The impact of fertilization regime and land use change on the SOM after 60 years of maize cropping

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Szalai ◽  
Ujházy Noémi ◽  
Anna Vancsik ◽  
Azer Hallabi ◽  
Gergely Jakab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
The Impact

<p>The top metre of the soil is one of the largest terrestrial carbon reservoirs. More than 50% of the soil carbon is stored as soil organic matter (SOM). Several papers report about the SOM losses due to tillage and land-use change. On the other hand, a huge amount of papers focus on the environmental potential of various min-till, no-till and other techniques for regenerative agriculture. The change of the fertilization regime also has an influence on SOM so it also can influence the humus status of the soils. This presentation focuses on the effects of different kinds of fertilization and abandonment of arable lands on the quantity and quality of the SOM.<br>The present study is based on Martonvásár Experimental Station (Hungary) which was established in 1958. The research focused on maize monoculture with the following treatments: (a) no fertilization, (b) NPK, (c) NPK with manure addition. The soil of the plots is Chernozem. Two controls were selected: (a) a natural Grassland and a secondary grassland. The secondary grassland was an arable land until 1990. Five repetitions of soil samples were taken from each plot and times. Soils were fractionated to silt and clay associated OM (s+c), aggregate associated OM (S+A), dissolved organic matter (DOM) and particulate organic matter (POM) according to Zimmermann’s method (4). Quality parameters of the DOM were studied by CN analyser, UV-Vis spectrometer, spectrofluorometer, zetasizer and size exclusion chromatograph. Solid SOM fractions were studied by CHNS analyser, ATR-FTIR and DRIFT FTIR. The V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene obtained from the soil samples were sequenced on the Illuma platform for the description of microbial diversity.<br>Twenty years were enough to restore the natural SOM content of the soils (land-use change from arable land to grassland). Labile fractions of the SOM were higher in case of secondary than the primary grasslands. We have found differences in weight ratios of SOM fractions between fertilization regimes, as well. The proportion of microbial contribution to SOM were higher in the arable soils than the grasslands based on the C:N ratios of the SOM. However, the predominance of phyla Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteriodetes, Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia in all studied soils, microbial diversity is generally higher in the grasslands than in the arable plots. The DOM of different fertilization regimes and land uses have shown the most characteristic differences. The difference between arable plots (with various fertilization regimes) and grasslands can be characterized by humic substances (HS) with higher condensation degree and molecular mass. The application of manure has result same proportion of peptide-like components and HS with lower molecular as the DOM of grassland soils.<br>The microbial diversity of abandoned arable land remained similar to that of the arable lands over twenty years. The major part of the growth of SOM occurred in the labile fractions. The change of the fertilization regime also has limited potential to grow a total mass of SOM.<br>Support of the GINOP 2.3.2-15-2016-00056 and National Research, Development and Innovation Office under contracts K123953 are gratefully acknowledged.</p>

scholarly journals Dynamics of soil organic carbon in the steppes of Russia and Kazakhstan under past and future climate and land use

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Rolinski ◽  
Alexander V. Prishchepov ◽  
Georg Guggenberger ◽  
Norbert Bischoff ◽  
Irina Kurganova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
The Impact

AbstractChanges in land use and climate are the main drivers of change in soil organic matter contents. We investigated the impact of the largest policy-induced land conversion to arable land, the Virgin Lands Campaign (VLC), from 1954 to 1963, of the massive cropland abandonment after 1990 and of climate change on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in steppes of Russia and Kazakhstan. We simulated carbon budgets from the pre-VLC period (1900) until 2100 using a dynamic vegetation model to assess the impacts of observed land-use change as well as future climate and land-use change scenarios. The simulations suggest for the entire VLC region (266 million hectares) that the historic cropland expansion resulted in emissions of 1.6⋅ 1015 g (= 1.6 Pg) carbon between 1950 and 1965 compared to 0.6 Pg in a scenario without the expansion. From 1990 to 2100, climate change alone is projected to cause emissions of about 1.8 (± 1.1) Pg carbon. Hypothetical recultivation of the cropland that has been abandoned after the fall of the Soviet Union until 2050 may cause emissions of 3.5 (± 0.9) Pg carbon until 2100, whereas the abandonment of all cropland until 2050 would lead to sequestration of 1.8 (± 1.2) Pg carbon. For the climate scenarios based on SRES (Special Report on Emission Scenarios) emission pathways, SOC declined only moderately for constant land use but substantially with further cropland expansion. The variation of SOC in response to the climate scenarios was smaller than that in response to the land-use scenarios. This suggests that the effects of land-use change on SOC dynamics may become as relevant as those of future climate change in the Eurasian steppes.

