scholarly journals Alien pathogens and parasites impacting native freshwater fish of southern Australia: a scientific and historical review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Kaminskas
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Fish Populations ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Murray Darling Basin ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Alien Fish ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Native freshwater fish of Australia have a diverse but largely undescribed endemic pathogen and parasite fauna. However, due to long-shared evolutionary histories and virulence/transmissibility trade-offs, effects of these endemic pathogens and parasites appear to be subtle: significant impacts are rarely observed and epizootics have not been recorded. In contrast, a number of alien pathogens and parasites are now established across southern Australia, causing manifestly harmful effects to native fish species and known or suspected epizootics in native fish populations. Undetected and/or undescribed alien viral pathogens are also suspected of being present. Alien pathogens and parasites were introduced to Australia with imports of live alien fish or their fertilised eggs. A review of the scientific and historical evidence indicates that they have had, and continue to have, greater impacts on native fish species than previously realised—especially for freshwater species. This review also documents a previously unknown, Murray-Darling-Basin-wide epizootic of Murray cod Maccullochella peelii in 1929–30, which may have contributed to strong declines in the related eastern freshwater cod Maccullochella ikei. A serious Chilodonella epizootic of M. peelii in 1982 is also examined. In addition, a possible role for alien viruses of the family Iridoviridae (Ranavirus and Megalocytivirus) in the general decline of the critically endangered silver perch Bidyanus bidyanus, and the rapid collapse of two specific native fish populations—upper Murrumbidgee River B. bidyanus and Shoalhaven River Macquarie perch Macquaria australasica—is suggested. It is argued that the severity of the impact of the virulent alien oomycete Saprolegnia parasitica, both historical and present day, has been underestimated. Finally, action is recommended against emerging new pathogen and parasite threats, and the extreme risk current alien fish importations pose in introducing them. These will further threaten already stressed native fish populations in southern Australia, particularly across the Murray-Darling Basin.

scholarly journals Development potential of native fish in Batang Toru Watershed, North Sumatra, Indonesia: discussion on the impact of dam development and aquaculture efforts

2021 ◽  
Vol 322 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Dadang Shafrudin ◽  
Sulistiono ◽  
Charles P. H. Simanjuntak ◽  
M. Fadjar Rahardjo ◽  
Dudi M. Wildan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Cultured Fish ◽  
Riverine Fish ◽  
The Impact ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Aquaculture Development

As one of the sizable rivers in the Sumatra region, the Batang Toru River is a habitat for various fish species, some of which are potential to be developed as cultured fish. This study was carried out in April, July, and October 2019 in the Batang Toru River watershed of South Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatra, to evaluate a potential development of the riverine fish for aquaculture development. The methods used were fisheries surveys and discussions with various communities and related agencies in the South Tapanuli Regency. The data obtained were presented descriptively. Based on the result of data analysis collected in the field, there were several potential fish species to be cultured in this study, including mahseer (Tor tambroides, T. tambra, Neolissochilus soro), catfish (Hemibagrus spp.), and eel (Anguilla bicolor). Some people in the area have also developed the culture of several fish species, such as mahseer and catfish. However, there has been no eel rearing until now, although some locations around the Batang Toru River are suitable for freshwater fish aquaculture activities.

scholarly journals A Composition and Abundance of Alien Fish Species in Inland Waters, Southern Iraq

2021 ◽  
pp. 373-386
Author(s):  
Abdul Hussein J. Abdullah ◽  
Sajad A. Abdullah ◽  
Ali T. Yaseen
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Fish Populations ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Fish Community Structure ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Alien Fish ◽  
Southern Iraq ◽  
Alien Fish Species

