CLEAN CARIBBEAN COOPERATIVE

1979 ◽  
Vol 1979 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald A. Alberts
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Great Distance ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Response Effort ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Spill Control

ABSTRACT A number of oil companies operating in the Caribbean have formed the Clean Caribbean Cooperative (CCC) with the objective of enhancing the capability to promptly and efficiently respond to oil spills which cause, or threaten to cause, pollution damage to beaches, harbors, offshore islands, and waters of the Caribbean. CCC resources are available to respond to spills within the area bounded by the coasts of Central America, South America, and Panama. These resources are designed to be used in remote areas where little or no response capability is in place, as well as to supplement the present capability in certain other areas. CCC member companies agreed to share the costs of providing a source of materials, equipment, and services to be used in responding to an oil spill incident. Use of the equipment, as well as management of the total response effort, is the responsibility of the company or agency which is taking action to control the spill. The CCC as an organized unit does not engage in joint or collective action in transporting or operating the facilities, arranging for personnel, providing management, or in any way becoming part of the on-scene control activity at the spill site. Because of the large area of the Caribbean, surface transportation cannot be relied on totally to bring resources to a spill at a great distance from locations where the oil industry and other agencies have oil spill cleanup capability in place. Therefore, the CCC leased a select stockpile of equipment which is kept in readiness for prompt dispatch by air. Because of the great variation in conditions surrounding an oil spill, control measures cannot be expected to be 100% effective in preventing any damage. However, by rapidly initiating action under a preplanned response system, the ability to avoid or substantially mitigate the effects of an oil spill is greatly enhanced.

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL OIL SPILL CONTROL TRAINING PROGRAM

1981 ◽  
Vol 1981 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Roy W. Hann ◽  
Harry N. Young
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
International Response ◽  
Technical Content ◽  
The Status ◽  
United Nations Environmental Program ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Spill Control

ABSTRACT After viewing the oil spill from the supertanker Metula in 1974 and observing the state of preparedness to deal with oil spills in Chile and other countries, the need for a stronger program was evident. With encouragement from the International Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO) and others, a training course was developed to complement the IMCO and United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) programs which subsequently has been presented on a regional basis in the Caribbean, the Mediterranean, the West African area, and Brazil. The support the UNEP Regional Seas Program and at the same time ensure that the faculty of the training program has a realistic knowledge of the problems in a given area, a series of reports has been commissioned on the status of oil pollution and oil pollution control in the various regions. The report on the Caribbean has been completed and reports on Southeast Asia and West Africa are in the final stages of preparation. This paper will discuss the format and technical content of the training courses and the format and technical content of the supporting studies. The authors will also discuss trends in international response responsibility and methods evident from their studies and from their interaction with the students in the course.

A GIS planning model for urban oil spill management

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Li
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Planning Model ◽  
Local Conservation ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Environmental Features ◽  
And Control ◽  
The City

Oil spills in industrialized cities pose a significant threat to their urban water environment. The largest city in Canada, the city of Toronto, has an average 300–500 oil spills per year with an average total volume of about 160,000 L/year. About 45% of the spills was eventually cleaned up. Given the enormous amount of remaining oil entering into the fragile urban ecosystem, it is important to develop an effective pollution prevention and control plan for the city. A Geographic Information System (GIS) planning model has been developed to characterize oil spills and determine preventive and control measures available in the city. A database of oil spill records from 1988 to 1997 was compiled and geo-referenced. Attributes to each record such as spill volume, oil type, location, road type, sector, source, cleanup percentage, and environmental impacts were created. GIS layers of woodlots, wetlands, watercourses, Environmental Sensitive Areas, and Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest were obtained from the local Conservation Authority. By overlaying the spill characteristics with the GIS layers, evaluation of preventive and control solutions close to these environmental features was conducted. It was found that employee training and preventive maintenance should be improved as the principal cause of spills was attributed to human errors and equipment failure. Additionally, the cost of using oil separators at strategic spill locations was found to be $1.4 million. The GIS model provides an efficient planning tool for urban oil spill management. Additionally, the graphical capability of GIS allows users to integrate environmental features and spill characteristics in the management analysis.

JAPANESE GOVERNMENTAL AND INDUSTRIAL MEASURES FOR THE CONTROL OF MARINE OIL SPILLS

1979 ◽  
Vol 1979 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-267
Author(s):  
Chikao Funatani
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
Marine Disaster ◽  
Marine Oil Spills ◽  
Marine Disasters ◽  
Prevention Center ◽  
Spill Control

ABSTRACT Development of an effective oil spill control system in Japan was spurred by two marine disasters in 1974 which brought about an organizational and physical reinforcement of the nation's capability to respond to oil spills. This paper describes today's legal structure for oil spill control, the organizational concepts used at various levels to provide joint efforts by government agencies and industry, the role of the Marine Disaster Prevention Center which serves as the nucleus of the necessary control operations, and research and development highlights of ongoing Japanese efforts to prevent, control, and clean up oil spills.