Vegetation Effects on Soil Properties in the Monteagle Sandy Loam Series: Implications for Land‐use Change

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Neil
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
The Impact

Soil properties are strongly influenced by the composition of the surrounding vegetation. We investigated soil properties of three ecosystems; a coniferous forest, a deciduous forest and an agricultural grassland, to determine the impact of land use change on soil properties. Disturbances such as deforestation followed by cultivation can severely alter soil properties, including losses of soil carbon. We collected nine 40 cm cores from three ecosystem types on the Roebuck Farm, north of Perth Village, Ontario, Canada. Dominant species in each ecosystem included hemlock and white pine in the coniferous forest; sugar maple, birch and beech in the deciduous forest; grasses, legumes and herbs in the grassland. Soil pH varied little between the three ecosystems and over depth. Soils under grassland vegetation had the highest bulk density, especially near the surface. The forest sites showed higher cation exchange capacity and soil moisture than the grassland; these differences largely resulted from higher organic matter levels in the surface forest soils. Vertical distribution of organic matter varied greatly amongst the three ecosystems. In the forest, more of the organic matter was located near the surface, while in the grassland organic matter concentrations varied little with depth. The results suggest that changes in land cover and land use alters litter inputs and nutrient cycling rates, modifying soil physical and chemical properties. Our results further suggest that conversion of forest into agricultural land in this area can lead to a decline in soil carbon storage.

scholarly journals DAMPAK PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN PERTANIAN TERHADAP SOSIAL EKONOMI PETANI SEKITAR LOKASI PERTAMBANGAN BANYU URIP KECAMATAN GAYAM KABUPATEN BOJONEGORO

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Aziz Bahtiar Rifa’i ◽  
Fadjar Hari Mardiansjah
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of agricultural land use change into a petroleum mining area to farmers’ socioeconomic conditions around petroleum mining project area in Gayam District of Kabupaten Bojonegoro. The analyses used a mix method, using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative approach is used to determine the impact of agricultural land use change on the social and economic aspects with the respondent farmers were supported with a scoring method to determine the condition of socioeconomic vulnerability of farmers, while the qualitative approach carried out through in-depth interviews to some informants who have been affected by the project. The results shows that the presence of the petroleum mining industry has not had a positive impact yet on the farmers’ socioeconomic conditions. By the 700 hectares of agricultural land conversion, the agricultural production capacity of the area tends to decrease, including by the decreasing of the productivity of some agricultural land in a radius of 500 m from the fenceof the mining area as they are affected by the fence’s spotlight. The farmers' income also tends to decrease because of the decreasing of their working hours as the big loss of agricultural land in the area. As a result, many farmers should work outside of the area to search replacement of the arable land. These situations lead to a moderate condition of social and economic vulnerability for the farmers, especially for those who still have sufficient assets to meet the needs of their economic. 

