Das Nationale Krebspräventionszentrum

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die Zahl der Krebserkrankungen wird sich in den nächsten Jahren deutlich erhöhen. Liegt die Zahl der Neuerkrankungen in Deutschland aktuell bei rund 500.000 pro Jahr, prognostizieren Experten für 2030 einen Anstieg um 20 % auf 600.000 Neuerkrankungen. Mit den zur Verfügung stehenden primärpräventiven Maßnahmen könnten schon heute rund 40 % aller Krebserkrankungen verhindert werden. Laut Schätzungen im europäischen Raum wäre über den gesamten translationalen Ansatz von Krebsforschung und onkologischer Versorgung einschließlich Ansätzen der Prävention ein krebsspezifisches 10-Jahres-Überleben von etwa 75 % im Jahr 2030 zu erreichen. Dennoch ist das Gesundheitswesen in Deutschland weit davon entfernt, dieses Potenzial voll auszuschöpfen – es fehlt an evidenzbasierten, kosteneffektiven und flächendeckenden Präventionsangeboten. Schlussfolgerung Ein systematischer Ausbau der angewandten Prävention und Präventionsforschung ist notwendig, um das Entstehen von Krebserkrankungen zu verhindern und den Anteil früh erkannter und mit heutigen Methoden heilbarer Krebserkrankungen messbar zu erhöhen. Hier setzt das im Herbst 2019 gemeinsam vom Deutschen Krebsforschungszentrum und der Deutschen Krebshilfe gegründete Nationale Krebspräventionszentrum an. Das Zentrum soll im Sinne eines Comprehensive Prevention Center hochrangige Präventionsforschung, Aus- und Weiterbildung sowie Öffentlichkeitsarbeit und Politikberatung direkt unter einem Dach vereinen und über Outreach-Programme und Netzwerkbildung flächendeckend implementieren. Dabei folgt es einer translationalen Strategie von der Grundlagenforschung bis hin zur Einführung neuer Methoden in evidenzbasierte flächendeckende Präventionssysteme.

COVID -19 in Geriatric Population

The causative factors of Coronavirus disease mainly the viruses. Through news we aware that pneumonia cases seen recently in Wuhan city, China. Due to unknown causes. Coronaviruses that cause illness such as a common cold. The Coronavirus infection identified with respiratory symptoms and pneumonia, the severe form of coronavirus infection mainly associated with death and low immune system patients. It is very important for us to more focus on geriatric people because in our countries, geriatric group people facing health problems at this present situation. According to articles Clinical Pathology, Pathogenesis, Immunopathology, and Mitigation Strategies, in that said geriatric people and low immune system patient with symptoms related history are more prone to COVID infection. But according to recent information by WHO all people are at risk of coronavirus but mostly geriatric people facing more risk of developing a severe respiratory infection. Geriatric people easily get coronavirus syndrome due to physical changes that occur as increasing age. There were 95% of these deaths seen in geriatric people above 60 years older. Above 50% of all fatal conditions occurred in geriatric people between 60- 80 years ago. There having disease control and prevention center, which indicate that rates of hospitalizations, intensive care unit admissions and mortality reported among COVID-19 cases in the United States are substantially higher among patients older than 45 years compared with younger patients, with case-fatality rates exceeding 1.4% among patients aged 55 to 64 years and exceeding 2.7% among those aged 65 to 74 years.

