A COMPARATIVE STUDY TO EVALUATE EFFICACY OF GOKSHURA AND GUDUCHI AGAINST KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE BY URINE CULTURE AND SENSITIVITY IN PITTAJA MUTRAKRICHRA (URINARY TRACT INFECTION)

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is characterized by pathological invasion of the urinary tract by microorganisms. Majorities of organisms causing UTI are gram negative bacteria, most common of which is E. coli. Urine culture and sensitivity test is used to isolate the organism and to identify the susceptible drug of choice for appropriate treatment. This hospital-based study was carried out to analyze the spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility of microorganisms causing UTI. Methods: A retrospective study was done to analyze the results of urine culture and sensitivity test done at Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital over a period of two and half years. Standard guideline and protocol were used to collect the urine sample and to perform the test. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 21.0. Result: Out of 12, 925 urine samples submitted for culture and sensitivity test during the study period, bacterial pathogens were isolated from 3, 173 (24.54%) samples, which was significantly higher among females (28%) than the males (17%). The most common organism isolated on the culture was E. coli (68.5%) followed by Klebsiella (18.4%). Sensitivity of the uropathogens was seen highest with colistin (79.2%) followed by teicoplanin (64.58%), Aztreonam (63.25%) and Nitrofurantoin (61.16%). Most common antibiotics that showed resistance to the microorganisms in this study were Ampicillin (60.93%), Cotrimoxazole (53.72%), Cefixime (40.57%) and Levofloxacin (32.93%). Conclusions: This study has found a usual pattern of UTI with higher prevalence among females and E. coli being the most common organism. Nitrofurantoin has been found to have a good susceptibility for the treatment of UTI.

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Evaluation of efficacy and tolerability of nitrofurantoin versus ciprofloxacin in patients of urinary tract infection: a comparative study

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20174789 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (11) ◽

pp. 2690

Author(s):

Rajneet Kaur ◽

Vijay Kumar ◽

Harjinder Singh ◽

Geeta Walia ◽

Arshiya Sehgal

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Urine Culture ◽

Post Treatment ◽

E Coli ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group Ii

Background: UTIs are one of the most common infectious diseases encountered in out-patient departments on day to day basis. Nitrofurantoin and Ciprofloxacin are most commonly used antibiotics in the treatment of UTI. The present study was done to compare the efficacy and tolerability of nitrofurantoin and ciprofloxacin in patients of urinary tract infection.Methods: This prospective, open, randomized, parallel group, comparative study was conducted on 60 patients presenting with acute/uncomplicated or recurrent urinary tract infection in the outpatient Department of Urology, Rajindra Hospital attached to Govt. Medical College, Patiala, Punjab. They were divided into two groups, Group I and Group II of 30 cases each. Group I patients were put on Nitrofurantoin and Group II patients were put on Ciprofloxacin. Initially 100 patients were enrolled but only those who showed growth of uropathogens on baseline urine culture or those who completed the treatment were included in the study. The primary outcome measure was microbiological eradication on post treatment urine culture.Results: The age range of the patients in Group I and Group II was 19 to 68 years (43.40±14.58 years) and 20-60 years (39.77±13.49 years) respectively. The total no. of males and females who participated in this study were 32 (53.33%) and 28 (46.66%) respectively. The most common uropathogen associated with uncomplicated UTI was E. coli (80%), other organisms detected were Klebsiella species (16.67%), Staphylococcus aureus (3.33%) and Providencia (3.33%). Post treatment urine culture results showed significant difference between two groups, 5 patients (16.67 %) in case of Group I and 14 patients (46.67%) in case of Group II showed growth of micro-organisms post treatment. P-value comes out to be 0.017 which is significant.Conclusions: In this era of super bugs, nitrofurantoin is more efficacious than ciprofloxacin in the treatment of UTI. E. coli was found to be major organism causing UTI. Ciprofloxacin is less effective due to increasing antibiotic resistance among uropathogens. Both the drugs were well tolerated, no major significant adverse effects were encountered.

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Effect of asymptomatic bacteriuria on pregnancy outcome: a review

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20211175 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 1753

Author(s):

Nalam Neelima ◽

Ushadevi Gopalan

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Early Detection ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Urine Culture ◽

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽

Upper Urinary Tract ◽

Culture And Sensitivity ◽

In Pregnancy

Asymptomatic bacteriuria is more common in pregnancy and if left untreated it may progress to upper urinary tract infection. Early detection and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria prevents further progression of the infection and thereby preventing undesirable complications to the mother and fetus. It is advisable to do Urine culture and sensitivity in all antenatal women irrespective of the gestational age and symptoms.

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Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Uropathogens in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Calabar, Nigeria

Annual Research & Review in Biology ◽

10.9734/arrb/2021/v36i630385 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 10-18

Author(s):

Bassey Ewa Ekeng ◽

Ernest Afu Ochang ◽

David Ewuru Elem ◽

Promise Akugom Owai ◽

Bernard Ekpan Monjol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Urine Culture ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Beta Lactamases ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽

Culture And Sensitivity ◽

Microbial Isolates

Introduction: Urinary tract infection is a major reason for hospital visits and a common clinical condition encountered by clinicians. The causative agents of urinary tract infection and their resistant pattern vary globally. The aim of this study was to highlight the profile of pathogens associated with urinary tract infections in our locality. The objective was to investigate the resistant pattern of these microbial isolates from patients with urinary tract infection and offer recommendations for effective treatment. Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed the urine culture and antimicrobial sensitivity reports of patients with suspected urinary tract infection at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria, from September 2019 to August 2020. Methicillin resistance was detected by disk diffusion method using 30 µg cefoxitin disk. Production of Extended spectrum beta lactamases was detected by the Combination disk and the double-disk synergy method. Results: Of 979 urine culture and sensitivity reports, 306 (31.26%) were positive for microbial growth. Two microbial isolates each were recovered from urine samples of 5 patients giving a total number of 311 isolates from 306 patients. 45.75% of positive results were in males. The predominant isolate was Escherichia coli (n=97, 31.19%). Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBL) producing strains comprised 10.08% (10/238) of Gram-negative group of organisms, while 47.39% (145/306) of all bacterial isolates in our study were multi drug resistant (MDR). 14.29% (6/42) of S. aureus isolates were methicillin resistant S. aureus, while 33.33% (2/6) of methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were multi drug resistant. Conclusion: Urinary tract infection caused by antimicrobial resistant organisms is common among studied patients. This emphasizes the need for urine culture and sensitivity tests in the management of urinary tract infection.