Millennia-old carbon fluxes from degraded tropical peatland soils

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Evers ◽  
Thomas Smith ◽  
Mark Garnett ◽  
Selvakumar Dhandipani ◽  
Massimo Lupascu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Tropical Peatland ◽  
Agricultural Conversion ◽  
C Cycling ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Carbon

<p>Assessing the flux of carbon (C) from terrestrial ecosystems to the atmosphere represents a critical element of global carbon budgeting. In tropical peatlands this has been a fundamental part of assessing the impact of land use change on an ecosystem that represents a significant global carbon store, with peat accumulation being often many meters deep. These systems have formed over thousands of years as a function of incomplete decomposition of organic matter from water-logged swamp forests. However, intact tropical peat swamp forests (PSFs) are under increasing threat from agricultural conversion, deforestation, drainage practices and fires. The resultant alteration of the peat soil results in peat oxidation, increased rates of organic matter decomposition and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Consequently, these peats are reverting from C stores to sources.</p><p>Radiocarbon (<sup>14</sup>C) abundance can be used to assess C cycling rates in varied ecosystems and identify rapid or slow C turnover rates from years to centuries, as well as shifts in cycling rates – for example with land use or hydrological alteration. Within intact peatlands, deep peats generally contain an increasing abundance of <sup>14</sup>C depleted content due to radioactive decay, conversely, shallower peats are more abundant in recently produced organic litter enriched with “Bomb C”; derived from nuclear testing in the 1960s. Similarly, root derived organic matter and the associated root respiration (autotrophic respiration) also have signatures resembling recent atmospheres, whereas microbial respiration of soil organic matter (heterotrophic respiration) will resemble the mean age of the soil carbon being utilised by the microbial community, and as such can be a tracer for sources of carbon being decomposed. </p><p>Yet while an increasing body of knowledge exists on tropical peatland carbon flux rates or net ecosystem respiration in association with land-use change, these approaches fail to delineate the sources of carbon being used within the soil profile and thus fully address questions linked to changing carbon cycling rates with land use change.</p><p>Here we provide what we believe to be the first data on <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes from tropical peatland soils in relation to varying land use classes with the aim of determining if peats which were previously long-terms C stores are being utilised within short, fast C cycles and thus contributing to modern GHG budgets. CO<sub>2</sub> flux rates were measured using soil chambers and emitted CO<sub>2</sub> was subsequently trapped on a zeolite molecular sieve cartridge. An aliquot of the recovered CO<sub>2</sub> was graphitised and analysed for <sup>14</sup>C by accelerator mass spectrometry. Associated soil age profiles were also determined.</p><p>Results indicate significant fluxes of multi-millennia old carbon from peatlands under altered land use classes and clear evidence for a shift to C cycling speed, with previously long-term stored C contributing to modern C budgets. Result highlight the instability of the peat profile under altered land-use classes and minimal to no contribution of modern C from recently produced organic matter to these carbon budgets. Findings clearly indicate the unsustainability of these agricultural practices and the need for burn- and drain-free land-use strategies.</p>

Assessing the impact of land-use change for solar park development in the UK: implications for biodiversity and ecosystem services

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Carvalho ◽  
Alona Armstrong ◽  
Mark Ashby ◽  
Belinda Howell ◽  
Hannah Montag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Indicator Species ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Ipcc Report ◽  
The Impact

<p>According to the latest IPCC report, 70 to 85% of electricity generation worldwide will need to come from renewable sources of energy by 2050 if countries are to meet internationally agreed greenhouse gas emissions targets. In the rush to decarbonise energy supplies to meet such targets, solar parks (SPs) have proliferated around the world, with uncertain implications for the biodiversity and ecosystem service (ES) provision of hosting ecosystems. SPs necessitate significant land-use change that could disproportionately affect the local environment compared to other low-carbon sources.</p><p>In Britain, SPs are commonly built on intensive arable land and managed as grasslands. This offers both risks and opportunities for ecosystem health, yet evidence for assessing ecosystem consequences is scarce. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand how net environmental gains can be integrated into land-use change for solar energy development to address the current biodiversity and climate crises.</p><p>We used vegetation data from over 70 SPs and 50 countryside survey plots (1 km<sup>2</sup>) in England and Wales to assess the effects of land-use change for SPs on plant diversity and ES provision. We assessed ten habitat indicator variables (e.g., species richness, larval food plants, forage grasses, bird food plants) associated to functionally important plant species that have the potential to enhance ecosystem service delivery.</p><p>SPs showed higher diversity of habitat indicator species than arable land and improved grasslands, with vegetation between solar arrays showing higher numbers of species important for ES provision (e.g., N-fixing species important for nutrient cycling) than vegetation under solar panels. Overall, the diversity of habitat indicator species seemed highly dependent on former land-use, showing SPs have the potential to enhance ecosystem services provision if built on degraded agricultural land.</p><p>Developing this understanding will enable optimisation of SP design and management to ensure delivery of ecosystem co-benefits from this growing land-use.</p>

