scholarly journals Land use is the main driver of soil organic carbon spatial distribution in a high mountain ecosystem

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmine Fusaro ◽  
Yohanna Sarria-Guzmán ◽  
Yosef A. Chávez-Romero ◽  
Marco Luna-Guido ◽  
Ligia C. Muñoz-Arenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Mountain Ecosystem ◽  
Soc Stock ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soc Stocks

Background Terrestrial ecosystems play a significant role in carbon (C) storage. Human activities, such as urbanization, infrastructure, and land use change, can reduce significantly the C stored in the soil. The aim of this research was to measure the spatial variability of soil organic C (SOC) in the national park La Malinche (NPLM) in the central highlands of Mexico as an example of highland ecosystems and to determine the impact of land use change on the SOC stocks through deterministic and geostatistical geographic information system (GIS) based methods. Methods The soil was collected from different landscapes, that is, pine, fir, oak and mixed forests, natural grassland, moor and arable land, and organic C content determined. Different GIS-based deterministic (inverse distance weighting, local polynomial interpolation and radial basis function) and geostatistical interpolation techniques (ordinary kriging, cokriging and empirical Bayes kriging) were used to map the SOC stocks and other environmental variables of the top soil layer. Results All interpolation GIS-based methods described the spatial distribution of SOC of the NPLM satisfactorily. The total SOC stock of the NPLM was 2.45 Tg C with 85.3% in the forest (1.26 Tg C in the A horizon and 0.83 Tg C in the O horizon), 11.4% in the arable soil (0.23 Tg in the A horizon and only 0.05 Tg C in the O horizon) and 3.3% in the high moor (0.07 Tg C in the A horizon and <0.01 Tg C in the O horizon). The estimated total SOC stock in a preserved part of the forest in NPLM was 4.98 Tg C in 1938 and has nearly halved since then. Continuing this trend of converting all the remaining forest to arable land will decrease the total SOC stock to 0.52 Tg C. Discussion Different factors explain the large variations in SOC stocks found in this study but the change in land use (conversion of forests into agricultural lands) was the major reason for the reduction of the SOC stocks in the high mountain ecosystem of the NPLM. Large amounts of C, however, could be stored potentially in this ecosystem if the area was used more sustainable. The information derived from this study could be used to recommend strategies to reverse the SOC loss in NPLM and other high-altitude temperate forests and sequester larger quantities of C. This research can serve as a reference for the analysis of SOC distribution in similar mountain ecosystems in central part of Mexico and in other parts of the world.

scholarly journals Dynamics of soil organic carbon in the steppes of Russia and Kazakhstan under past and future climate and land use

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Rolinski ◽  
Alexander V. Prishchepov ◽  
Georg Guggenberger ◽  
Norbert Bischoff ◽  
Irina Kurganova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
The Impact

AbstractChanges in land use and climate are the main drivers of change in soil organic matter contents. We investigated the impact of the largest policy-induced land conversion to arable land, the Virgin Lands Campaign (VLC), from 1954 to 1963, of the massive cropland abandonment after 1990 and of climate change on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in steppes of Russia and Kazakhstan. We simulated carbon budgets from the pre-VLC period (1900) until 2100 using a dynamic vegetation model to assess the impacts of observed land-use change as well as future climate and land-use change scenarios. The simulations suggest for the entire VLC region (266 million hectares) that the historic cropland expansion resulted in emissions of 1.6⋅ 1015 g (= 1.6 Pg) carbon between 1950 and 1965 compared to 0.6 Pg in a scenario without the expansion. From 1990 to 2100, climate change alone is projected to cause emissions of about 1.8 (± 1.1) Pg carbon. Hypothetical recultivation of the cropland that has been abandoned after the fall of the Soviet Union until 2050 may cause emissions of 3.5 (± 0.9) Pg carbon until 2100, whereas the abandonment of all cropland until 2050 would lead to sequestration of 1.8 (± 1.2) Pg carbon. For the climate scenarios based on SRES (Special Report on Emission Scenarios) emission pathways, SOC declined only moderately for constant land use but substantially with further cropland expansion. The variation of SOC in response to the climate scenarios was smaller than that in response to the land-use scenarios. This suggests that the effects of land-use change on SOC dynamics may become as relevant as those of future climate change in the Eurasian steppes.

scholarly journals Assessment on the rates and potentials of soil organic carbon sequestration in agricultural lands in Japan using a process-based model and spatially explicit land-use change inventories – Part 1: Historical trend and validation based on nation-wide soil monitoring

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4429-4442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yagasaki ◽  
Y. Shirato
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Upland Crop ◽  
Soc Stock ◽  
Stock Change ◽  
Soc Stocks

