A numerical model to simulate the droplet formation process resulting from the release of diluted bitumen products in marine environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 449-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhao ◽  
Jagadish Torlapati ◽  
Thomas King ◽  
Brian Robinson ◽  
Michel C. Boufadel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Droplet Size Distribution ◽  
Droplet Formation ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Formation Model ◽  
Wave Effects ◽  
Cold Lake ◽  
Oil Droplet Size

ABSTRACT A numerical model that simulates the dispersion of oil due to the action of waves in the marine environment is presented. Model validations were performed in association with the wave tank experiments conducted in the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) Canada. Two dilbit products were considered: Access Western Blend and Cold Lake Blend. The oil droplet size distribution in the subsurface water column obtained from the experimental observations was reproduced using the droplet formation model. Special consideration was made for the simulation of wave effects on surface oil spills. Modeling results show the successful use of droplet formation model in the simulation of oil spills due to wave actions.

Effects of tip streaming on the prediction of droplet size distribution in the presence of dispersants during subsea blowouts

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 1212-1229
Author(s):  
Lin Zhao ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
Michel C. Boufadel ◽  
Thomas King ◽  
Brian Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Development ◽  
Droplet Size Distribution ◽  
Droplet Formation ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Formation Model ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Fluid Mixture ◽  
Micron Size ◽  
Daughter Droplets ◽  
Oil Jet

Abstract (2017-193) With the presence of surfactants in the fluid mixture, tip streaming phenomenon often occurs where daughter droplets of micron or sub-micron size are ejected from thin threads of the droplet poles. Recent experimental and modeling studies of tip streaming phenomenon have been focusing on the formation of individual droplets. However, effects of tip streaming on the prediction of droplet formation during subsurface oil blowouts have not been thoroughly investigated. Due to the high intensity flow in the blowout, the amount of micron or sub-micron size droplets resulting from tip streaming could be substantial and cannot be ignored. In this study, a new empirical-numerical scheme is developed in the thoroughly-validated droplet formation model, VDROP-J, to account for the tip streaming phenomenon when dispersants are presence. Calibration of the new scheme and model validations are performed in association with the underwater oil jet experiments. The new model development improves the capability of VDROP-J model in application to the cases when dispersants are used, which would provide valuable information of droplet formation during subsea blowouts for decision makers and research groups.

A GIS approach to mapping oil spills in a marine environment

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (21) ◽  
pp. 6297-6313 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Ivanov ◽  
V. V. Zatyagalova
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Oil Spills

scholarly journals From regional to local scale modelling on the south-eastern Brazilian shelf: case study of Paranaguá estuarine system

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Augusto Stefanelo Franz ◽  
Paulo Leitão ◽  
Aires dos Santos ◽  
Manuela Juliano ◽  
Ramiro Neves
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Resonance Phenomenon ◽  
Estuarine System ◽  
The South ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Tidal Propagation ◽  
Tidal Potential

Abstract The applicability of a numerical model following a downscaling methodology was evaluated for the south-eastern Brazilian shelf (regional model) and Paranaguá estuarine system (local model). This approach permits the simulation of different scale processes, such as storm surges and coastal upwelling, and is suitable for operational forecasting purposes. When large areas are covered by regional models, the tidal propagation inside the domain can be significantly affected by the local tidal potential, mainly where the resonance phenomenon is observed. The south-eastern Brazilian shelf is known for the resonance of the third-diurnal principal lunar tidal constituent (M3), the largest amplitudes being found in the Paranaguá estuarine system. Therefore, the significance of the local tidal potential was assessed in this study for the most important tidal constituents inside the estuarine system (including M3). The model validation was performed with tidal gauge data, Argo float profiles and satellite measurements of Sea Surface Temperature. The methodology described in this study can be replicated for other important estuarine systems located on the south-eastern Brazilian shelf. Furthermore, the numerical model was developed within a perspective of operational nowcast/forecast simulations, useful for several activities such as navigation and response to emergencies (e.g., oil spills).

scholarly journals OIL SPILL INCIDENTS AND DISPERSANT APPLICATIONS IN KUWAIT

1987 ◽  
Vol 1987 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-253
Author(s):  
Salah M. Al-Mazidi ◽  
Omar Samhan
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Coastal Environment ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
North And South