Alien fish species have negative effects on the abundance, diversity and richness of native fish species in southern Iraq. The numbers of alien fish species are constantly increasing due to the entry of invasive species. This has resulted in shifts in the historical composition of fish community structure and scarcity of some native species which represent the keystone in the building of fish populations.     Fish samples were monthly collected from three sites in southern Iraq (Al-Chibyaish marsh, the lower parts of Euphrates River, and the northern part of Shatt Al-Arab River) from April 2017 to June 2018. A total of 14,853 individuals of fish were sampled, which represented 26 species, 24 genera and 13 families of bony fishes. Ten alien fish species were recorded, affiliated to nine genera and five families, namely Cichlidae, Cyprinidae, Heteropneustidae, Poeciliidae and Xenocyprididae. Three alien fish species dominated the abundance in the three sites; the Prussian carp Carassuis gibelio comprised 12.58%, 26.19%, and 13.84%, the Blue tilapia Oreochromis aureus formed 16.78%, 13.66%, and 18.79%, , and the Redbelly tilapia Coptodon zillii comprised 7.37%, 7.71%, and 14.66% of the total number of species in three study sites respectively. (  …. )      These alien fish species created serious shifting in fish composition, diversity, richness, and abundance of native fish populations in comparison to the results of the historical survey in southern Iraq.

Freshwater, Fish and the Future: Proceedings of the Global Cross-Sectoral Conference

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Populations ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Partnership Model ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
Murray Darling Basin ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Funding Opportunities ◽  
Funding Cuts

<em>Abstract</em> .—The Murray–Darling basin (MDB) in southeastern Australia, covers 1.1 million km<sup>2</sup>, involves six partner jurisdictions with a myriad of different government agencies, and, hence, provides an excellent example of the complexities of multijurisdictional management across a range of social and political tiers. In the MDB, fish and fisheries compete for water with agriculture, which is the traditional water user and is driven by national economics. Murray–Darling basin rivers are now highly regulated and generally in poor health, with native fish populations estimated to be at only about 10% of their pre-European settlement abundances. All native commercial fisheries are now closed, and the only harvest is by a recreational fishery. The six partner jurisdictions developed a Native Fish Strategy (NFS) to rehabilitate native fish populations to 60% of pre-European settlement levels after 50 years of implementation by addressing priority threats through a coordinated, long-term, whole-of-fish-community (all native fishes) approach. As there are a wide range of stakeholders, broad engagement was needed at a broad range of government and community levels. The NFS funding was discontinued after 10 years, not because of its lack of successes or project governance, but due to jurisdictional political changes and funding cuts that resulted in a failure of the collaborative funding structure. The withdrawal of considerable funding by one jurisdiction led to collective decline in monetary contributions and posed a threat to the multijurisdictional structures for both water and natural resource management (NRM) within the MDB. As a consequence, there was a review and reduction in NRM programs and a subsequent reduction in focus to the core business of water delivery. Reflection on the NFS, however, provides some useful insights as to the successes (many) and failures (funding) of this partnership model. Overall, the strategy and its structure was effective, as exhibited by an audit of outputs, outcomes, and networks; by the evident ongoing advocacy by NRM practitioners and the community; and by the continuation of ideas under other funding opportunities. This has provided a powerful legacy for future management of fishes in the MDB.

Managing fish species under threat: case studies from the Native Fish Strategy for the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Lintermans ◽  
Jarod P. Lyon ◽  
Fern Hames ◽  
Michael P. Hammer ◽  
Joanne Kearns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Murray Darling Basin

scholarly journals Some Small Native Freshwater Fish Recommended for Mosquito and Midge Control in Ornamental Ponds

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2005 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Kern, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Cooperative Extension ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Fact Sheet

This publication is intended to help anyone interested in ponds or mosquito control to identify, select, collect, and stock small native fish species that would be useful in controlling mosquito populations. This document is Fact Sheet ENY-670, a series of the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date: August 2004. ENY-670/IN456: Some Small Native Freshwater Fish Recommended for Mosquito and Midge Control in Ornamental Ponds (ufl.edu)

scholarly journals INTERAKSI TROFIK KOMUNITAS IKAN DI DANAU MATANO, SULAWESI SELATAN PASCA BERKEMBANGNYA IKAN ASING INVASIF

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Dimas Angga Hedianto ◽  
Agus Arifin Sentosa
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Lake Matano ◽  
Alien Fish ◽  
Alien Fish Species