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Emerging antibiotic resistance pattern of urinary tract infection (UTI) due to Escherichia Coli (E.Coli).

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2021.28.12.6364 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (12) ◽

pp. 1804-1811

Author(s):

Salman Azhar ◽

Talha Munir ◽

Mian Sajjad Ahmed ◽

Wasif Baig ◽

Ahmed Nawaz Baber ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Urine Culture ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

E Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Pattern ◽

Culture And Sensitivity

Objective: To determine the emerging antibiotic resistance pattern of adult patients of MDR UTI cases caused by E.Coli. Study Design: Retrospective Data. Setting: Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics & Gynecology, Madinah Teaching Hospital / University Medical and Dental College, Faisalabad. Period: August 2016 to Sep 2018. Material & Methods: This retrospective study included 187 patients meeting the operational definition of multi-drug resistance cases of urinary tract infection caused by E. coli. All cases either male or female of age above 15 years with positive reports of urine culture and sensitivity for E.coli were included in the study. Along with the demographic variables urine WBC’s, results of urine culture and sensitivity were noted. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of all the E.coli resistant UTI cases was analyzed. After identification of the microbe, antimicrobial sensitivity was accessed using Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method on the Mueller–Hinton agar. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed against E. coli strains by using the following antibiotics: Piperacilin, Amoxicilin-Calvulanic, Pipmedic Acid, Cefipime, Ceftrixone, Cefuroxime, Cefoperazone-sulbactam, Ceftazidime, Cephradine, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin, ofloxacin, Nitrofurantoin, Amikacin, Tombramycin, Gentamicin, Linezolid, Doxycycline, Sulphamethoxazole, Imipenem, Meropenem, Aztreonam in order to obtain an antibiogram. Results: In our data, 66.8% (n=125) were MDR UTI, and more than half of these cases were 63.2% (n=79) were females. Among the total 187 cases, 97.3% patients were resistant to most of the beta-lactam antibiotics, 95.7% were resistant to most of the quinolones and 68.4% were resistant to most of the aminoglycosides. Conclusion: This increasing antibiotic resistance is very alarming and steps should be taken to reduce the misuse of antibiotics. Studies should be done to control the risk factors leading to E. coli UTI. By following proper pharmacological guidelines, principles to use antibiotics and manage outpatient cases of UTIs, the incidence of MDR UTI can be controlled.

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Assessment of Urine Gram Stain and Urine Culture in the Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection

International Journal of Scientific Research ◽

10.15373/22778179/feb2014/156 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 472-473

Author(s):

Dr G Sucilathangam Dr G Sucilathangam ◽

◽

Dr G Velvizhi Dr G Velvizhi

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Urine Culture ◽

Gram Stain

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Comparative Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Gepotidacin to Nitrofurantoin in Treatment of Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Case Medical Research ◽

10.31525/ct1-nct04187144 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Efficacy And Safety

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URINARY INFECTION AT DEPARTMENT OF UROLOGY OF HUE UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY HOSPITAL

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2018.3.16 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 100-108

Author(s):

Dinh Khanh Le ◽

Dinh Dam Le ◽

Khoa Hung Nguyen ◽

Xuan My Nguyen ◽

Minh Nhat Vo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Urine Culture ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

University Hospital ◽

E Coli ◽

Positive Urine ◽

Tract Infections

Objectives: To investigate clinical characteristics, bacterial characteristics, drug resistance status in patients with urinary tract infections treated at Department of Urology, Hue University Hospital. Materials and Method: The study was conducted in 474 patients with urological disease treated at Department of Urology, Hue Universiry Hospital from July 2017 to April 2018. Urine culture was done in the patients with urine > 25 Leu/ul who have symptoms of urinary tract disease or infection symptoms. Patients with positive urine cultures were analyzed for clinical and bacterial characteristics. Results: 187/474 (39.5%) patients had symptoms associated with urinary tract infections. 85/474 (17.9%) patients were diagnosed with urinary tract infection. The positive urine culture rate was 45.5%. Symptoms of UTI were varied, and no prominent symptoms. E. coli accounts for the highest proportion (46.67%), followed by, Staphycoccus aureus (10.67%), Pseudomonas aeruginsa (8,0%), Streptococcus faecali and Proteus (2.67%). ESBL - producing E. coli was 69.23%, ESBL producing Enterobacter spp was 33.33%. Gram-negative bacteria are susceptible to meropenem, imipenem, amikacin while gram positive are vancomycin-sensitive. Conclusions: Clinical manifestations of urinary tract infections varied and its typical symptoms are unclear. E.coli is a common bacterium (46.67%). Isolated bacteria have a high rate of resistance to some common antibiotics especially the third generation cephalosporins and quinolones. Most bacteria are resistant to multiple antibiotics at the same time. Gram (+) bacteria are susceptible to vancomycin, and gram (-) bacteria are susceptible to cefoxitin, amikacin, and carbapenem. Key words: urinary tract infection

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