Investigating the Effectiveness of Group Training Based on Reforming Schema on Improving Individual and Social Health of Mothers’ Problems

Introduction: Due to the important role of the mothers in the families, identifying their early maladaptive schema can help us identify the problems that lead to unhealthy life education and provide the necessary and appropriate training programs to improve them. This study uses group training to reform schema in improving mothers' individual and social mental health who consulted the social damage prevention center. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of reforming schema on a mothers' problems. Methods: In this study, the quasi-experimental method was used. The study population was all the mothers who had parenting problems in the last two years and have consulted the social damage prevention center. Nonrandom sampling was used for our statistical census. Therefore, 100 mothers at hand were selected nonrandomly, and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) was conducted on them as a pre-test. Then, 24 mothers who obtained the lowest scores were randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control, in each of which there were 12 participants. The experimental group received training in 10 sections for 90 minutes, while the control group did not receive any training. Afterward, a post-test was conducted for each group, and the results of the two groups were compared. Results: A covariance analysis test was used to test the hyper hypotheses. The results showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the individual's mental health and social mental health variables (p < 0.001). Thus, hypotheses 1 and 2 were approved in our study. In other words, the comparison of the average in two variables after the post-test of experimental and control groups showed that mothers trained according to reforming schem, had better social and mental health. With approximately 90%, it can be said that the training based on reforming schema effectively increases the social and individual health of the mothers challenging with parenting problems.

Numerical Simulations of Large Forest Fires in the East Coastal Region of Korea Considering the Yangganjipung Local Wind

The east coastal region in Gangwon-do, Korea, has a high risk of large forest fires in the spring owing to the local wind called Yangganjipung. The East Coast forest fire of April 2000, the Yangyang forest fire of April 2005, and the Goseong forest fire of April 2019 are examples of large-scale forest fires caused by Yangganjipung. In the spring, the low pressure in the south and the high pressure in the north in Korea result in a western wind. This western wind is called Yangganjipung, and it exhibits characteristics of high temperatures, dryness, and high wind speeds over the Taebaek Mountains. Given that the risk of large forest fires is high in the east coastal region, the local government has established a forest fire prevention center to respond efficiently to such events. However, limitations pertaining to controlling the natural environment and limited equipment and workforce exist. In this study, the characteristics of previous forest fires in the east coastal region were analyzed through case studies, and two-dimensional numerical simulations of the Goseong forest fire of April 2019 were performed. The spreads of the predicted and actual forest fires were similar. In addition, forest fire spreading can be predicted more accurately if the model is improved by clarifying the terrain and fuel details. An effective plan for providing evacuation routes and resource allocation to mitigate large forest fires can thus be achieved using numerical simulation results.

The animal bites cases in Meybod and Ardakan cities of Iran

Rabies is one of the most common diseases between humans and animals and is an important public health priority. This study was performed to investigate the epidemiological features of animal bites referred to rabies prevention centers in Meybod and Ardakan towns (Iran) in 2018 and 2019. The present research was a cross-sectional descriptive study. All cases of animal bites registered in the rabies prevention center of Meybod and Ardakan cities during 2018 and 2019 were investigated. The data was analyzed for demographic and epidemiological information using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Finally, was analyzed by SPSS version 20. The results of the study showed that 848 cases of animal bites have occurred in two cities, which is more common in adolescents and males. The most common animals causing bite were cats and dogs in these areas. Because of the large number of animal bites in the mentioned cities, the need for planning for educational and care activities to reduce the cases of bites is recommended

An Investigation on the Cases of Bitten by Animals in Yazd City

Common diseases between humans and animals are an important public health priority. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of animal bite referring to rabies prevention centers in Yazd University of Medical Sciences in 2018. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. All cases of animal bite were examined in the rabies prevention center of Yazd city during 2018. Demographic and epidemiological data were analyzed using SPSS 19 software. The results of the study show that 1,750 cases of bite occurred in adolescents and males. In this study, the most common bite was in the age group of 15 to 19 (33.3%) in terms of age distribution. The most common animal was bitten by cats in urban areas. According to the bite season, the highest bite in this study was summer and the lowest in spring. Given the high incidence of bite in the province, it is recommended to plan for educational and care activities to reduce the incidence of bite

An Evaluation of Post-Concussion Return to School Guidelines: A Survey of Massachusetts School Nurses