Interaksi trofik pasca masuknya ikan introduksi ataupun ikan asing invasif merupakan dasar untuk mengkaji tekanan ekologis terhadap ikan asli. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis interaksi trofik komunitas ikan pasca berkembangnya jenis-jenis ikan asing invasif di Danau Matano, Sulawesi Selatan. Ikan contoh diperoleh dari hasil tangkapan jaring insang percobaan, jala lempar, dan seser pada Mei, Oktober, dan November 2015 serta Februari, Juli, dan September 2016. Analisis ekologi trofik yang dilakukan meliputi indeks bagian terbesar, tingkat trofik, luas relung dan tumpang tindih relung makanan, serta pola strategi makan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komunitas ikan yang tertangkap di Danau Matano terdiri atas 9 famili, 11 genera, dan 17 spesies. Ikan louhan mendominasi komunitas ikan di Danau Matano sebesar 53,62%. Makanan alami yang banyak dimanfaatkan oleh sejumlah ikan dalam komunitas adalah insekta (Diptera), Gastropoda (Tylomelania sp.), dan larva insekta (Chironomidae). Kelompok trofik komunitas ikan di Danau Matano terdiri atas detritivora, herbivora, insektivora, zoobentivora, dan piscivora. Masuknya ikan introduksi memunculkan kelompok trofik baru (detritivora dan herbivora). Ikan introduksi cenderung memiliki luas relung makanan yang lebih bervariasi. Kompetisi terhadap makanan alami kategori moderat banyak terjadi antara ikan asli dengan louhan. Strategi pola makan ikan asli di Danau Matano cenderung bersifat spesialis, sedangkan ikan introduksi memiliki strategi pola makan yang lebih bervariasi dan oportunistik. Ikan louhan sebagai ikan introduksi dominan yang bersifat invasif mampu memanfaatkan seluruh sumber daya makanan alami yang tersedia dan menempati tingkat trofik tertinggi di Danau Matano. Tekanan ekologi terhadap ikan asli oleh ikan asing invasif di Danau Matano terjadi karena adanya kompetisi terhadap makanan alami.Trophic interactions post-develpment of non-native fish or invasive alien fish species are the basis knowledge for assessing and preventing the ecological pressure on native fish. This research aims to analyze the trophic interactions of fish community post-development of invasive alien fish species in Lake Matano, South Sulawesi. Fish samples were obtained from the catch of experimental gill nets, cast nets, and push nets in May, October, and November 2015 along with February, July, and September 2016. Trophic ecological analysis carried out included index of preponderance, trophic level, niche breadth and niche overlap of natural food, and feeding strategy. The fish community caught in Lake Matano consists of 9 families, 11 genera, and 17 species. Flowerhorn cichlid dominates the fish community in Lake Matano by 53.62%. Natural foods that are widely used by a number of fish in the community are Insecta (Diptera), Gastropods (Tylomelania sp.), and larvae of Insecta (Chironomidae). The guild trophic of fish community in Lake Matano consists of detritivores, herbivores, insectivores, zoobentivores, and piscivores. The introduction of non-native species bring up to new guilds (detritivores and herbivores). Non-native fishes tends to have a variety niche breadth. Moderate competition for natural food resources between native fish and flowerhorn cichlid is quite high. Feeding strategy of native species in Lake Matano tend to be specialist, while non-natives species have more variety and opportunistic. Flowerhorn cichlid as dominant invasive alien fish species is able to utilize all natural food resources and occupies the highest trophic level in Lake Matano. Ecological pressure on native fish by invasive alien fish species in Lake Matano occurs due to competition in obtaining natural food resources.

scholarly journals Patterns of Fish Assemblage, Growth, and Diet Composition in a Tropical River between Two Cascading Hydropower Dams

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Lee Nyanti ◽  
Chen-Lin Soo ◽  
Afina-Yian Chundi ◽  
Elsa-Cordelia-Durie Lambat ◽  
Alvinna Tram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
The Impact

