Antimicrobial Resistance, Genetic Diversity and Virulence Genes of Salmonella Typhimurium Isolated in Infant with Acute Diarrhea in Fuzhou, China, 2015 - 2017

Salmonella is an important cause of foodborne diseases. This study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence, serotype distribution, antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes, and genetic diversity of Salmonella isolates recovered from fresh duck meat obtained from retail markets in Southern China. In total, 365 samples of fresh duck meat were collected from retail markets in six different cities of Guangdong Province between May 2017 and April 2019. High levels of Salmonella contamination were detected in duck meat (151/365, 41.4%). Twenty-six different Salmonella serotypes were identified: S. Corvallis (n = 25, 16.6%), S. Kentucky (n = 22, 14.6%) and S. Agona (n = 20, 13.3%) were the most prevalent serotypes. All isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic and 133 (88.1%) isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR). Most (86.1%) Salmonella isolates carried seven classes of virulence-associated genes. This study showed the diversity of Salmonella serotypes and genotypes and the high prevalence of MDR isolates carrying multiple virulence-associated genes among isolates from duck meat obtained from retail markets in Southern China. Isolates from different districts had similar pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns indicating that circulating foodborne Salmonella constitutes a potential public health issue across different districts.

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Corrigendum: Bacillus cereus Isolated From Vegetables in China: Incidence, Genetic Diversity, Virulence Genes, and Antimicrobial Resistance

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2020.00848 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Pengfei Yu ◽

Shubo Yu ◽

Juan Wang ◽

Hui Guo ◽

Ying Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Virulence Genes

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Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles, Virulence Genes, and Genetic Diversity of Thermophilic Campylobacter Species Isolated From a Layer Poultry Farm in Korea

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.622275 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Noel Gahamanyi ◽

Dae-Geun Song ◽

Kye-Yoon Yoon ◽

Leonard E. G. Mboera ◽

Mecky I. Matee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

South Korea ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Campylobacter Coli ◽

Poultry Farm ◽

Virulence Potential ◽

Chicken Feces ◽

High Level

Thermophilic Campylobacter species are among the major etiologies of bacterial enteritis globally. This study aimed at assessing the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles, virulence genes, and genetic diversity of thermophilic Campylobacter species isolated from a layer poultry farm in South Korea. One hundred fifty-three chicken feces were collected from two layer poultry farms in Gangneung, South Korea. The Campylobacter species were isolated by cultural techniques, while PCR and sequencing were used for species confirmation. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for six antimicrobials [ciprofloxacin (CIP), nalidixic acid (NAL), sitafloxacin (SIT), erythromycin (ERY), tetracycline (TET), and gentamicin (GEN)] was carried out by broth microdilution. Three AMR and nine virulence genes were screened by PCR. Genotyping was performed by flaA-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Of the 153 samples, Campylobacter spp. were detected in 55 (35.9%), with Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli being 49 (89.1%) and six (10.9%), respectively. High-level resistance was observed for CIP (100%), NAL (100%), and TET (C. jejuni, 93.9%; C. coli: 83.3%). No resistance was observed for SIT. The missense mutation (C257T) in gyrA gene was confirmed by sequencing, while the tet(O) gene was similar to known sequences in GenBank. The rate of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains was 8.2%, and they all belonged to C. jejuni. All Campylobacter isolates possessed five virulence genes (cdtB, cstII, flaA, cadF, and dnaJ), but none possessed ggt, while the rates for other genes (csrA, ciaB, and pldA) ranged between 33.3 and 95.9%. The flaA-RFLP yielded 26 flaA types (C. jejuni: 21 and C. coli: five), while the MLST showed 10 sequence types (STs) for C. jejuni and three STs for C. coli, with CC-607 (STs 3611) and CC-460 (ST-460) being predominant. Among the 10 STs of C. jejuni, three were newly assigned. The findings of this study highlight the increased resistance to quinolones and TET, the virulence potential, and the diverse genotypes among Campylobacter strains isolated from the layer poultry farm.

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Investigating the Meat Pathway as a Source of Human Nontyphoidal Salmonella Bloodstream Infections and Diarrhea in East Africa

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciaa1153 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

John A Crump ◽

Kate M Thomas ◽

Jackie Benschop ◽

Matthew A Knox ◽

David A Wilkinson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

East Africa ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Diarrheal Disease ◽

Bloodstream Infections ◽

Human Infection ◽

Poultry Meat ◽

Produce Water

Abstract Background Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium are major causes of bloodstream infection and diarrheal disease in East Africa. Sources of human infection, including the role of the meat pathway, are poorly understood. Methods We collected cattle, goat, and poultry meat pathway samples from December 2015 through August 2017 in Tanzania and isolated Salmonella using standard methods. Meat pathway isolates were compared with nontyphoidal serovars of Salmonella enterica (NTS) isolated from persons with bloodstream infections and diarrheal disease from 2007 through 2017 from Kenya by core genome multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST). Isolates were characterized for antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes, and diversity. Results We isolated NTS from 164 meat pathway samples. Of 172 human NTS isolates, 90 (52.3%) from stool and 82 (47.7%) from blood, 53 (30.8%) were Salmonella Enteritidis sequence type (ST) 11 and 62 (36.0%) were Salmonella Typhimurium ST313. We identified cgMLST clusters within Salmonella Enteritidis ST11, Salmonella Heidelberg ST15, Salmonella Typhimurium ST19, and Salmonella II 42:r:- ST1208 that included both human and meat pathway isolates. Salmonella Typhimurium ST313 was isolated exclusively from human samples. Human and poultry isolates bore more antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes and were less diverse than isolates from other sources. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the meat pathway may be an important source of human infection with some clades of Salmonella Enteritidis ST11 in East Africa, but not of human infection by Salmonella Typhimurium ST313. Research is needed to systematically examine the contributions of other types of meat, animal products, produce, water, and the environment to nontyphoidal Salmonella disease in East Africa.

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