scholarly journals STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION IN THE FACE OF CONTEMPORARY THREATS TO THE INFORMATION ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna LIPIŃSKA
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Communication ◽  
Information Environment ◽  
The Face

Outrage and Satire as Responses and Antidotes

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-68
Author(s):  
Dannagal Goldthwaite Young
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Media ◽  
Information Environment ◽  
Political Information ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ideological Bias ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
The Face ◽  
New Media Technologies

This chapter illustrates how conservative outrage programming and liberal satire were articulated as reactions to perceived problematic aspects of the political information environment in the 1990s. Both genres were fueled by the political polarization and media distrust that had exploded in the last third of the twentieth century. And both genres were made possible by new media technologies of the late 1990s. In the face of political polarization and a reduction of trust in journalism, conservative talk radio’s Rush Limbaugh and Fox News’s Roger Ailes created programming to deconstruct the ideological bias they perceived in mainstream news. Meanwhile, comedians worked to deconstruct the bias that they saw in the profit-driven news of that era; not an ideological bias but a bias in favor of strategy, spin, and partisan jargon.

scholarly journals Human Culture and Cognition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Matt Gers
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Temporal Change ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Information Environment ◽  
Human Culture ◽  
Developmental Mechanisms ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Over Time

<p>Human behaviour is largely influenced by culture. Culture evolves cumulatively over time. The origins of culture in our lineage necessitated the evolution of psychological biases so humans could tractably navigate the emerging information environment. I examine the nature of these biases and conclude that they are unlikely to be genetically coded to any significant degree. This is because of the flexibility such biases needed to possess in the face of fluid cultural environments and because of the developmental mechanisms of the brain. I further outline three possible views on what the nature of the information these biases act upon might be. First there is the view that cultural information is constructed and held in individual minds but does not flow in any meaningful replicative fashion between minds. Second is the view that culture is information distributed in a population and cultural evolution is the temporal change of this populationlevel information as a result of low fidelity individual copying events. Finally, I argue that meme theory, which asserts that culture is usefully seen as bits of information that replicate in transmission, is a fruitful model of cultural evolution. Keywords Cognition, cultural evolution, culture, evolutionary psychology, memes, neuroconstructivism, psychological biases.</p>

Analysis of the Information Environment in the Context of Target and Requirements Management in the Automotive Industry

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delia Ilie ◽  
Florian Fischer ◽  
Udo Lindemann
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Information Environment ◽  
Requirements Management ◽  
Process Information ◽  
Complex Products ◽  
Inconsistent Information ◽  
The Face ◽  
Flow Of Information

The development of highly complex products requires an increase of knowledge and an optimized flow of information. During the development process information is generated, changed, propagated, and documented. Hence many documents are generated and various systems are established. Yet, during the development process these documents are not adhered to and not consistently updated such as the systems that are not upgraded. The result is a discontinuous information environment, consisting of a variety of redundant and inconsistent information documented in numerous information systems. Within the scope of this paper the analysis of an information environment in the context of target and requirements management performed in the automotive industry is presented, showing the insufficiencies of this environment, the causes of these defects and their impacts and consequences on the development process. Further, this study brings forward new insights regarding the different characters of the information in the workflow and thus giving the possibility to make the information well-defined by introducing so-called distinctive configuration characteristics (DCC). These attributes and their parameter value are presented and discussed in the face of a proposal of restructuring the information consistently regarding a new configuration of the information environment.

scholarly journals Human Culture and Cognition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Matt Gers
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Temporal Change ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Information Environment ◽  
Human Culture ◽  
Developmental Mechanisms ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Over Time

<p>Human behaviour is largely influenced by culture. Culture evolves cumulatively over time. The origins of culture in our lineage necessitated the evolution of psychological biases so humans could tractably navigate the emerging information environment. I examine the nature of these biases and conclude that they are unlikely to be genetically coded to any significant degree. This is because of the flexibility such biases needed to possess in the face of fluid cultural environments and because of the developmental mechanisms of the brain. I further outline three possible views on what the nature of the information these biases act upon might be. First there is the view that cultural information is constructed and held in individual minds but does not flow in any meaningful replicative fashion between minds. Second is the view that culture is information distributed in a population and cultural evolution is the temporal change of this populationlevel information as a result of low fidelity individual copying events. Finally, I argue that meme theory, which asserts that culture is usefully seen as bits of information that replicate in transmission, is a fruitful model of cultural evolution. Keywords Cognition, cultural evolution, culture, evolutionary psychology, memes, neuroconstructivism, psychological biases.</p>

scholarly journals Militarization of Information in Current Conflicts

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-160
Author(s):  
Richard Stojar
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Strategic Communication ◽  
Information Environment ◽  
Information Warfare ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Usable Information ◽  
The Social ◽  
Information Operations ◽  
Media And Communication

Abstract The information technologies used in the contemporary conflicts and the overall availability of social nets generate a number of usable information for their actors. This information environment breeds the chance of conducting the sophisticated and targeted operation of disinformation and effective impact on the actors involved as well as regional or global ones. While the information and propaganda dimension is not a completely new phenomenon, technological development has greatly strengthened its importance in the contemporary world. The development of modern media and communication tools in the 20th century have significantly influenced the very limited means of providing the information to society while the development of the Internet has made far more effective targeting of information on selected social groups than at any time in the past. The phenomenon of information warfare is therefore becoming increasingly frequent, and it is also possible to talk about the new character that conflicts gain through the information dimension. The paper tries to characterize and analyze the importance of the information environment in the current conflicts. Attention is focused on existing and new forms of propaganda, strategic communication and information operations on the social network.

