scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact of Varying Durations of Computer Usage on Dry Eye Parameters in Employees of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of Uttar Pradesh, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar Jain ◽  
Dadan JI Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Computer Usage ◽  
P Value ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Dry eye (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) is a common disorder of the tear film having multifactorial aetiology. Now-a-days, a large portion of population is affected with Dry Eye Disease (DED) because of substantial increase in usage of computers and digital devices. Aim: To evaluate the effect of varying durations of computer usage on parameters of DED. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, total 120 participants were divided into two groups. Group I (n=58) included participants who used computer daily for less than six hours while group II (n=62) included those who used computer for more than six hours daily. Routine eye examination was done and dry eye parameters i.e., Ocular Surface Diseases Index (OSDI), Schirmer Test (ST) and Tear Film Break Up Time (TFBUT) were performed and analysed for any significant difference between groups I and II using unpaired t-test. SPSS 16.0 was used and p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Pearson’s correlation test was performed to analyse correlation of OSDI score with TFBUT and ST values. Results: Mean OSDI scores in group I and group II were 37.39±8.98 and 49.54±11.7 (p<0.001), respectively; while TFBUT values were 10.19±2.27 seconds and 8.12±2.9 seconds (p<0.001), respectively. ST values were 12.82±3.32 mm in group I and 10.80±3.86 mm in group II (p=0.0027). Significant inverse correlation between OSDI score and TFBUT values was found in both group I (r=-0.557, p<0.001) and group II (r=-0.439, p<0.001). Similarly, correlation of OSDI score with ST values in group I (r=-0.787, p<0.001) and group II (r=-0.320, p=0.011) was also inversely significant. On the basis of OSDI score, 38 (65.5%) participants in group I and 54 (87.08%) participants in group II had severe dry eye. According to TFBUT values 12 (20.68%) participants in group I and 29 (46.77%) participants in group II and as per ST values 17 (29.31%) participants in group I and 30 (48.38%) participants in group II had severe dry eye. Conclusion: Usage of computer or digital displays more than six hours per day is a potential cause for the development of severe DED.

scholarly journals A Prospective Randomized Comparative Study to Evaluate the Effect of Once Daily Dose of Tadalafil (5 mg) vs. On-Demand Tadalafil (10 mg) on International Index for Erectile Function (IIEF) Score

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (46) ◽  
pp. 2694-2699
Author(s):  
N. Imdad Ali ◽  
Paresh Sankhe ◽  
Ravishankar T.H.S
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
P Value ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Tertiary Care Medical Center ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

BACKGROUND Erectile dysfunction is a common condition affecting middle and old age men throughout the world. Tadalafil is preferred by many urologists as well as patients because of its long half-life. Tadalafil on demand was compared with daily dosing in many studies. We wanted to conduct the study in south India at a tertiary care medical center to study the effect of tadalafil daily (5 mg) vs. on demand (10 mg) and check its efficacy with the IIEF scoring system. METHODS Patients were randomised into two groups using simple randomization chit box method. Allocation concealments was done by sealed enveloped method. Before starting treatment IIEF scoring was done for both groups. Group A was given once-daily 5 mg tadalafil. The group B was given 10 mg tadalafil before sexual activity. All patients under either of the two medication regimens for a period of 12 wks. and assessment done at 4 wks. and 12 wks. interval. Both the patient and the examiner was blinded to the randomisation of the subjects. Scoring scale is 1 to 30 which is divided into five groups of sever, moderate, mild to moderate, mild, and no dysfunction for score of 0 - 10, 11 - 16, 17 - 21, 22 - 25, and 26 - 30 respectively. RESULTS Tadalafil 5 mg OD has statistically significant better result when compared with IIEF score after 4 wks. with percentage improvement of 21.12 % when compared to baseline, with a P value of < 0.0001. In group II tadalafil 10 mg on demand shows statistically significant results when IIEF score baseline was compared with that after 4 wks. When group I compared with group II for mean difference of score after 4 wks. group I shows statistically significant improvement with P value 0.017 (< 0.05). When compared with score after 16 wks. with baseline both group I and II shows statistically significant improvement in IIEF score. But group I which shows mean difference in score of 5.40 (42.05 % improvement from baseline) is a statistically significant difference (p value - 0.0001) when compared to group II which shows mean difference of score at 16 wks. as 2.73 (20.71 % improvement from baseline). CONCLUSIONS Tadalafil 5 mg daily provides significant increase in IIEF score as compared to on demand 10 mg tadalafil. We need longer duration of study the side effects in each group. KEYWORDS Tadalafil, IIEF, Once a Day, On Demand, Erectile Dysfunction

scholarly journals Xerosis meter-an electro-physiological device for quick screening of dry eyes