scholarly journals Do soil aggregates really protect encapsulated organic matter against microbial decomposition?

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc-O. Goebel ◽  
Susanne Woche ◽  
Jörg Bachmann
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Carbon Mineralization ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Labile Organic Matter ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Crushed Material ◽  
Microbial Decomposition ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSoil aggregates can provide an effective protection of organic matter against microbial decomposition as reported by several macroaggregate disruption studies. However, research on the role of aggregation for carbon mineralization was mainly focused on arable soils. In the present study we aim to clarify the impact of aggregation on organic matter protection by measuring carbon mineralization in terms of microbial respiration rates of intact macroaggregates (2–4 and 4–8 mm) and corresponding crushed aggregates from seven topsoil horizons from both arable and forest sites. For two arable and one forest soil we found a significantly (P < 0.001) lower carbon mineralization from intact aggregates as compared to the corresponding crushed material. The portion of aggregate protected carbon reached up to 30% for a grassland soil. For the other arable and forest soils no significant effect of aggregation was found. Similarly, no clear trend could be found for the protective capacity of different size fractions. We conclude that protection by aggregation is effective primarily for soils with a large pool of labile organic matter regardless of their usage as arable land or forest.

scholarly journals Application of <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C and <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N isotopic signatures of organic matter fractions sequentially separated from adjacent arable and forest soils to identify carbon stabilization mechanisms

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1985-1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. E. Kayler ◽  
M. Kaiser ◽  
A. Gessler ◽  
R. H. Ellerbrock ◽  
M. Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Land Use Type ◽  
Mineral Surfaces ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Binding Mechanisms ◽  
Arable Land Use

Abstract. Identifying the chemical mechanisms behind soil carbon bound in organo-mineral complexes is necessary to determine the degree to which soil organic carbon is stabilized belowground. We used the δ13C and δ15N isotopic signatures from two organic matter (OM) fractions from soil to identify the likely binding mechanisms involved. We used OM fractions hypothesized to contain carbon stabilized through organo-mineral complexes: (1) OM separated chemically with sodium pyrophosphate (OM(PY)) and (2) OM stabilized in microstructures found in the chemical extraction residue (OM(ER)). Furthermore, because the OM fractions were separated from five different soils with paired forest and arable land use histories, we could address the impact of land use change on carbon binding and processing mechanisms within these soils. We used partial least squares regression to analyze patterns in the isotopic signature of OM with established proxies of different binding mechanisms. Parsing soil OM into different fractions is a systematic method of dissection, however, we are primarily interested in how OM is bound in soil as a whole, requiring a means of re-assembly. Thus, we implemented the recent zonal framework described by Kleber et al. (2007) to relate our findings to undisturbed soil. The δ15N signature of OM fractions served as a reliable indicator for microbial processed carbon in both arable and forest land use types. The δ13C signature of OM fractions in arable sites did not correlate well with proxies of soil mineral properties while a consistent pattern of enrichment was seen in the δ13C of OM fractions in the forest sites. We found a significant difference in δ13C of pooled OM fractions between the forest and arable land use type although it was relatively small (<1‰). We found different binding mechanisms predominate in each land use type. The isotopic signatures of OM fractions from arable soils were highly related to the clay and silt size particles amount while organic matter not directly bound to mineral surfaces in the contact zone was involved in cation bonding with Ca. In forest soils, we found a relationship between isotopic signatures of OM(PY) and the ratio of soil organic carbon content to soil surface area (SOC/SSA). For arable soils, the formation of OM(PY)-Ca-mineral associations seems to be a relevant OM stabilization mechanism while the OM(PY) of forest soils seems to be separated from layers of slower exchange not directly attached to mineral surfaces. This means there is a potential to build multiple OM layers on mineral particles in the arable soil and thus the potential for carbon accumulation.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF LAND USE CHANGE IN INNER MONGOLIA REGION FROM 1978 TO 2018 BASED ON REMOTE SENSING