Although all states have legislation pertaining to youth sports concussion, most of these laws focus on return-to-play procedures; only a few address return-to-learn (RTL) accommodations for students who have experienced a concussion. To address this gap in the legislation, some states and nongovernmental organizations have developed RTL guidelines to advise school personnel, parents, and health care providers on best practices for accommodating students' postconcussion reintegration into academic activity. In 2018, the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH) developed RTL guidelines which were disseminated to school nurses (SNs) at all public and nonpublic middle and high schools in the state. In 2020, the MDPH engaged the Injury Prevention Center at Boston Medical Center to survey Massachusetts SNs to assess the usefulness of the guidelines. The response rate was 63%; 92% found the booklet extremely useful or moderately useful; and 70% endorsed that the booklet fostered collaboration among stakeholders.

One-stop-shop for cancer screening: A model for the future.

10554 Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. Early detection will often greatly reduce mortality for many cancers, increase treatment effectiveness, and improve the quality of life for cancer patients, and, by implementing evidence-based prevention strategies, 30–50% of cancers can be prevented. Screening for different cancer types separately is inefficient. A solution is the Integrated Cancer Prevention Center (ICPC), a program with specialists in each discipline who test for multiple cancers during one visit. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study of 17,104 self-referred, asymptomatic patients who visited the Integrative Cancer Prevention Center (ICPC) between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2019. Clinical, laboratory, and epidemiological data were recorded by multiple specialists. Patients were given follow-up recommendations and diagnoses when appropriate. The primary measure was the detection and staging of new malignant lesions. Secondary measures included cost-benefit and mortality benefit. Results: We screened 8618 men and 8486 women with an average age of 47.11 ± 11.71 years. Of 259 cancers detected through the ICPC, 49 (18.9%) were stage 0, 115 (44.4%) were stage I, 31 (12%) were stage II, 25 (9.7%) were stage III, and 32 (12.4%) were stage IV. Seventeen cancers were missed, only six of which were within the scope of the ICPC, and 189 cancers developed > one year after the last visit to the ICPC. Compared to the stage of detection for cancers in the US, all cancers except for colon were detected at an earlier stage at the ICPC. Lung was the most significant with 86.7% of cancers detected at stage 0, I, or II at the ICPC compared to only 49.3% caught at those stages in the US. Conclusions: This is a proof of concept for a one-stop-shop approach to asymptomatic cancer screening in a multidisciplinary outpatient clinic. It offers evidence that this screening framework can and should be replicated in other healthcare settings and on a national policy level as it saves lives and money. The encouraging results presented here should further the conversation about the utility of screening and add momentum to the movement for increased screening.[Table: see text]

Global Health Security Capacity Against COVID-19 Outbreak: An Analysis of Annual Data from 210 Countries and Territories

Objectives: To review the most recent GHS index annual report to observe the regional and global level of health security against the COVID-19 outbreak, as well as their relationship with the case fatality rate, among 210 countries and territories worldwide. Methods: We analyzed October 2019 GHS index, to assess the capacity of health security-based on the GHS index in the context of six categories. We prioritized not only the capacities of 210 countries and territories around the world using the GHS index but also the existence of functional capabilities to prevent pandemics at the source. Data were collected from global databases, including Worldometer, WHO, and Disease Control and Prevention Center (CDC). Results: This study collected data on 210 countries and territories, of which up to April 14, 2020, 72 countries (34.28%) with more than 1,000 total COVID-19 cases were present. In the most prepared group, the number of total COVID-19 diagnostic tests had a significant positive relationship with the GHS index (r = 0.713; P = 0.006). Case fatality rate was directly associated with the detection index (r = 0.304; P = 0.023) in more prepared group”. In the Lower-middle-income economies group, the case fatality rate was positively related to detection, response, and risk environment indices. Conclusions: With the exception of a very small number, countries that were ranked as most prepared countries were more likely to be affected by the COVID-19 outbreak of the virus and its health consequences and needed to seriously reconsider their capabilities and health security in the context of detection, prevention, rapid response, health system facilities, and risk environment against disease outbreak.