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Gupta ◽  
M Gupta ◽  
R Maheshwari ◽  
T Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Schirmer Test ◽  
Schirmer’S Test ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Break Up ◽  
Group Ii

Aim: To study the role of ‘Xerosis Meter' in screening of dry eye cases in a large population and compare its results with Schirmer's test and tear break-up time. Materials and method: In a cross sectional study with a control group dry eye was evaluated with Xerosis Meter, Schirmer test and tear film break-up time (TBUT). Cases included in the study were divided into two groups. Group I (Control Group) comprised of asymptomatic patients while Group II (Test Group) had patients showing symptoms and signs of dry eye. The Group II was further divided into two subgroups. Group IIa had cases showing positive result with either of the two tests Schirmer test or TBUT. Group IIb had cases which showed positive results with Xerosis Meter but normal results with the other two tests. Statistics: All the observations were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 11.5 software. The results obtained were compared statistically using unpaired t-test and chi-square test. The p value of < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the means of Xerosis Meter, Schirmer test and TBUT of the two groups: Group I and Group IIa (p value < 0.001). On comparing Group I and Group IIb the difference was found to be statistically significant with Xerosis Meter (p value < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of Xerosis Meter were 85.7% and 80.2% respectively. This was higher than that of the Schirmer's test (81.3% and 74.9%) and TBUT (73.2% and 68.7%). Conclusion: The "Xerosis Meter" is an effective alternate in screening of dry eye cases. It is more effective than the TBUT and as effective as the Schirmer's test in detecting both the normal and dry eye patients. DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v1i2.3687 Nep J Oph 2009;1(2):123-128

scholarly journals Impact of hemodialysis on the wellbeing of chronic kidney diseases patients: a pre-post analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Um-e-Kalsoom ◽  
Sabiha Khan ◽  
Israr Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Hemodialysis may have serious psychological impact upon patients suffering from chronic kidney diseases. The aim of the present study is to investigate the impact of hemodialysis on the wellbeing of individuals with chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Result A sample consists of (N = 100) CKD patients referred from neurology ward of Leady Reading Hospital Peshawar. Data was collected from both male (50%) and female (50%) in 2017. Participants were divided into two groups on the basis of pre-set criteria. In group I, individuals with 4–5 stage of CKD referred first time for dialysis treatment were recruited. Group II comprised of CKD patients with 1–3 stage. Demographic data sheet, Pakistan Anxiety and Depression, WHO Quality of Life scale, and Perceived Social support scale (PSS) were used to test the hypotheses. Paired sample t test was use to see the difference between pre- and post-analysis of depression, anxiety, QOL, and PSS in group I (experimental group). Results suggests significant difference on depression (p > .001), anxiety (p > .001), and QOL (p > .001), while no significant difference was reported on perceived social support (p <.673). Findings also indicate no significant difference between group I and group II on QOL depression, anxiety, and PSS. Conclusion The findings concluded that patients under hemodialysis treatment suffered from depression, anxiety, and poor quality of life.

