scholarly journals FTIR SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF ETHANOLIC AND N-HEXANE EXTRACTS OF MALE AND FEMALE TREE LEAVES OF CARICA PAPAYA LINN

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Syed Zohaib Hussain ◽  
Sarah Hussain ◽  
Zafar Ali Seenharo ◽  
Muhammad Bilal
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Tree Leaves ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Tree ◽  
Hexane Extracts

scholarly journals Cranial and External Morphology of Male and Female Orange Headed Tree Squirrels (Funisciurus leucogenys) in Selected Locations of Savannah Forest in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
A. O. Bamidele ◽  
A. I. Akinpelu
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Female Specimen ◽  
Vegetation Zone ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Tree ◽  
Tree Squirrels ◽  
Tree Squirrel ◽  
Body Parameters

This study examined the differences in cranial and external morphology of male and female tree squirrel species (Funisciurus leucogenys) from three different locations in Savannah vegetation zone of Nigeria. The tree squirrels were collected from contracted local hunters which identify the tree squirrel. After collection and identification to the generic level, they were transferred to the laboratory in absolute ethanol. About 183 skulls were prepared (58 male and 125 female), the skull and other body parameters were measured using digital venire calliper. The results showed that the body parameters (HBL, TL, TBL, EL, HFL, and BW) of the female specimen measured were different from male and the body parameters of the specimen from one location were slightly different from another. Also, the cranial measure showed some similarities and slight differences between male and female specimen among the locations (Asejire, Ilorin, and Ogbomosho). In conclusion, the cranial and body morphology parameters of male and female tree squirrels from the three locations (Asejire, Ilorin, and Ogbomosho) showed that despite that the tree squirrels were from different locations, they were of the same genus (F. leucogeny), which indicated that locations might not have an effect on the specimen.

scholarly journals Constituents of the Green Tea Seeds of Camellia sinensis

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100600
Author(s):  
Toshio Hasegawa ◽  
Kensuke Akutsu ◽  
Yasuhiro Kishi ◽  
Kouji Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Green Tea Leaves

Green tea ( Camellia sinensis) leaves are known to contain active ingredients such as catechins and caffeine, and are widely useful materials. Recently, green tea flowers also have been in the spotlight. However, little attention has been paid to the tea seeds. In this work, the constituents of green tea seeds and green tea leaves were compared. Caffeine was found in the seeds, whereas catechins (usually obtained from green tea leaves) were not observed. Next, we investigated the constituents of hexane extracts and methanol extracts of green tea seeds. We found that the hexane extracts contained high amounts of oleic glyceride (79.9%) in addition to linoleic glyceride (20%). We confirmed the structures of these glycerides by NMR spectroscopy and by synthesis from a fatty acid and glycerol. The methanol extract was found to contain naringenin glucosides by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopic analysis.

scholarly journals Year-round Variations in Essential Oil Content and Composition of Male and Female Juniper

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 883-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valtcho D. Zheljazkov ◽  
Tess Astatkie ◽  
Ekaterina Jeliazkova
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Alpha Pinene ◽  
Male Tree ◽  
Female Tree

Rocky Mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.) is an evergreen dioecious tree (produces male and female plants). The pleasant aroma and the medicinal value of this species are the result of the essential oil. The hypothesis of this study was that the essential oil content and composition may be different in male and in female trees and also may be affected with seasonal changes throughout the year. The objective was to evaluate year-round variations in essential oil composition of Rocky Mountain juniper within single male and female trees. The concentration of essential oil in fresh leaves varied from 0.335% to 0.799%, and at most sampling points, the oil content in the biomass of the male tree was greater than that in the biomass of the female tree. There was a trend toward increased essential oil content in male juniper in 220 to 342 days after the first sampling (DAFS), compared with the one in 35 to 184 DAFS. The concentrations of the oil constituents alpha-pinene, alpha-terpinene, gamma-terpinene, terpinolene, pregeijerene B, elemol, beta-eudesmol/alpha-eudesmol, and 8-alpha-acetoxyelemol were greater in the oil of the female tree than in the oil of the male tree. Conversely, the concentrations of alpha thujene, sabinene, myrcene, limonene, and delta-cadinene were greater in the oil of the male tree than in the oil of the female tree. However, the concentration gradient trends for both female and male trees were similar for myrcene and sabinene, for alpha-terpinene and terpinolene, for pereijerene B and elemol, and for beta-eudesmol/alpha-eudesmol and 8-alpha-acetoxyelemol. Overall, lower concentrations in the oils at 101 to 132 or 163 DAFS were found for myrcene and alpha-pinene sabinene, whereas the concentrations of gamma-terpinene, elemol (female tree), beta-eudesmol/alpha-eudesmol (female tree), and 8-alpha-acetoxyelemol (female tree) were greater during this period. This study demonstrated that the content and composition of the essential oil from Rocky Mountain juniper are subject to seasonal changes and also depend on the sex of the tree.

scholarly journals PHYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM FOUR PLANTS AGAINST SELECTED WEEDS IN AGRICULTURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Tauseef Anwar ◽  
◽  
Huma Qureshi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Pinus Roxburghii ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Living Organisms

Aim of the Study. Heavy doses of synthetic weed control chemicals have caused herbicide resistance in weeds. Natural com pounds produced by living organisms constitute a wide field for ecologically safe herbicides. The experiments were designed to test allelopathic potential of hexane extracts of selected plants against common weeds in agriculture viz. Euphorbia helioscopia, Rumex dentatus, Phalaris minor, Avena fatua and Chenopodium album. Materials and methods. Allelopathic potential of Carica papaya, Rhazya stricta, Lantana camara and Pinus roxburghii hexane extracts against weeds was determined at 100%, 75% and 50% concentration on soil, filter paper and agar. Parameters adopted for assessing allelopathic potential were the germination (%) and the length of seedling (cm). Data analysis was performed using the Statistica 9 software. Results and Conclusion. The results indicated that R. stricta, C. papaya, L. camara and P. roxburghii hexane extracts possesses suppression effects against weeds among which L. camara had the most conspicuous inhibition effects on selected weeds. The inhibitory effects of germination and seedling growth were in order R. stricta > L. camara > C. papaya > P. roxburghii. Field analysis to assess the phytotoxic ability of these species to be used as herbicide is recommended.

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