Abstract. In order to estimate a country-scale soil organic carbon (SOC) stock change in agricultural lands in Japan, while taking into account the effect of land-use changes, climate, different agricultural activities and the nature of soils, a spatially explicit model simulation system was developed using Rothamsted Carbon Model (RothC) with an integration of spatial and temporal inventories. Simulation was run from 1970 to 2008 with historical inventories. Simulated SOC stock was compared with observations in a nation-wide stationary monitoring program conducted during 1979–1998. Historical land-use change, characterized by a large decline in the area of paddy fields as well as a small but continuous decline in the area of orchards, occurred along with a relatively large increase in upland crop fields, unmanaged grasslands, and settlements (i.e. conversion of agricultural fields due to urbanization or abandoning). Results of the simulation on SOC stock change under varying land-use change indicated that land-use conversion from agricultural fields to settlements or other lands, as well as that from paddy fields to croplands have likely been an increasing source of CO2 emission, due to the reduction of organic carbon input to soils and the enhancement of SOC decomposition through transition of soil environment from anaerobic to aerobic conditions. The area-weighted mean concentrations of the simulated SOC stocks calculated for major soil groups under paddy fields and upland crop fields were comparable to those observed in the monitoring. Whereas in orchards, the simulated SOC stocks were underestimated. As the results of simulation indicated that SOC stock change under managed grasslands and settlements has been likely a major sink and source of CO2 emission at country-scale, respectively, validation of SOC stock change under these land-use types, which could not have been accomplished due to limited availability or a lack of measurement, remains a forthcoming challenge.

scholarly journals DAMPAK PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN PERTANIAN TERHADAP SOSIAL EKONOMI PETANI SEKITAR LOKASI PERTAMBANGAN BANYU URIP KECAMATAN GAYAM KABUPATEN BOJONEGORO

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Aziz Bahtiar Rifa’i ◽  
Fadjar Hari Mardiansjah
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of agricultural land use change into a petroleum mining area to farmers’ socioeconomic conditions around petroleum mining project area in Gayam District of Kabupaten Bojonegoro. The analyses used a mix method, using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative approach is used to determine the impact of agricultural land use change on the social and economic aspects with the respondent farmers were supported with a scoring method to determine the condition of socioeconomic vulnerability of farmers, while the qualitative approach carried out through in-depth interviews to some informants who have been affected by the project. The results shows that the presence of the petroleum mining industry has not had a positive impact yet on the farmers’ socioeconomic conditions. By the 700 hectares of agricultural land conversion, the agricultural production capacity of the area tends to decrease, including by the decreasing of the productivity of some agricultural land in a radius of 500 m from the fenceof the mining area as they are affected by the fence’s spotlight. The farmers' income also tends to decrease because of the decreasing of their working hours as the big loss of agricultural land in the area. As a result, many farmers should work outside of the area to search replacement of the arable land. These situations lead to a moderate condition of social and economic vulnerability for the farmers, especially for those who still have sufficient assets to meet the needs of their economic. 

Assessing the impact of land-use change for solar park development in the UK: implications for biodiversity and ecosystem services

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Carvalho ◽  
Alona Armstrong ◽  
Mark Ashby ◽  
Belinda Howell ◽  
Hannah Montag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Indicator Species ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Ipcc Report ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;According to the latest IPCC report, 70 to 85% of electricity generation worldwide will need to come from renewable sources of energy by 2050 if countries are to meet internationally agreed greenhouse gas emissions targets. In the rush to decarbonise energy supplies to meet such targets, solar parks (SPs) have proliferated around the world, with uncertain implications for the biodiversity and ecosystem service (ES) provision of hosting ecosystems. SPs necessitate significant land-use change that could disproportionately affect the local environment compared to other low-carbon sources.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In Britain, SPs are commonly built on intensive arable land and managed as grasslands. This offers both risks and opportunities for ecosystem health, yet evidence for assessing ecosystem consequences is scarce. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand how net environmental gains can be integrated into land-use change for solar energy development to address the current biodiversity and climate crises.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We used vegetation data from over 70 SPs and 50 countryside survey plots (1 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) in England and Wales to assess the effects of land-use change for SPs on plant diversity and ES provision. We assessed ten habitat indicator variables (e.g., species richness, larval food plants, forage grasses, bird food plants) associated to functionally important plant species that have the potential to enhance ecosystem service delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;SPs showed higher diversity of habitat indicator species than arable land and improved grasslands, with vegetation between solar arrays showing higher numbers of species important for ES provision (e.g., N-fixing species important for nutrient cycling) than vegetation under solar panels. Overall, the diversity of habitat indicator species seemed highly dependent on former land-use, showing SPs have the potential to enhance ecosystem services provision if built on degraded agricultural land.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Developing this understanding will enable optimisation of SP design and management to ensure delivery of ecosystem co-benefits from this growing land-use.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals 3D soil void space lacunarity as an index of degradation after land use change

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e42491
Author(s):  
Carlos Renato dos Santos ◽  
Antônio Celso Dantas Antonino ◽  
Richard John Heck ◽  
Leandro Ricardo Rodrigues de Lucena ◽  
Alex Cristóvão Holanda de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Void Space ◽  
Lower Porosity ◽  
Porous Soil ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil Pores ◽  
Lacunarity Analysis

In this work, lacunarity analysis is performed on soil pores segmented by the pure voxel extraction method from soil tomography images. The conversion of forest to sugarcane plantation was found to result in higher sugarcane soil pore lacunarity than that of native forest soil, while the porosity was found to be lower. More precisely, this study shows that native forest has more porous soil with a more uniform spatial distribution of pores, while sugarcane soil has lower porosity and a more heterogeneous pore distribution. Moreover, validation through multivariate statistics demonstrates that lacunarity can be considered a relevant index of clustering and can explain the variability among soils under different land use systems. While porosity by itself represents a fundamental concept for quantification of the impact of land use change, the current findings demonstrate that the spatial distribution of pores also plays an important role and that pore lacunarity can be adopted as a complementary tool in studies directed at quantifying the effect of human intervention on soils.

