information warfare
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2022 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Andrei Aleksandrovich Linchenko

This article is examines the issues of constructive use of the myths about the past in media environment. The goal lies in the attempt to align several most significant theoretical models of interpretation of the social myth in order to comprehend constructive use of myths about the past in modern Russian politics of memory. This required referring to the peculiarities of the ontology of the past in media myth, as well as to the trends characteristic to modern foreign and Russian research of the politics of memory. The scientific novelty lies in the detailed analysis of the key categories that reveal the peculiarities of creating ontology of the past in modern media myth, as well as allow analyzing the constructive potential of myths about the past in media environment in the context of the Russian politics of memory (the function of cultural-historical orientation, motivating function, functions of conflict settlement). The author explores myths about the past, which in recent decades have become a crucial instrument for conducting a peculiar type of information warfare – the so-called “memorial” wars.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Mölk ◽  
Manfred Auer ◽  
Mike Peters

Purpose Tourism employment is very diverse ranging from precarious, exploitative study to high-quality workplaces. However, poor employment images dominate the tourism industry, which makes attracting employees difficult. This study aims to examine the processes that lead to such image construction. Design/methodology/approach Using a qualitative methodology, the study develops a multilevel framing cycle comprising a media analysis of newspapers and magazines (macro-level), a conversation analysis of peer communication/negotiations (meso-level) and a content analysis of single employee/manager interviews (micro-level); and a comparative analysis of the macro-, meso- and micro-level findings. Findings The multilevel frame cycle identifies image-construction processes that pass through working conditions, payment, seasonality and human resource problems. These processes are shaped by the two cross-level dynamics of radicalization and attenuation. The latter consists of rationalized and repressed framings of tourism employment images (TEI) and the former consists of ideological and emotional framings. Practical implications Tourism stakeholders should support and participate in a pragmatic and open dialog to overcome the radicalization and attenuation of tourism employment. The key players require a new deal to end the “information warfare” on tourism employment, inaugurating a new era of collaborative and constructive employment relations. Originality/value This study develops a holistic and dynamic understanding of TEI by exploring how media products, peer groups and employees/managers jointly construct these images. It demonstrates how attenuation and radicalization shape poor employment images in tourism. It argues that these dynamics “lock in” the status-quo, create mutual recrimination between employers and employees and counteract common strategies that could otherwise improve employment structures and the image of tourism.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-400
Author(s):  
Galina A. Kopnina ◽  
Natalya N. Koshkarova ◽  
Alexander P. Skovorodnikov

The paper deals with the urgent and topical issue of political linguistics - the influence of information and psychological warfare on the Russian language. The aim of the paper is to describe the most frequent novices in the modern Russian language and speech which occur due to the domestic information and psychological warfare. The research was carried out on the basis of the mass-media texts, the traditional linguistic research methods were used (analysis and description, contextual and axiological analysis, etc.). As the result of the analysis the authors singled out both new and traditional words and word combinations which simultaneously serve as the weapon and the result of information and psychological warfare. Two groups of language (speech) means were defined: specialized (which perform the relevant evaluative function - either positive or negative) and non-specialized (which change the function depending on the context, the semantic ambivalent words and word combinations). The specialized means include pejorative words and word combinations: political labels, invectives, terribilitisms (bogey-words), delusions (trap-words), negatively connotative words, and euphemisms. Ameliorative means are not characteristic of information and psychological warfare, though words and word combinations are widely used which denote national concepts being the subject of information rivalry. Neutral language means in information and psychological warfare in the Russian language include terms and terminoids, naming various types of rivalries and technologies constituting them. The results obtained contribute to the development of the information and psychological warfare linguistics. Research perspectives encompass the refinement of some points and the analysis of information and psychological warfare language consequences in the light of linguistic ecology.


2021 ◽  
pp. 199-214
Author(s):  
Antonina Shuliak ◽  
Iryna Konstankevych ◽  
Mykhaylo Kunytskyy

The purpose of the study is to investigate what communication and media technologies and information operations are used by the mass media of the Russian Federation in relation to Ukraine to propagate the image of the “other/alien”. The methodology chosen for the work combines the application of the following methods and approaches: network analysis, SWOT-analysis, system, integrated and civilization approaches, system analysis, method of systematization and classification, methods of analysis, synthesis, objectivity, generalizations, analogies, case study, etc. The article explores the use of communication, media and information-psychological technologies by the Russian mass media to create and effectively promote the image of an enemy, alien, the other during the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, which began in 2014. The authors insist that the “Russkiy Mir” idea is promoted through the propaganda and manipulation resulting in the image of the adversary of this idea – “the other.” The “Russkiy Mir” foe does not perceive everything with the designation “Russian” as a priori positive and better, doubt the correctness of such a position, and therefore wishes evil to the supporters of the “Russkiy Mir”. Information operations and the most widespread media technologies in the Russian-Ukrainian information warfare are analyzed to model the image of “the other” as a threat. Prospects for further scientific researches are connected with the study of new scientific concepts that is some network-centric warfare, hybrid warfare, cyberwarfare, asymmetric warfare, undeclared information warfare, and others.