Construction of cascade dams has been shown to have impacts on fish assemblages and biodiversity. Yet, there is no literature on fish assemblages in the Murum River that connects the cascading Bakun and Murum dams in Sarawak, Malaysia. Hence, study on this modified ecosystem is necessitated to better understand the effects of the cascade dam construction on fish fauna. For this, fish samples were caught at five stations located along the river during both dry and wet seasons. Environmental parameters were taken concurrently with fish sampling. Length-weight relationship, condition factors, and diet composition of selected fish species in the river were also determined. The present study demonstrated that there are indications of the impact of cascading dams on the formation of a complex ecosystem in the Murum River, that is, changing from the shallow downstream of the Murum Dam to the deep transitional and inundated zone of the Bakun reservoir. The transitional zone in the Murum River exhibited the lowest fish species diversity, richness, and evenness during the dry season due to low pH and DO coupled with high turbidity. The biological indices improved when the water quality improved during the wet season. On the contrary, the diversity and evenness indices at the inundated tributary station decreased remarkably during the wet season, likely due to the migration of fish during the onset of the rainy season. This study showed that Barbonymus schwanenfeldii has a wider feeding habit which contributes to its higher distribution and abundance in the Murum River. The growth patterns of B. schwanenfeldii, Cyclocheilichthys apogon, Hampala macrolepidota, Lobocheilos ovalis, and Osteochilus enneaporos were better during wet than dry season. Overall, the condition factor of all native fish species in the Murum River was in poor to fair condition, whereas the exotic species, Oreochromis mossambicus, exhibited excellent condition (K value > 2) for both seasons. The increase in the number of O. mossambicus coupled with its high condition factor indicates biological intrusion and a potential threat to the native fish species in the Murum River. Continuous monitoring is essential to detect in-time risk issues associated with environmental degradation and biological invasion in this regulated and inundated river ecosystem.

scholarly journals Climate-change threats to native fish in degraded rivers and floodplains of the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Balcombe ◽  
Fran Sheldon ◽  
Samantha J. Capon ◽  
Nick R. Bond ◽  
Wade L. Hadwen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Flow Regimes ◽  
Resource Development ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Water Resource Development ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
Murray Darling Basin ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Many aquatic ecosystems have been severely degraded by water-resource development affecting flow regimes and biological connectivity. Freshwater fish have been particularly affected by these changes and climate change will place further stress on them. The Murray–Darling Basin (MDB), Australia, represents a highly affected aquatic system with dramatically modified flow regimes. This has impaired the health of its rivers, and potentially limited the adaptive capacity of its biota to respond to a changing climate. Here, we present our predictions of the potential impacts of climate change on 18 native fish species across their distributional ranges against the back-drop of past and continuing water-resource development (WRD). Because most of these species are found across a wide range of geographical and hydrological settings, we classified the MDB into 10 regions to account for likely variation in climate-change effects, on the basis of latitude, elevation and WRD. Cold water-tolerant species will be under greater stress than are warm water-tolerant species. In some regions, the negative impacts on exotic fish such as trout are likely to improve current conditions for native species. Because the impacts of climate change on any given species are likely to vary from region to region, regional fish assemblages will also be differentially affected. The most affected region is likely to occur in the highly disturbed Lower Murray River region, whereas the dryland rivers that are less affected in the northern MDB are likely to remain largely unchanged. Although climate change is a current and future threat to the MDB fish fauna, the continued over-regulation of water resources will place as much, if not more, stress on the remnant fish species.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Certain Freshwater Fish Species and the Impact on Human Health: A General Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muralidharan Velappan ◽  
Deecaraman Munusamy
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Catla Catla ◽  
Freshwater Fish Species ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Wet Market ◽  
The Impact

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by organisms of the fungus kingdom, which are capable of causing disease and death in humans and animals when present in food. Recent studies evinces fish consumption might become another way for mycotoxins to enter the human food chain. Although the increasing research publications related to the occurrence and prevention of mycotoxin contamination in fish feeds, there was limited studies on bioaccumulation of mycotoxins research in common freshwater fish species. Further this was assumed fish species of salmonid and cyprinids are very sensitive to feed-borne mycotoxins so far. Studies have demonstrated, fish may also carry mycotoxins residue along the food chain, thus compromising human health. This review describes mainly mycotoxin contaminations in certain freshwater fish species and the impact on human health due to their potential proven toxicity. This review also provided comprehensive information on mycotoxins contamination levels in muscle and liver tissue of some freshwater fish species such as Nile tilapia, Labeo rohita, and Catla catla during capturing in fresh water lakes and also fish sold at wet market and hypermarket in Chennai, Tamilnadu.

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