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B3-2020 ◽  
pp. 745-749
Author(s):  
W. Qu ◽  
Y. Yao ◽  
Z. Pang ◽  
J. Lu ◽  
K. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Unused Land ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Land use change is an important theme of the research on the impact of human interaction on global change. In this paper, two phases of land use data were interpretated from remote sensing images of 1978 and 2018, and the spatial-temporal characteristics of land use change in China's Inner Mongolia Region from 1978 to 2018 were analyzed. The results indicated that grasslands and arable land are mainly distributed in the central and eastern region of Inner Mongolia, forest land are mainly distributed in the eastern region, and unused land is mainly distributed in the western region. From 1978 to 2018, the area of arable land in Inner Mongolia decreased by 9,000 km2, forest land increased by 900 km2, and the area of grassland decreased by 1,400 km2. Urban and rural, industrial mines, and residential land continued to increase with an area of 7,800 km2; and unused land increased by an area of 11,500 km2. It was indicated that after 40 years of development, land use in urban and rural areas, industrial mines, and residential areas caused by human activities in the Inner Mongolia Region has increased significantly. At the same time, the policy of returning farmland to forests to protect the environment has achieved significant results.

Improved biodiversity from food to energy: Meta-analysis of land-use change to dedicated bioenergy crops

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caspar Donnison ◽  
Robert Holland ◽  
Zoe Harris ◽  
Felix Eigenbrod ◽  
Gail Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Bioenergy Crops ◽  
Amenity Value ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;Whilst dedicated bioenergy crops with non-food uses are currently sparsely deployed across the world, most future energy pathways necessitate a sizeable scale-up of 100-500 million ha of land converted to these crops to provide both energy substitutes for fossil fuels and negative emissions through bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS). In the face of expected bioenergy expansion, understanding the environmental and societal impact of this land-use change is important in determining where and how bioenergy crops should be deployed, and the trade-offs and co-benefits to the environment and society. Here we review the existing literature on two difficult to measure impacts which could prove critical to the future wide-scale acceptability of global bioenergy cropping in the temperate environment: biodiversity and amenity value. We focus on agricultural landscapes, since this is where large-scale bioenergy planting may be required. A meta-analysis of 42 studies on the biodiversity impacts of land-use change from either arable and grassland to bioenergy crops found strong benefits for bird abundance (+ 109 % &amp;#177; 24 %), bird species richness (+ 100 % &amp;#177; 31 %), arthropod abundance (+ 299 % &amp;#177; 76 %), microbial biomass (+ 77 % &amp;#177; 24 %), and plant species richness (+ 25 % &amp;#177; 22 %) and a non-significant upward trend in earthworm abundance. Land-use change from arable land led to particularly strong benefits, providing an insight into how future land-use change to bioenergy crops could support biodiversity. Evidence concerning the impact of bioenergy crops on landscape amenity value highlighted the importance of landscape context, planting strategies, and landowner motivations in determining amenity values, with few generalizable conclusions. In this first meta-analysis to quanitfy the impacts of land-use change to bioenergy on on biodiversity and amenity, &amp;#160;we have demonsrated &amp;#160;improved farm-scale biodiversity on agricultural land but also demonstrated the lack of knowledge concerning public response to bioenergy crops which could prove crucial to the political feasibility of bioenergy policies such as BECCS.&lt;/p&gt;

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