Author(s):  
Oksana Zaporozhets

The article focuses on the meaning and features of influence operations. It is shown that this term does not have precise and widely accepted definition. The researchers tend to consider influence operations as general term for any activities of international actors in information environment, or as a modern form of information operations that exceed military campaigns. The analysis of researchers’ publications made it possible to highlight some features of influence operations. The core of influence operations is perception management. The success of such operations depends largely on understanding vulnerabilities and adaptation to the specifics of target audiences. One of key features of influence operations is synchronization and coordination of activities in information and physical environment. The idea is that communication activities should be reinforced by appropriateactions that also aim to affect perceptions, opinions, and behavior of target audiences and not to obtain advantages in physical environment. Influence operations are also characterized by the use of various combinations of “soft” and “hard”, legitimate and partly legitimate influence techniques. The scenarios of influence operations are long lasting and may take different formsthat involve the participation of state and non-state agents of influence. Influence operations cover all aspects of information operations and strategic communication, but they are used in more complicated and subtle way. So, it makes sense to regard influence operations as long-term and advanced form of information operations. The emergence of this term may mark the necessity torevise and updateexisting terminology in the field of information warfare,taking into account moderntrends in the development of international relations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 734-746
Author(s):  
Yuriy M. Pochta

The article deals with the present-day causes of the reproduction of Islamist terrorism. The concepts of desecularization, hybrid wars, and a system-functional approach form the methodological basis of the research. Recognizing the failure of liberal explanations of the causes of Islamist terrorism, the author criticizes the liberal methodology, which is based on an essentialist explanation of Islam and Muslim civilization and attributes a fixed set of qualities to Islam as an ontological evil, a barbarism hostile to Western civilization. The paper presents a viewpoint based on the approaches proposed by representatives of left-wing radical thought, postmodernism and neo-Marxism. It is concluded that the politicization of Islam, including its radical interpretations, is due not to the militant unchanging nature of Islam, but to the crisis of a number of Muslim societies. The Muslim worlds reaction to Western globalism is also an attempt to implement its own global political projects as a response of Islamic fundamentalism to the challenge of Western democratic fundamentalism. The author analyzes the phenomenon of hybrid wars as a form of armed violence that the Western world uses to restore order in its global empire. The connection between hybrid wars and the concept of a just war is shown, as well as the relevance of Islamist terrorism as an element of the system of hybrid wars. Islamist terrorism and counterterrorism are present in all hybrid wars waged in the Muslim world. This is manifested both in military actions on the ground, and in information warfare, as well as in virtual space. The market for terrorist and counterterrorist services inherent in hybrid wars and the place of Islamist terrorism in it are examined. Financial relations bind the participants in terrorist activities, including the customer, sponsor, mediator, organizer, informant, and performer. It is concluded that Islamist terrorism is not the activity of individual fanatics or a manifestation of the militant nature of Islam, but is produced by the conflict system of contemporary international relations.


Author(s):  
R. Hula ◽  
I. Perederii ◽  
V. Sazhko

The relevance. The priority of information confrontation in the postmodern era is to change the mentality of the nation and the deformation of national memory patterns, which is clearly reflected in the events associated with the attempts of the Russian Federation to restore its imperial status. Complex transformation processes in the development of the modern library system, the problem of determining its role and place in the protection of national cultural heritage, resisting attempts to purposefully instill hostile cultural values in the Ukrainian state in the context of integrated use of information warfare are given. The purpose of our scientific research is to reveal the essence of the socio-cultural dimension of information warfare in its memetic and network varieties and to identify the potential for library system functioning in the context of information conflict. The methodology. The author’s vision of the problem is based on the main principles of science: scientificity and objectivity. A systematic approach to determining the functionality of libraries enabled to establish the content and prospects of transformation processes of the modern library system in the information war and to determine its effectiveness in terms of performing tasks of effective information confrontation. The results. It is proved that the library, as a traditional collector and translator in the time and space of documented knowledge, the guardian of the national cultural heritage becomes the object of influence and manipulation in the terms of information warfare. At the same time, it can and should be an effective tool for information confrontation. The role and place of the library system in the types of information wars — memetic and network wars — are clarified. A number of functions of libraries for effective confrontation in the context of the specified types of information wars of the present are characterized in detail. The scientific topicality. For the first time, an attempt was made to comprehensively analyze the role of libraries in the information conflict. The tasks and functions of the library system as an effective tool for the protection of the national information space are specified. The practical significance. The results of the study can be used by librarians, as well as higher education institutions that implement educational programs in the specialty 029 “Information, Library and Archival Affairs” in the development of new disciplines (e.g. “Information Warfare and National Security”). It will provide training for library and information specialists at modern requirements level, taking into account the peculiarities of modernization processes development in the library and archives.