The impact of fertilization regime and land use change on the SOM after 60 years of maize cropping

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Szalai ◽  
Ujházy Noémi ◽  
Anna Vancsik ◽  
Azer Hallabi ◽  
Gergely Jakab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;The top metre of the soil is one of the largest terrestrial carbon reservoirs. More than 50% of the soil carbon is stored as soil organic matter (SOM). Several papers report about the SOM losses due to tillage and land-use change. On the other hand, a huge amount of papers focus on the environmental potential of various min-till, no-till and other techniques for regenerative agriculture. The change of the fertilization regime also has an influence on SOM so it also can influence the humus status of the soils. This presentation focuses on the effects of different kinds of fertilization and abandonment of arable lands on the quantity and quality of the SOM.&lt;br&gt;The present study is based on Martonv&amp;#225;s&amp;#225;r Experimental Station (Hungary) which was established in 1958. The research focused on maize monoculture with the following treatments: (a) no fertilization, (b) NPK, (c) NPK with manure addition. The soil of the plots is Chernozem. Two controls were selected: (a) a natural Grassland and a secondary grassland. The secondary grassland was an arable land until 1990. Five repetitions of soil samples were taken from each plot and times. Soils were fractionated to silt and clay associated OM (s+c), aggregate associated OM (S+A), dissolved organic matter (DOM) and particulate organic matter (POM) according to Zimmermann&amp;#8217;s method (4). Quality parameters of the DOM were studied by CN analyser, UV-Vis spectrometer, spectrofluorometer, zetasizer and size exclusion chromatograph. Solid SOM fractions were studied by CHNS analyser, ATR-FTIR and DRIFT FTIR. The V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene obtained from the soil samples were sequenced on the Illuma platform for the description of microbial diversity.&lt;br&gt;Twenty years were enough to restore the natural SOM content of the soils (land-use change from arable land to grassland). Labile fractions of the SOM were higher in case of secondary than the primary grasslands. We have found differences in weight ratios of SOM fractions between fertilization regimes, as well. The proportion of microbial contribution to SOM were higher in the arable soils than the grasslands based on the C:N ratios of the SOM. However, the predominance of phyla Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteriodetes, Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia in all studied soils, microbial diversity is generally higher in the grasslands than in the arable plots. The DOM of different fertilization regimes and land uses have shown the most characteristic differences. The difference between arable plots (with various fertilization regimes) and grasslands can be characterized by humic substances (HS) with higher condensation degree and molecular mass. The application of manure has result same proportion of peptide-like components and HS with lower molecular as the DOM of grassland soils.&lt;br&gt;The microbial diversity of abandoned arable land remained similar to that of the arable lands over twenty years. The major part of the growth of SOM occurred in the labile fractions. The change of the fertilization regime also has limited potential to grow a total mass of SOM.&lt;br&gt;Support of the GINOP 2.3.2-15-2016-00056 and National Research, Development and Innovation Office under contracts K123953 are gratefully acknowledged.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF LAND USE CHANGE IN INNER MONGOLIA REGION FROM 1978 TO 2018 BASED ON REMOTE SENSING

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B3-2020 ◽  
pp. 745-749
Author(s):  
W. Qu ◽  
Y. Yao ◽  
Z. Pang ◽  
J. Lu ◽  
K. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Unused Land ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Land use change is an important theme of the research on the impact of human interaction on global change. In this paper, two phases of land use data were interpretated from remote sensing images of 1978 and 2018, and the spatial-temporal characteristics of land use change in China's Inner Mongolia Region from 1978 to 2018 were analyzed. The results indicated that grasslands and arable land are mainly distributed in the central and eastern region of Inner Mongolia, forest land are mainly distributed in the eastern region, and unused land is mainly distributed in the western region. From 1978 to 2018, the area of arable land in Inner Mongolia decreased by 9,000 km2, forest land increased by 900 km2, and the area of grassland decreased by 1,400 km2. Urban and rural, industrial mines, and residential land continued to increase with an area of 7,800 km2; and unused land increased by an area of 11,500 km2. It was indicated that after 40 years of development, land use in urban and rural areas, industrial mines, and residential areas caused by human activities in the Inner Mongolia Region has increased significantly. At the same time, the policy of returning farmland to forests to protect the environment has achieved significant results.

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