scholarly journals Transport Factors Affecting the Outcome of Referred Neonates Admitted in A Tertiary Care Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhabi Baidya ◽  
Mahfuza Shirin ◽  
Liton Chandra Saha
Keyword(s):  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neonatal Transport ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Adequate neonatal transport is a key component of care of the sick newborns who require referral to tertiary care center. Poor transportation is one of the iatrogenic factors associated with greater neonatal mortality. Neonatal transport is the greatest challenge faced today in our country. The purpose of this study was to find out characteristics of transport of referred neonates and to idention the factors that contribute to mortality.Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital from June 2013 to November 2013. Both term and preterm neonates who were referred within first seven days of life were included and those with gross congenital abnormalities and left against medical advice were excluded from the study. After enrollment, data were collected using a structured questionnaire including birth details, interventions before transportation, reasons for referral, and details of transportation. Outcome & duration of hospital stay were also recorded. Neonates who were expired considered as group I and who were survived considered as group II. The study variables were analyzed for their association with immediate outcome by applying chi square test and t test. P value <0.05 was considered significant.Results: This study found that out of 332 neonates 181 were expired with 54.5% mortality rate. One eighty one neonates who were expired, considered as group I and one fifty one neonate were survived, considered as group II. The mortality was significantly high in male neonates [RR 0.80 (0.66-0.97)] and neonates those delivered at home [RR 1.34(1.10-1.64)] (p<0.05). Perinatal asphyxia, pre-term low birth weight, neonatal sepsis were the main causes of referral. It was found that transportation without any referral note [RR 1.40 (1.14- 1.71)], no advice regarding maintenance of airway[RR 1.50(1.17- 1.92)]and keeping warm [RR 1.51(1.17-1.950], resuscitation on admission [RR 1.63(1.23-2.17)] and transportation required > 3hours [RR 1.36(1.09-1.69)] were associated with significantly higher mortality among referred transported neonates(p<0.05).Conclusions: This study found that male neonates, home delivery, transportation without any referral note, no advice regarding maintenance of airway and keeping warm, resuscitation needed on admission and prolonged transportation time were significantly associated with mortality of referred transported neonates.Bangladesh J Child Health 2017; VOL 41 (3) :159-164

scholarly journals Results of modern tuboperitoneal infertility treatment

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drenka Turjacanin-Pantelic ◽  
Dragana Bojovic-Jovic ◽  
Biljana Arsic ◽  
Eliana Garalejic
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Infertility Treatment ◽  
P Value ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

Background/Aim. A modern approach to surgical treatment of tuboperitoneal infertility is based on laporascopic techniques. The aim of this study was to compare results of tuboperitoneal infertility treatment by the use of laparoscopy and classical laparotomy. Methods. A retrospectiveprospective study on 66 women treated operatively form tuboperitoneal infertility was performed. Data from patient's anamnesis and those related to the surgical treatment results, obtained by the use of an inquiry, were used in retrospective and prospective analysis, respectively. Chi-square test was used in statistical analysis. P value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results. Classical laparotomy was used on 34 women in a period from 1996 to 1997, while 32 women were operated laparoscopically in a period from 1999 to 2000. The results were as follows: a total number of conceived women was 16 (24%), seven in the group I (20.6%) and nine in the group II (28.1%); 13 women were with one pregnancy, six in the group I (17.6%) and seven in the group II (22%). Twice pregnant were three women, one in the group I (2.9%) and two in the group II (6.2%). The resulting pregnancies were: five women with abortion spontaneous, two in the group I (5.9%) and three in the group II (9.4%); two women with extrauterine pregnancy in the group I (5.9%); three with pretemporal birth, one in the group I (2.9%) and two in the group II (6.2%), while six women were with the temporal birth, two in the group I (5.9%) and four in the group II (12.5%). Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the results between these two groups. Conclusion. Surgical treatment of tubeperitoneal infertility, regardless of the used methods (classical laparotomy or laparoscopy) was successful in a great number of women. These methods have a great advantage over in vitro fertilization, and they should not be ignored.

scholarly journals Cyanotic congenital heart disease: Impact on growth and endocrine functions.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1477-1483
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sohail Arshad ◽  
Waqas Imran Khan ◽  
Arif Zulqarnain ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Anwar-ul-Haq ◽  
Mudasser Adnan
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Pulmonary Stenosis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
P Value ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To find out the impact of Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease (CCHD) on growth and endocrine functions at a tertiary care child healthcare facility of South Punjab. Study Design: Case Control study. Setting: Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Institute of Child’s Health (ICH), Multan, Pakistan. Period: December 2018 to March 2020. Material & Methods: During the study period, a total of 53 cases of Echocardiography confirmed CCHD were registered. Along with 53 cases, 50 controls during the study period were also enrolled. Height, weight, body mass index (BMI) along with hormonal and biochemical laboratory investigations were done. Results: There was no significant difference between gender and age among cases and controls (p value>0.05). Most common diagnosis of CCHD among cases, 24 (45.3%) were Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) followed by 9 (17.0%) transposition of the great arteries (TGA) with Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) with Pulmonary Stenosis (PS). Mean weight of CCHD cases was significantly lower in comparison to controls (21.19+6.24 kg vs. 26.48+8.1 kg, p value=0.0003). Blood glucose was significantly lower among cases in comparison to controls (77.58+14.58 mg/dl vs. 87.25+11.82 mg/dl, p value=0.0004). No significant difference was found in between cases and controls in terms of various hormone levels studied (p value>0.05) except Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) levels (p value<0.0001). Conclusion: Children with cyanotic congenital heart disease seem to have negative effects on nutrition and growth. Change in pituitary-adrenal axis is suspected while pituitary-thyroid axis seemed to be working fine among CCHD cases. Serum glucose and IGF-1 levels were significantly decreased among CCHD cases.

