scholarly journals Susceptibility of Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus to Ceftaroline

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harsha Sreedharan ◽  
KB Asha Pai
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital

Introduction: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) infection is a major global healthcare problem, the prevalence of which varies from 25-50% in India. It is known to cause Skin and Soft tissue Infections (SSI), endovascular infections, endocarditis, pneumonia, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, and sepsis. Vancomycin is the drug of choice for treating severe MRSA infections. Ceftaroline, a fifth-generation cephalosporin has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) for treating acute bacterial SSI caused by susceptible micro-organisms including MRSA, Community acquired respiratory tract infection, MRSA bacteremia and endocarditis. Aim: To assess the susceptibility of clinical isolates of S. aureusto ceftaroline, in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology of a Tertiary Care Hospital over a period of two months from June 2019 to July 2019. S.aureus isolates from various clinical samples were screened for methicillin resistance by disc diffusion method using cefoxitin disc and ceftaroline susceptibility of these isolates was assessed by E-strip method. The isolates were classified as ceftaroline susceptible, Susceptibility Dose Dependent (SDD) and ceftaroline resistant respectively as per CLSI guidelines. A descriptive analysis of the data was done and the results were presented as frequencies and percentages. Results: All the S.aureus isolates were found to be susceptible to ceftaroline. Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus(MSSA) isolates had lower Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) when compared to MRSA. The highest MIC among MRSA was 0.5 μg/mL. Conclusion: Ceftaroline can be considered as an effective alternative for treatment of infections caused by MRSA.

scholarly journals Detection of inducible clindamycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus from various samples in a tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4696
Author(s):  
Rohit Kumar ◽  
Jagarti . ◽  
Mrinmoy Sarma ◽  
Gautam Shalini
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance

Background: The increasing frequency of MRSA infections and rapidly changing patterns in antimicrobial resistance, led to renewed interest in the usage of Macrolides-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B (MLSB) antibiotics to treat Staphylococcus aureus infection. Clindamycin is an important drug used in the treatment of MRSA and MSSA infection. The aim of this study was to determine inducible and constitutive clindamycin resistance among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus by D-test.Methods: During a period of 6 months from July 2018 to December 2018, a total of 100 Staphylococcus aureus isolated from different clinical samples were subjected to routine antibiotic sensitivity testing by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Methicillin-resistance was determined by using the cefoxitin (30 µg) disc. Incidence of MLSBc and MLSBi in Staphylococcus aureus isolates by D-test as per CLSI guidelines.Results: Out of 100 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus obtained from 350 clinical samples, 70(70%) were found to be MRSA and 30(30%) were MSSA. Among 100 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 40% isolates showed MLSBi resistance, 28% isolates showed MLSBc resistance, 6% isolates showed MS phenotype and 26% isolates showed Sensitive phenotype. MLSBc and MLSBi were found to be higher in MRSA as compared to MSSA (21%, 27% and 7%, 10% respectively). All clinical isolates showed 100% sensitivity to Vancomycin and Linezolid in routine antibiotic susceptibility testing.Conclusions: Continuous surveillance of the MLSB resistance is important and required before the prescription of clindamycin to treat MRSA infections.

scholarly journals PROFILE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS ADMITTED IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO METHICILLIN RESISTANCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Asmita Singh ◽  
Anita Pandey ◽  
Amit Singh ◽  
Priyanka Chaturvedi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Level

BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that causes wide range of clinical infections. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) is endemic in India and is a dangerous pathogen causing hospital acquired infection leadings to signicant morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE:To study the prole of Staphylococcus aureusisolated from patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital. RESULT: Majority of clinical isolates of S.aurueswas obtained from patients of skin and soft tissue infection(54.66%) followed by those suffering from respiratory infection (13.33%), blood stream infection (13.33%) and UTI(8%). S.aureus was predominantly isolated from IPD samples, maximum cases were in the age group of 31-40 years and males outnumbered females. There was predominance of MRSA 112 (74.66%)which showed high level of resistance to penicillin (100%), ciprooxacin (82.14 %), co-trimoxazole (79.46%) and moxioxacin(85.71%). All the clinical isolates of S.aureuswere sensitive to linezolid andvancomycin (MIC <1ugm/ml). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical isolates of S.aureusshowed high level of resistance to various antimicrobial agents which is a signicant nosocomial threat. Surveillance and infection control practices should be carried out to prevent cross transmission of such resistant pathogen within the hospital setting

scholarly journals Prevalence of imipenem resistant gram-negative bacteria in a tertiary care hospital of Dhaka, Bangladesh