TECHNICAL SUPPORT OF SPILL CONTROL OPERATIONS

1977 ◽  
Vol 1977 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-103
Author(s):  
James P. Marum ◽  
Walter R. Quanstrom ◽  
Robert G. Will
Keyword(s):  
Support Group ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Technical Support ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
After Effects ◽  
Spill Control ◽  
Standard Oil Company ◽  
Oil Company ◽  
Line Management

ABSTRACT Standard Oil Company (Indiana) has established a corporate technical support group to strengthen its response to oil spills and their after-effects. The primary function of this group is to advise and provide consultation to line management of the Amoco companies in dealing with the environmental problems resulting from a spill. Specialists in the group include personnel skilled in control and cleanup techniques, a terrestrial ecologist, a marine biologist, an aquifer specialist, a soils engineer, an experienced water chemist and several others. One or more members of the group proceed to the scene of a spill upon request as provided for in the contingency plans of the various Amoco subsidiaries. On arriving at the scene, the techical support group surveys the spill situation, makes an environmental damage appraisal, evaluates the spill control measures underway, and then makes recommendations on spill control priorities and techniques. Members of the group also document the immediate and subsequent environmental effects of the spill. Line management has found it especially valuable to have their own experts at the scene to meet with various governmental and private experts. Two case histories describing the involvement of the corporate technical support group in control of gasoline spills are presented.

PREVENTION AND ABATEMENT OF MARINE POLLUTION IN TUNISIAN COMMERCIAL PORTS

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (2) ◽  
pp. 1449-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Hazelton ◽  
Robert M. Sargent ◽  
Erich R. Gundlach ◽  
Mohamed Anis Boussetta ◽  
Ahmed Ben Djebara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Merchant Marine ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Oil Transportation ◽  
Contingency Plans ◽  
Private And Public

ABSTRACT In addition to having ports that ship and receive oil and other commercial products by sea, the Republic of Tunisia is exposed to potential spills from vessels that are routed close to shore as they transit the Mediterranean. This paper summarizes a study that was conducted to evaluate Tunisia's commercial ports' oil spill contingency plans, response equipment, and response management systems, for the purposes of increasing the spill response capability of the Tunisian Office of the Merchant Marine and Ports (OMMP) and bringing each plan up to criteria established by Tunisia's 1996 oil spill legislation and international standards. The four ports evaluated were Bizerte, Tunis-Goulette-Radès (TGR), Sfax, and Zarzis. Interviews and discussions were conducted with representatives of the OMMP, the Agency for Environmental Protection (ANPE), the Tunisian Petroleum Activities Enterprise (ETAP), the Tunisian Navy and Merchant Marine, the Directorate General of Energy, the state-owned oil transportation company (TRAPSA), and selected private sector oil companies. The equipment review entailed analysis of existing equipment in each port, potential spill size and location, time to respond, and environmentally sensitive areas needing protection. Specific recommendations were made for improving the readiness posture of Tunisia's commercial ports and for the purchase of additional spill-response equipment and services. Implementation of these recommendations will result in a significantly improved capability on the part of the private and public sector users of Tunisia's commercial ports to respond effectively to marine oil spills, should one occur. This paper highlights the readiness capability of each port and the extent of oil transportation activities, and provides recommendations to improve response via equipment purchases, improvement of the existing response management system, implementation of a training and exercise program, and changes to the port contingency plans.

A Comparative Study on Emergency Materials and Equipment for Oil Spills

2012 ◽  
Vol 490-495 ◽  
pp. 3039-3043
Author(s):  
Fan Jie Kong ◽  
Ming Xie ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Shu Shen Zhang ◽  
Su Ling Liu
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Ecological Situation ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
And Control ◽  
Offshore Oil ◽  
Increased Pressure

With increasing import and export volumes of oil products in China, port terminals are under increased pressure to prevent water pollution. The prevention of offshore oil spill accidents, and the remedial and control measures for such accidents are one of the most important aspects of maritime management, and are also major issues for the entire shipping industry. This paper describes different emergency materials and equipment for oil spill management and describes the use of these techniques in domestic and international ports. Suggested changes to port emergency materials and equipment are also described, based on the processing capabilities for oil spills in different situations, combined with the port's environmental characteristics and ecological situation

scholarly journals Hydraulic Analysis of Oil Spill Control Systems in Transformer Stations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia Fan
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Hydraulic Analysis ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Spill Control ◽  
The City

Electrical transformer stations use transformer oil to increase the efficiency of the electrical voltage transfer and to reduce the moisture and air in an electrical transformer. Each year, there is a high probability of spilling the transformer oil accidentally into the environment. Some spill events contain large volume of transformer oil. The objective of this thesis is to investigate oil spill control systems for spilled transformer oil during all operating and weathering conditions at a Hydro One's transformer station near the city of Burlington. This thesis examines the design of (1) oil trap systems which trap the spilled transformer oil and (2) the oil back-up systems thick back up the transformer oil spills to the transformer station. This research focuses primarily on Hydro One's transformer stations and the normal operation conditions in Ontario.

OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY PLANNING FOR MAJOR TERMINALS AND SENSITIVE AREAS

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
C. Jones ◽  
J. P. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Staff Training ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Response Strategy ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Resource Levels ◽  
Spill Control

The BP Exploration approach to oil spill control can be summed up as prevention and preparedness. In all cases our primary objective is to prevent oil spills occurring. However despite careful attention to plant design, staff training, auditing etc., oil may sometimes be spilled.For any operation, effective oil spill ontingency planning depends on having a sound understanding of the local ecological and environmental sensitivities, physical conditions and the nature, size and risks of potential spills. This information allows the definition of response strategy and appropriate resource levels (equipment and personnel). However the mere provision of resources is insufficient; equipment maintenance, staff training, oil spill exercises (planned and unannounced), agreement of responsibilities with external authorities and periodic reviews are regarded as essential to ensure adequacy of response.The implementation of these principles is demonstrated using the development and continued evolution of the oil spill plan for Sullom Voe, a major North Sea oil terminal handling ca 1 million barrels of crude per day. Changes have been made to the plan to take account of technological advances and the lessons learned from actual spills in Sullom Voe, Port Valdez and elsewhere.Oil spill contingency arrangements for onshore and nearshore exploration drilling are also considered, illustrated with recent English (on and offshore Wytch Farm) and Scottish west coast examples. The principles adopted for spill planning at oil terminals have been found to apply equally to E & P operations in sensitive areas.The paper concludes with a brief comparison of the relative costs of efforts to prevent spills with the costs of spill cleanup and damages.

The Oil Pollution act of 1990: Key Provisions and Implications

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 (1) ◽  
pp. 695-697
Author(s):  
David M. Bovet ◽  
Charles R. Corbett
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Financial Responsibility ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Oil Transportation ◽  
National Response ◽  
New Construction

ABSTRACT The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 establishes a system of oil spill liability, compensation and financial responsibility at levels not contemplated prior to the Exxon Valdez incident. Furthermore, it does so while preserving states’ prerogatives and rejects the international solution embodied in the 1984 Protocols to the 1969 Civil Liability and 1971 Fund Conventions. The act requires new contingency planning by both industry and government and sets new construction, manning, and licensing requirements. It increases penalties, broadens enforcement responsibilities of the federal government, and enhances states’ participation in the national response program. It also establishes a billion dollar federal trust fund to supplement the liability of responsible parties. The act is likely to result in safer tanker operations and to reduce the threat of oil spills in U.S. waters. These environmental improvements will be paid for by U.S. oil consumers. Other implications include the following:Reassessment of involvement in U.S. oil transportation by both independents and oil majorsEnhanced preparedness by responsible partiesA gradual rise in freight ratesCorporate restructuring to shield liabilityFewer small oil companies and independent carriers in U.S. tradesPotential disruptions linked to new certificates of financial responsibilityPotential shortages of Alaskan trade tonnageHeightened presence of state governments in oil spill incidents, oil spill legislation, and enforcement

OIL SPILL TREATMENT STRATEGY MODELING FOR GEORGES BANK

1979 ◽  
Vol 1979 (1) ◽  
pp. 685-692
Author(s):  
Peter C. Cornillon ◽  
Malcolm L. Spaulding ◽  
Kurt Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Georges Bank ◽  
Particle In Cell ◽  
Oil Dispersant ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Spill Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spilled Oil

ABSTRACT As part of a larger project assessing the environmental impact of treated versus untreated oil spills, a fates model has been developed which tracks both the surface and subsurface oil. The approach used to spread, drift, and evaporate the surface slick is similar to that in most other oil spill models. The subsurface technique, however, makes use of a modified particle-in-cell method which diffuses and advects individual oil/dispersant droplets representative of a large number of similar droplets. This scheme predicts the time-dependent oil concentration distribution in the water column, which can then be employed as input to a fisheries population model. In addition to determining the fate of the untreated spill, the model also allows for chemical treatment and/or mechanical cleanup of the spilled oil. With this capability, the effectiveness of different oil spill control and removal strategies can be quantified. The model has been applied to simulate a 34,840 metric ton spill of a No. 2-type oil on Georges Bank. The concentration of oil in the water column and the surface slick trajectory are predicted as a function of time for chemically treated and untreated spills occurring in April and December. In each case, the impact on the cod fishery was determined and is described in detail in a paper by Reed and Spaulding presented at this conference.

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