scholarly journals Big COVID, Red State: The Value of Over-Communication in a Public Health Crisis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Information Environment ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Trust In Institutions ◽  
The Face ◽  
Cross Platform ◽  
Micro Level

This Community Case Study examines the challenges of communicating about the COVID-19 crisis in a politically conservative American state, Idaho. The study presents an analysis of one local expert’s communication strategies in the face of significant partisanship, threats of violence, and widespread refusal to comply with recommended public health behaviors. Findings suggest that consistent, cross-platform communication that emphasizes personalized recommendations and advice, transparency, and humility, are key strategies in a fractured information environment. However, while micro-level communication strategies are important, more must be done to help Americans regain trust in institutions, expertise, and information at a macro-level.

scholarly journals Mediated Strategic Communication: Meaning Disputes and Social Practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-150
Author(s):  
Ivone de Lourdes Oliveira ◽  
Fábia Pereira Lima ◽  
Isaura Mourão Generoso
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Strategic Communication ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
Discursive Practices ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Reference Models ◽  
Communication Processes ◽  
The Face ◽  
Complex Manner

To problematise the reference models of communication and strategy adopted by organisations, especially in mediated society, requires outlining a new approach to strategic communication. A conceptual reflection is used for this purpose, beginning with a literature review of the scientific production of Brazilian authors in this field and Foucauldian ideas of discursive practices, to understand the enunciative function of the utterances present in organisational discourses. Considering the implications of mediatisation in organisational communication, the goal is to achieve strategy as a social practice, articulated to the socio-political-cultural context. In order to delimit its empirical scope and to highlight the strength of interactions in the mediatised space and symbolic confrontation, the chapter fosters comparison between the different conceptual notions developed in the face of empirical observations about the positioning of organisations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. The analysis shows that organisations need to understand, in an interactional and complex manner, communication processes in mediatisation and their relations with individual and collective subjects, which shape the meanings, discursive practices, and organisational strategies. If, in this scenario, the organisational discourses lie beyond the control of organisations, they should not be neglected, either as products of a context that shapes them, nor as modulating agents of patterns that disturb or strengthen the contemporary social structure.

Why do people believe in a zero-sum economy?

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel G. B. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Everyday Experience ◽  
Coalitional Psychology ◽  
The Face ◽  
Zero Sum

AbstractZero-sum thinking and aversion to trade pervade our society, yet fly in the face of everyday experience and the consensus of economists. Boyer & Petersen's (B&P's) evolutionary model invokes coalitional psychology to explain these puzzling intuitions. I raise several empirical challenges to this explanation, proposing two alternative mechanisms – intuitive mercantilism (assigning value to money rather than goods) and errors in perspective-taking.

Mars: was There an Ancient Eden?

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 203-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias C. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Positive Answer ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
Habitable Zones ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
Early Mars ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Rocky Planets ◽  
Impact Erosion

AbstractThe clear evidence of water erosion on the surface of Mars suggests an early climate much more clement than the present one. Using a model for the origin of inner planet atmospheres by icy planetesimal impact, it is possible to reconstruct the original volatile inventory on Mars, starting from the thin atmosphere we observe today. Evidence for cometary impact can be found in the present abundances and isotope ratios of gases in the atmosphere and in SNC meteorites. If we invoke impact erosion to account for the present excess of129Xe, we predict an early inventory equivalent to at least 7.5 bars of CO2. This reservoir of volatiles is adequate to produce a substantial greenhouse effect, provided there is some small addition of SO2(volcanoes) or reduced gases (cometary impact). Thus it seems likely that conditions on early Mars were suitable for the origin of life – biogenic elements and liquid water were present at favorable conditions of pressure and temperature. Whether life began on Mars remains an open question, receiving hints of a positive answer from recent work on one of the Martian meteorites. The implications for habitable zones around other stars include the need to have rocky planets with sufficient mass to preserve atmospheres in the face of intensive early bombardment.

Evidence for a shear mechanism for the precipitation of γ-zirconium hydride in zirconium

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 658-659
Author(s):  
G.J.C. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Strain Field ◽  
Zirconium Hydride ◽  
Zirconium Atom ◽  
Atom Diffusion ◽  
Solvus Temperature ◽  
Hexagonal Close Packed ◽  
Partial Dislocations ◽  
The Face

In zirconium-hydrogen alloys, rapid cooling from an elevated temperature causes precipitation of the face-centred tetragonal (fct) phase, γZrH, in the form of needles, parallel to the close-packed <1120>zr directions (1). With low hydrogen concentrations, the hydride solvus is sufficiently low that zirconium atom diffusion cannot occur. For example, with 6 μg/g hydrogen, the solvus temperature is approximately 370 K (2), at which only the hydrogen diffuses readily. Shears are therefore necessary to produce the crystallographic transformation from hexagonal close-packed (hep) zirconium to fct hydride.The simplest mechanism for the transformation is the passage of Shockley partial dislocations having Burgers vectors (b) of the type 1/3<0110> on every second (0001)Zr plane. If the partial dislocations are in the form of loops with the same b, the crosssection of a hydride precipitate will be as shown in fig.1. A consequence of this type of transformation is that a cumulative shear, S, is produced that leads to a strain field in the surrounding zirconium matrix, as illustrated in fig.2a.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document