratoplasty ◽  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Pressure Management ◽  
Filtration Surgery ◽  
Intra Ocular Pressure ◽  
Ocular Pressure ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right ◽  
Peter’S Anomaly

Abstract: Peter’s anomaly is a congenital corneal anomaly characterized by central or paracentral opacity. Around 60-80% of this anomaly is bilateral. We reported a girl of one year and six months as having bilateral corneal opacity since she was born. Diagnosis was based on ophthalmological examinations: the vision of the right and left eyes was ‘fix and follow the light’; sensoric nystagmus of both eyes; intra-ocular pressure of the right eye 37 mm Hg and of the left eye 40 mm Hg; corneal diameters of both eyes were 11 mm; 5-mm-central opacity of both cornea; both eye movements to all directions were normal; anterior chambers were shallow; iris was attached to the corneal endothelium; both lenses were difficult to be evaluated due to corneal opacity; fundal reflexes in both eyes were negative. The early medication given was thymolol 0.5% to decrease the intra-ocular pressure. If her health condition improved, a penetrating keratoplasty and a filtration surgery were recommended under general anaesthesia. Key words: Peter’s anomaly, corneal opacity, intraocular pressure, management.   Abstrak: Peter’s anomaly merupakan kelainan kongenital kornea yang ditandai dengan kekeruhan pada kornea bagian sentral ataupun parasentral. Sekitar 60-80% kasus Peter’s anomaly terjadi bilateral. Kami melaporkan kasus Peter’s Anomaly pada seorang anak berusia satu tahun enam bulan dengan kekeruhan pada kedua mata sejak lahir. Diagnosis ditegakkan berdasarkan pemeriksaan oftalmologis dimana didapatkan visus okuli dekstra dan sinistra fix and follow the light, nistagmus sensoris pada kedua mata, tekanan intra okuler pada mata kanan 37 mm Hg dan pada mata kiri 40 mmHg. Diameter kornea kedua mata 11 mm, adanya  kekeruhan pada sentral kornea (stroma) dengan diameter 5 mm pada kedua mata. Pergerakan  kedua mata ke semua arah normal. Bilik mata anterior dangkal, iris melekat pada endotel kornea, lensa kedua mata sukar dievaluasi oleh karena kekeruhan pada kornea. Refleks fundus negatif pada kedua mata. Penanganan awal yang diberikan berupa medikamentosa (timolol 0,5%) untuk menurunkan tekanan intra okuler sambil menunggu keadaan umum membaik untuk dilakukan penetrating keratoplasty and filtration surgery dibawah anastesi umum. Kata Kunci: Peter’s anomaly, kekeruhan kornea, tekanan intra okuler, penanganan.

scholarly journals Endocrine Disorders in a Specialized Hospital in Guyana

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-31
Author(s):  
Yaquelin Gonzalez Ricardo ◽  
Yaritza Lopez Diaz ◽  
Ravendra Johnaton Dudnauth ◽  
Maritza Oliva Perez
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Obstetric Care ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Sheehan Syndrome ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Endocrinology Clinic

Background: Endocrine diseases are characterized by hormonal alterations (excess or defect). Due to the low prevalence (less than five case 5 / 10 000 inhabitants), a large number of them, qualify to be classified as rare diseases such as those of organs like: hypophysis, adrenal glands, gonads as well as some congenital thyroid diseases. Others like Diabetes are considering almost epidemic. Objective: To define the types of diseases observed in the only Endocrinology Clinic in Guyana. Methods: The diagnoses of all patients who attended the endocrinology clinic of the Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation from June 1, 2016 to May 31, 2017, were analyzed. Results: During the one year of this study, approximately 639 patients attended the endocrinology clinic. Of this, 178 patients had thyroid-related diseases with 80 of these having thyrotoxicosis, 49 having hypothyroidism followed by 110 patients with diabetes mellitus. Pituitary tumors were also diagnosed with 2 of acromegaly and 6 of prolactinomas. Cases of hypoadrenalism (n = 5), hypogonadism (n = 4), and pheochromocytoma (n = 6) were not rare; gonadal disease were also found in 17 patients. Thyroid disease was the most frequent diagnosis followed by diabetes mellitus. New emerging endocrine disorders such as hyperlipidemia (n = 1) were rare. Some persons attending the clinic were also noted to be overweight /obese however this was not the primary reason for joining the clinic. Traditional diseases such as Sheehan Syndrome have become rare due to improvements in Obstetric care. 

scholarly journals Theory to practice: How the City of Utrecht develops a Health and Equity in all Policies approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Weber ◽  
M Droomers
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Economically Deprived ◽  
Professional Assistance ◽  
One Year