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
Rabeya Nahar Ferdous ◽  
Md Atikur Rahman ◽  
Md Anowar Hussain ◽  
Nasrin Akhter ◽  
Palash Chandra Banik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative

Objective: Imipenem resistant gram-negative bacteria (GNB) have become a major public health concern worldwide, including Bangladesh. The present study was performed to determine the frequency of imipenem resistant gram-negative bacteria (GNB), their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Materials and Methods: A total of three hundred and fifty clinical samples were collected from Bangladesh Institute of Health Sciences hospital (BIHS), Dhaka, Bangladesh, over a period of 12 months. Among 350 samples, 171 (48.86%) were from indoor patients, and 179 (51.14%) were from outdoor patients. The pathogens were isolated and identified by conventional methods and were screened for antibiotic susceptibility using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method, including imipenem discs. A Chi-square test was employed for statistical analysis. Results and Discussion: Out of 350 clinical isolates, 246 showed resistance to imipenem (70.28%). Almost all of the imipenem resistant gram-negative bacteria showed the highest resistant pattern to cefepime (88.57%), amoxicillin (88.29%), cephalosporin (88.14%), cefoxitin (86%), tetracycline (84.42%), and the majority were resistant to levofloxacin (70.85%), doxycycline (70.57%), netilmicin (59.71%). But cotrimoxazole (13.42%) and tigecycline (11.43%) showed a lower resistance pattern. Statistical analysis exhibited imipenem resistant gram-negative isolates most commonly found in pus and urine samples, while Klebsiella spp (30.49%), Pseudomonas spp (26.83%) and E. coli (23.17%) were the most predominant pathogens. Conclusion: This is a retrospective study which study indicates a noteworthy rate of clinical isolates were imipenem resistant gram-negative bacteria in a well-defined tertiary care hospital, and most of these bacteria were also multidrug-resistant. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 145-150

Phenotypic Detection of Inducible Clindamycin Resistance among Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in Bharatpur Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Sharma Regmi ◽  
Sujan Khadka ◽  
Sanjeep Sapkota ◽  
Swekshya Thapa Magar ◽  
Sanjib Adhikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance

Background: Clindamycin is regarded as a reserve drug in the treatment of staphylococcal infections. Among few therapeutic alternatives available for treatment of erythromycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections, clindamycin has several advantages but major limitation in its use is the development of resistance resulting in treatment failure. Routine clindamycin susceptibility test may fail to detect such inducible resistance which can be detected by Double disc diffusion test (D-test). The present study was undertaken to determine the incidence of inducible clindamycin resistance among clinical isolates of S. aureus in a tertiary care hospital in central Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among the patients visiting Bharatpur Hospital from September to November 2019. A total of 1279 clinical samples were examined for the identification of S. aureus by standard microbiological procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolates was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and all the erythromycin-resistant isolates were subjected to D-test for the phenotypic detection of inducible clindamycin resistance according to CLSI guidelines (2016). Results: S. aureus was recovered from 4.5% (58/1279) samples of which 35 isolates were Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 23 were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Tetracycline was found to be the most effective antibiotic whereas erythromycin was the least effective. D-test revealed that 39.7% isolates showed iMLSB phenotype, 3.5% showed cMLSB phenotype and 56.8% showed MS phenotype. The percentage of inducible and constitutive resistance was seen higher amongst MRSA isolates compared to Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) isolates. Incidence of S. aureus was found higher among females and in the age group 20-30 years and in pus samples (p<0.01). Conclusions: Routine testing of inducible clindamycin resistance is suggested among the clinical isolates of erythromycin-resistant Staphylococci to avoid treatment failure.  

scholarly journals Prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistance in erythromycin resistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and CONS at tertiary care hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Sangita Thapa ◽  
Lokendra Bahadur Sapkota
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance ◽  
Microbiological Methods