scholarly journals Limb Salvage in Early Versus Delayed Revascularization of Acute Lower Limb Ischemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2239-2241
Author(s):  
Salman Jamil Noor ◽  
Nauman Imtiaz ◽  
Wishal Shaukat ◽  
Athar Abbas Gilani ◽  
Palwasha Shahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limb Salvage ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Limb Ischemia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Limb Salvage Rate ◽  
Lower Limb Ischemia ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Salvage Rate

Aim: To compare the limb salvage rate in early versus late presenting patients of Rutherford class IIB acute lower extremity ischemia undergoing revascularization. Study Design: Comparative/observational study Place and duration of study: Department of Surgery, CMH Peshawar from January 2019 to March 2021 Methodology: Twenty eight patients of both genders with ages 20 to 70 years presented with Rutherford class IIB acute lower limb ischemia were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into two groups. Group I (presented after 6 hours of onset of symptoms) consisted of 20 patients and group II (presented within 6 hours of onset of symptoms) consisted of 8 patients. All the patients underwent femoral embolectomy. Limb salvage rate between both groups was examined at postoperative 3rd month. Data was analyzed by SPSS 24.0. P-value <0.05 was taken as significant. Results: There were 16(80%) male and 4(20%) females with mean age 50.52±11.74 years in group I, in group II 6(75%) were male and 2(25%) were females with mean age 50.08±10.94 years. No significant difference was observed between both groups regarding age and gender with p-value >0.05. In group I, limb salvage found in 19(95%) patients while in group II limb salvage found in 5(62.5%) patients, a significant difference was observed regarding limb salvage rate between both groups (p-value <0.05). Mortality rate was high in group II (delayed presentation) as compared to group I (12.5% Vs 0%) with p-value <0.05. Conclusion: The limb salvage rate was high in early presenting patients than late presenting patients with a significant difference. 30 days mortality rate and amputation rate were significantly high in delayed presentation as compared to early presented cases. Keywords: Acute lower limb ischemia, revascularization, limb salvage

scholarly journals Sildenafil Citrate Versus Nifedipine and Dydrogesreone in Prevention of Preterm Labor with Short Cervix

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Abd El-Naser Abd El-Gaber Ali ◽  
Khaled M Abdallah ◽  
Ahmed Abdelhamid
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Preterm Labor ◽  
Cervical Length ◽  
Sildenafil Citrate ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
P Value ◽  
Short Cervix ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Prevention of the premature birth occurrence remains is considered one of the most tough challenges for obstetricians worldwide, mainly to avoid neonatal prematurity complications leading to short and long term morbidities additionally prematurity prevention will reduce premature neonatal mortality rates which is considered a major health concern of obstetricians, neonatologists and families. Objective: To compare and contrast the efficacy of Sildenafil citrate, Nifedipine and Dydrogesrone in prevention of premature labor in gestations with short cervix. Setting: Obstetrics & Gynecology Departments, Faculties of medicine, south Valley and Al-Azhar (Asyut) Universities, Egypt. Duration: from September 2014 to March 2018. Patients And Methds: the study was conducted on 300 pregnant women who randomly divided into three groups: Group I included 100 cases received Sildenafil citrate (Respatio tablet 20mg twice daily orally), Group II included 100 cases received Nifedipine (Epilat retard tablets 20mg twice daily orally) and Group III included 100 pregnant women received dydrogesreone 10 mg (Duphaston) twice daily orally. Results: incidence of preterm labor was (9.37, 8.51 and 14.28) in (Group I, Group II and Group II) respectively. Mean ± SD of cervical length at 32 weeks of gestation was mildly statistically significant among groups (p value <0.05) but no significance in neonatal outcome (p value >0.05) except birth weight which had a highly statistically significant difference (p value < 0.001). There was a highly statistically significant difference among studied groups as regard to drug side effects in (p value <0.001). Conclusion: Sildenafil citrate was as effective as Nifedipine and better than oral Dydrogesterone on myometrial relaxation and prevention of preterm birth in pregnant women who had short cervix.