Author(s):  
O. Zimenko

postgraduate student, Department of Information, Library and Archival Affairs, Kharkiv State Academy of Culture, Kharkiv, Ukraine INFORMATIONAL INFLUENCE: CONCEPT AND EVOLUTION IN MODERN SCIENTIFIC IDEA The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis of the concept of “informational impact”, its evolution in scientific idea, as well as methodological aspects of the development of information technology in the context of their connection with the phenomenon of the information impact. The methodology. The work studies this issue by examining the basic methods and principles of information studies. The results. The concept of “informational influence” can be represented as a form of influencing the consciousness of the individual, carried out using the media resource in order to change the formed assessments, opinions, beliefs, values ​​for further transformation of its behavioral response to events. Not enough attention is paid to the informational influence as a phenomenon in the works of the scientists, because it is considered as an integral part of other definitions, and not as a separate phenomenon. It is important to note that the concept of “informational impact” as a phenomenon is almost not considered in scientific works. Most often, informational influence was an integral part of other definitions, rather than a separate process. Thus, this problem has not been considered comprehensively, and it needs additional attention of the scientific community. Informational influence, as well as the use of media resources in modern conditions are becoming an integral part of socio-political conflicts. The media and the phenomenon of informational influence itself is a tool for both the emergence and resolution of conflict situations. The conclusion about global informatization and formation of high-tech information infrastructure, and also about importance of consideration of information influence as one of tools of manipulative technologies is made. The scientific novelty. The author’s definition of the concept of “informational influence” is formulated, as well as its place as a tool of manipulative possibilities are analyzed, and also the questions of manipulative possibilities of mass media and communication are considered. The practical significance lies in the analysis of scientific and theoretical views of this matter. The phenomenon of informational influence in the context of information warfare and manipulations is considered.


2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-180
Author(s):  
Filip Bryjka

Since August 2020, the political situation in Belarus has become one of the key elements of Russia’s information warfare against the transatlantic community. The main target of Belarusian and Russian information and psychological operations is Poland, repeatedly accused of interfering in the internal affairs of Belarus, inspiring a colour revolution, waging a hybrid war, supporting separatism, historical revisionism, preparation of military intervention or organising an armed coup and assassination of Lukashenko. The main research problem of this article is the answer to the question: what disinformation activities are Belarus and Russia conducting against Poland in connection with the political situation in Belarus after the falsification of the results of the presidential elections of 9 August 2020. The author analyses, among others, why Poland has become the main target of Belarusian and Russian disinformation operations, what the goals are of these activities, on what issues the Belarusian and Russian information narrative towards Poland is focused, and what the effectiveness is of these influence operations.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongpeng Chen ◽  
Jianguo Zhang ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Jiawei Zhang ◽  
Huichao Zhang ◽  
...  

Abstract The development of new electromagnetic interference materials has attracted much attention in the information warfare. Herein, a novel KPA@Fe3O4 composite particle was synthesized via a microcrystalline co-precipitation method. X-ray diffractions, scanning electron microscopes and vibrating sample magnetometer measurements were used to characterize the products. The results indicated that the surface of the potassium picrate (KPA) crystals was covered by magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and composite particles exhibited excellent magnetic properties. Furthermore, the thermal behavior of the composite particles was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, which showed that the composite particles inherited the energetic property of pure KPA crystals when the mass fraction of magnetic component was 50%, or 65%. As for the composite particles with 75% magnetic component, the thermal stability of was poor. In addition, the magnetic directional aggregation performance of composite particles was analyzed by dynamic simulation, which moved toward the magnetic source. For the composite particles with 50% magnetic component, the maximum concentration was about 63 times of the initial concentration, and the peak velocity was 0.63 m/s. With the mass fraction of magnetic component increasing to 65%, the concentration and velocity of the composite particles generally increased at the corresponding moment. As the mass fraction of magnetic component increased to 75%, the change of them was not obvious. Therefore, the composite particles with Fe3O4/KPA mass ratios of 65/35 had the best comprehensive properties. The excellent energetic and magnetic directional aggregation properties can allow the composites to be used in many potential applications in the information warfare.


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