Abstract Introduction We witness an increase in Health in All Policies approaches worldwide. In Utrecht this inter-sectoral and multi-level governance approach is strong since several years. Utrecht has made progress in linking spatial challenges with social challenges, aiming for healthy urban living for all. An example is social renovation, in which social housing corporations combine physical renovation with social programs in Overvecht, the most socio-economically deprived neighbourhood in Utrecht. The project addresses social determinants of health, such as income, education and employment, and subsequently improvement of health of the residents. Methods In April 2020, social renovation of an apartment building of around 180 households will start. During the exploration phase, community workers carry out door-to-door visits. This forms the basis for community development activities and provides the possibility to refer residents directly to professional assistance. After one year, the actual renovation starts. Following, new residents are purposely selected and assigned to the newly renovated flats that have been vacated during the process. Results Impact of the social renovation process on health and health determinants will be evaluated. The door-to-door visits are used to interview the residents about their wellbeing, stress, mental and physical health condition, sense of mastery, financial problems, perceived safety, and social and physical living environment. Interviews will be repeated during the community development phase (after six months), and just before the start of the physical renovation (after one year). Discussion Social renovation aims to contribute to and preferably improve residents' personal living conditions and social living environment, instead of just improving their housing conditions. Lessons learned from this process will inspire replication and upscaling in other neighbourhoods.

scholarly journals Feeding Practices and Growth in a Healthy Population of Cuban Infants

1992 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Manuel Amador ◽  
Mirta P. Hermelo ◽  
Mario Valdes ◽  
Marcos Ruiz ◽  
Rafael Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Early Introduction ◽  
Solid Foods ◽  
One Year ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Breast Fed

The feeding practices for a selected sample of 100 infants and the infants’ growth were followed from hospital discharge until one year of age. Normal, full-term newborn infants weighing more than 2,500 g whose mothers were 20–30 years old, literate, and married and had received regular prenatal care were selected for the study. The mode of feeding and the infant's weight, length, and body muss index were recorded every 15 days up to 360 days of age. A low prevalence of breast-feeding and early weaning, with early introduction of solid foods, were found. Infants who were bottle-fed from birth were heavier at 90 and 360 days but did not differ in length from those who were breast-fed. This difference was probably due to a higher energy intake in the infants who were never breast-fed.

The real “fire ants”: colony size and body size of workers influence the fate of boreal sand hill ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) after wildfires in Alberta, Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R.N. Glasier ◽  
Scott E. Nielsen ◽  
John H. Acorn
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Colony Size ◽  
Fire Ants ◽  
Fire Ant ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Sand Hills ◽  
One Year ◽  
Nest Type

AbstractOver two summers following accidental May wildfires, total ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) forager catch and species richness did not change in jack pine woodlands on sand hills in central Alberta, Canada. However, one year after a fire, smaller ants, and those in smaller colonies, were more abundant in pitfall traps, based on analysis of response ratios for each ant species and relationships to a variety of life history and organismal traits. Nest type and polygyny had no effect on post-fire ant forager catch. The numerical responses of individual ant species appear to be idiosyncratic, but three species of ants that are sand specialists were found to be particularly resilient to fire.

scholarly journals Approach to the Functional Importance of Acropora cervicornis in Outplanting Sites in the Dominican Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Calle-Triviño ◽  
Aarón Israel Muñiz-Castillo ◽  
Camilo Cortés-Useche ◽  
Megan Morikawa ◽  
Rita Sellares-Blasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Ecological Function ◽  
Functional Ecology ◽  
Fish Biomass ◽  
Acropora Cervicornis ◽  
Functional Importance ◽  
Reef Restoration ◽  
The Impact

Coral restoration has been recognized as an increasingly important tool for coral conservation in recent years. In the Caribbean, the endangered staghorn coral, Acropora cervicornis has been studied for restoration for over two decades with most studies focusing on evaluating simple metrics of success such as colony growth and survivorship in both nurseries and outplanted sites. However, for reef restoration to aid in the recovery of ecological function in outplanted sites, there is a need to measure the functional ecology of the impact of outplanting. Here, we present and identify positive ecological processes and ecological functions (such as increased fish biomass, coral cover, and increased in structural complexity) relative to active reef restoration. In the Southeastern Reefs Marine Sanctuary in the Dominican Republic, we monitored the percentage of benthic cover and fish biomass alongside active reef restoration over the period of 12 months in four zones. Subsequently, we developed multidimensional analyses in conjunction with generalized linear models (GLM) and linear models. Our results show there is a remarkable spatial and temporal differentiation favoring greater ecological function in restored areas. We observed the most noticeable patterns of change in the benthos and coral species composition. We found a positive relationship between amounts of outplanted colonies with the total fish biomass for the three outplanted sites. We highlight that Scarus iseri, a parrotfish critical for grazing maintenance, was the species with the greatest benefit. Our results provide evidence of the functional importance of Acropora cervicornis in coral reef active restoration efforts.

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