ABSTRACT Since the discovery of oil in Kuwait, most oil-related activities have been located along the coastline 50 km south of Kuwait City. Other related industrial activities have been developed in this area apart from oil and petroleum products export in order to diversify the national sources of income. For these reasons, the potential for large oil spills in Kuwait's marine environment is highest along the south coast, where oil refineries and exporting facilities are located. An average of 219 barrels of oil were spilled annually between 1979 and 1985, and 2,100 gallons of dispersants were used in cleanup operations. The majority of incidents involved less than 5 barrels of oil and 500 gallons of dispersants. Incidents involving more than 100 barrels of oil and 5,000 gallons of dispersants were confined to the Sea Island and Mina Al-Ahmadi North and South Piers. This distribution undoubtedly affects the concentration of petroleum residues in various components of the marine environment, resulting in an increase in tar ball density along this coast, reaching a maximum at Ras Az-Zor, and significantly higher levels of vanadium and petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments and oysters collected south of Mina Al-Ahmadi. The objective of this paper is to report on the number, volume, and frequency distribution of oil spill incidents in Kuwait and the usage of dispersants in cleanup operations. Vanadium and petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations also are described as is the sensitivity of the southern coastal environment to oil spills. Recommendations have been made on how to conduct cleanup operations for any future oil spill incidents along the southern shoreline of Kuwait.

scholarly journals Aerosol-landscape-cloud interaction: Signatures of topography effect on cloud droplet formation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Romakkaniemi ◽  
Zubair Maalick ◽  
Antti Hellsten ◽  
Antti Ruuskanen ◽  
Olli Väisänen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Water ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Cloud Droplet ◽  
Droplet Size Distribution ◽  
Liquid Water Content ◽  
Droplet Formation ◽  
Cloud Base ◽  
Topography Effect ◽  
Boreal Environment ◽  
The Hill

Abstract. Long-term in situ measurements of aerosol-cloud interactions are usually performed in measurement stations residing on hills, mountains, or high towers. In such conditions, the surface topography of the surrounding area can affect the measured cloud droplet distributions by increasing turbulence or causing orographic flows and thus the observations might not be representative for a larger scale. The objective of this work is to analyse, how the local topography affects the observations at Puijo measurement station, which is located in the 75 m high Puijo tower, which itself stands on a 150 m high hill. The analysis of the measurement data shows that the observed cloud droplet number concentration mainly depends on the CCN concentration. However, when the wind direction aligns with the direction of the steepest slope of the hill, a clear topography effect is observed. This finding was further analysed by simulating 3D flow fields around the station and by performing trajectory ensemble modelling of aerosol- and wind-dependent cloud droplet formation. The results showed that in typical conditions, with geostrophic winds of about 10 m s−1, the hill can cause updrafts of up to 1 m s−1 in the air parcels arriving at the station. This is enough to produce in-cloud supersaturations higher than typically found at the cloud base (SS of ~ 0.2 %), and thus additional cloud droplets may form inside the cloud. In the observations, this is seen in the form of a bi-modal cloud droplet size distribution. The effect is strongest with high winds across the steepest slope of the hill and with low liquid water contents, and its relative importance quickly decreases as these conditions are relaxed. We therefore conclude that, after careful screening for wind speed and liquid water content, the observations at Puijo measurement station can be considered representative for clouds in a boreal environment.

scholarly journals “Candidatus Colwellia aromaticivorans” sp. nov., “Candidatus Halocyntiibacter alkanivorans” sp. nov., and “Candidatus Ulvibacter alkanivorans” sp. nov. Genome Sequences

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana E. Campeão ◽  
Jean Swings ◽  
Bruno Sergio Silva ◽  
Koko Otsuki ◽  
Fabiano L. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Genome Sequence Analysis ◽  
Offshore Production ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

Unplanned oil spills during offshore production are a serious problem for the industry and the marine environment. Here, we present the genome sequence analysis of three novel hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, namely, “Candidatus Colwellia aromaticivorans” sp.

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