scholarly journals Short and Long-Term Follow up Results of Daily 5 Mg Tadalafil as a Treatment for Erectile Dysfunction and Premature Ejaculation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek Gharib ◽  
Ibrahim Abdelal ◽  
Adel Elatreisy ◽  
Elsayed Salih ◽  
Ahmed Sebaey
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Premature Ejaculation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract Objective: To evaluate effectiveness and safety of a 5mg tadalafil daily treatment for men with erectile dysfunction (ED) and premature ejaculation (PE) and assessment of long-term follow up by persistence of improvement 2 years after stoppage of tadalafil.Materials and Methods: The study included 160 patients diagnosed with erectile dysfunction from April 2018 to June 2020. All were evaluated using the international index of erectile function questionnaire-5 (IIEF-5) to evaluate ED and intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) for PE. Patients subdivided into two equal groups. I included 80 patients treated with tadalafil 5 mg daily for 3 months, and group II included 80 patients treated with a placebo for same period. After 3 months treatment and 2 years later after stoppage of tadalafil, all patients were assessed for ED and PE using the same questionnaires. Results: The mean IELT and IIEF pretreatment were 37±11.24 s and 13.2±4.2 respectively for group I, while in group II was 35.98±10.8 s and 13.12±4.11, respectively. After 3 months of treatment, the mean value of IELT in group I showed a highly significant improvement from 37±11.24 sec to 120.5±47.37 sec (p-value < 0.001), but for group II, the mean values of IELT showed no significant improvement from baseline 35.98±10.8 to endpoint 39.43±13.6 ( p-value > 0.05). As regarding the IIEF, there was a highly significant improvement from baseline 13.2±4.2 to endpoint 20.45±4.5 in group I (p-value < 0.001) while there was no significant difference in group II from baseline 13.12±4.11 to endpoint 15±4.84 (p-value > 0.05) . 2 years later after stoppage of tadalafil , 75 patients from group I complete follow up and there was significant improvement in IELT and IIEF form base line (37±11.24) (13.2±4.2) to endpoint (98±18.3) (19.1±2.3) respectively but less than the results after 3 months treatment.ConclusionDaily Tadalafil 5 mg was effective, tolerable, and safe treatment for patients suffering from ED and PE. Long-term follow up after 2 years declared persistence of significant improvement.

scholarly journals Comparison of tolterodine and Solifancine in treatment of female with overactive bladder

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2138
Author(s):  
Nermeen Mohamed Hefila ◽  
Tamer Mamdouh And el dayem ◽  
Hisham Adel Elfazari
Keyword(s):  
Overactive Bladder ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Detrusor Muscle ◽  
Urinary Urgency ◽  
Urinary Frequency ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Group 1

Background: OAB (overactive bladder) is primarily a neuromuscular problem in which the detrusor muscle contracts inappropriately during bladder filling (i.e., storage phase). These contractions often occur regardless of the amount of urine in the bladder. The aim of this work is to study the effect of Solifenacin in comparison to Tolterodine in treatment of females with idiopathic over active bladder.Methods: This study included 50 patients who presented between March 2020 and February2021 to the outpatients clinic at El-Shatby maternity Hospital, Alexandria university. The patients were complaining of urinary urgency usually with urinary frequency, nocturia with or without urge incontinence. All cases were divided in two groups one of them receive Solifenacin5mg twice daily and the otherreceiveTolterodine2mg twice daily.Results: Both groups showed significant decrease in frequency number per day with p value <0.001ingroup I with Solifenacin which mean statistically significant difference between two groups. When the percentage of symptoms severity were compared between both groups, group 1 showed 53% reduction in symptoms severity while group II showed 6.67% reduction which cleared significant difference statistically in group I (p=0.001). The percentage of reduction of severity of symptoms was compared between the two groups, it showed about 60%reduction in symptoms severity in group 1while in group II only 9.7% reduction. This was statistically significant with (p<0.001) in group I with Solifenacin.Conclusions: This study suggests that Solifenacin10mg/day is more effective than Tolterodine4mg/day in reducing OAB incontinence episodes.

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