Background & Objectives: The objective of this study was to isolate and identify Staphylococcus species from different samples clinical samples and to determine the current trend regarding the incidence and distribution of inducible clindamycin resistance in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and CONS.Materials & Methods: A total of 264 isolates of staphylococcus species were isolated from various clinical samples. Clinical samples were cultured and Staphylococcus species were identified using standard microbiological methods recommended by the American Society for Microbiology (ASM). Methicillin resistance was confirmed using cefoxitin and oxacillin disks. Inducible clindamycin resistance was identified using D-zone test.Results: Among 264 erythromycin resistant staphylococcus species, 213 (80.6%) were S. aureus and 51 (19.3%) were CONS. Out of 213 erythromycin resistant isolates of S. aureus, 140 (65.7%) were MRSA and 73 (34.2%) were MSSA whereas out of 51 erythromycin resistant isolates of CONS, 28 (54.9%) were MRCNS and 23 (45%) were MSCNS. Constitutive MLSB phenotype and Inducible MLSB phenotype was higher among both MRSA and MRCNS isolates. MS phenotype was more predominant among 11 (5.1%) MSSA and 5 (9.8%) MSCNS isolates compared to 9 (4.2%) in MRSA and 2 (3.9%) in MRCNS.Conclusion: The prevalence of constitutive & inducible clindamycin resistance in staphylococcus isolates was high among both MRSA and MRCNS. Hence the implementation of D-test routinely, will reveal the iMLSB & cMLSB phenotype & will guide the clinicians whether to use clindamycin in staphylococcal infections when erythromycin resistance is present.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated From Clinical Specimens in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117863612097269
Author(s):  
Shesh Narayan Kandel ◽  
Nabaraj Adhikari ◽  
Binod Dhungel ◽  
Upendra Thapa Shrestha ◽  
Khadga Bikram Angbuhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Culture Positive

Introduction: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major human pathogen associated with nosocomial and community infections. mecA gene is considered one of the important virulence factors of S. aureus responsible for acquiring resistance against methicillin. The main objective of this study was to explore the prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility pattern, and mec A gene. Methods: A total of 39 isolates of S. aureus were isolated from 954 clinical specimens processed in Microbiology laboratory of Himal Hospital, Kathmandu. Antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method using cefoxitin, and performed Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for amplification of mecA gene in MRSA isolates. Results: Out of 954 clinical samples, (16.2%; 153/954) samples had bacterial growth. Among 153 culture positive isolates, 25.5% (39/153) were positive for S. aureus. Among 39 S. aureus (61.5%; 24/39) were multiple drug resistant (MDR). On AST, amoxicillin was detected as the least effective while vancomycin was the most effective. The prevalence of methicillin resistance was 46% (18/39) of which 72.2% (13/18) were positive for mecA gene in PCR assay. Conclusion: One in 4 culture positive isolates from the clinical specimens were S. aureus, of which almost two-thirds were MDR. Around half of the MDR showed MRSA and significant proportion of them were positive for mecA gene. This study concludes that the mecA gene is solely dependent for methicillin resistance in S. aureus but the presence of gene is not obligatory. PCR detection of the mecA gene is reliable, valid and can be suggested for the routine use in diagnostic laboratories.

Distribution of MR-CoNS in the clinical staffs of tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-102
Author(s):  
Sonu S. Ahirwar ◽  
Prabhat Jatav ◽  
Kirti Kushwaha
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Vitek 2

Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS) associated infection is a growing concern in healthcare settings now a day. MR-CoNS are the main infectious agents of the hospital acquired infection. Clinical staffs to patients transmission of resistant strains have caused a rapid increase in the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in recent years. Growing rate of antimicrobial resistant against available antibiotics of MR-CoNS is a developing problem in low income or lower middle income counties. This study was conducted to determine the occurrence MR-CoNS isolated from different clinical staffs of tertiary care hospital. This prospective study conducted in clinical staffs, nasal swab were collected from all the participants. Screening of CoNS were done on the basis of cultural, morphological and biochemical tests, identification and AST analysis done by VITEK-2 automated system. Methicillin resistance pattern was checked by VITEK-2 and Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method according to CLSI guideline. A total of 129 nasal swab samples were collected from clinical staffs, of which n=81 isolates (85.6%) were CoNS. Among n=81 CoNS, (48.12%) , (41.97%) , (7.4%) and (2.4%) were reported. Out of n=81 CoNS isolates, n=26 were conformed as MR-CoNS. Maximum methicillin resistance were reported in 53.48% (14/26), 42.30% (11/26), 3.84% (1/26) and 0% (0/26). Theoccurrence rate of MR-CoNS are higher (20.6%) in the healthcare workers and most of the methicillin resistant-CoNS isolates shows high level of resistance against widely used antibiotics but all the isolates susceptible against vancomycin.

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