Characterization of Pretreatment for Barley straw by Alkaline Solutions

The PbO2 film electrodes have been prepared by different electrodeposition process onto aluminum substrate.The electrochemical activity of the electrode for oxygen evolution reaction in 50g•L-1Zn2++150g•L-1H2SO4 solutions have been studied. The results show that the best activity of the electrodes obtained A1/conductive coating was electrodepositing PbO2 in alkaline lead solutions firstly, then plating PbO2 in acidic lead nitrate solutions. This can be attributed to the conductivity of the substrate, the crystal phase structure and property of PbO2. SEM-EDX analysis shows the beta-form, deposited from acidic solutions of Pb(II), has a distorted rutite structure, and the alpha-form, deposited from alkaline solutions, has the spherical cell. The high non- stoichiometry of PbO2 was obtained in alkaline lead solutions.

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Evaluation of Very Dilute Alkaline Solutions for Wafer Cleaning with Megasonic Irradiation

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.195.181 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 195 ◽

pp. 181-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ji Hyun Jeong ◽

Bong Kyun Kang ◽

Min Su Kim ◽

Hong Seong Sohn ◽

Ahmed A. Busnaina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Contaminants ◽

Ammonium Hydroxide ◽

Alkaline Solutions ◽

Particle Removal ◽

Semiconductor Wafer ◽

Material Loss ◽

Wafer Cleaning ◽

Chemical Residues ◽

Ionic Contamination

In the semiconductor wafer cleaning, ammonium hydroxide based APM (ammonium peroxide mixture) has been widely used to remove particles and organic contaminants [. However as the film thickness and line width of semiconductor structure scales down rapidly, the material losses by etching reaction of alkaline chemicals can cause serious problem in yield loss due to electric failure. The presence of H2O2 could enhance the material loss on silicon wafer. Very dilute alkaline chemicals might be of interest since it could minimize any possible ionic contamination or chemical residues from chemicals as long as we control the surface roughness and particle removal efficiency. Also the characterization of these very dilute alkaline chemicals will be very useful for particle removal in gas dissolved DI water.

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Structural and physico-chemical characterization of hemicelluloses from ultrasound-assisted extractions of partially delignified fast-growing poplar wood through organic solvent and alkaline solutions

Biotechnology Advances ◽

10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.05.016 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 583-593 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

Tong-Qi Yuan ◽

Feng Xu ◽

Jing He ◽

Run-Cang Sun

Keyword(s):

Organic Solvent ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Alkaline Solutions ◽

Poplar Wood ◽

Fast Growing ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

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Electrochemical behavior of Ag-Cu alloy in alkaline media

Hemijska industrija ◽

10.2298/hemind100114005g ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 105-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vesna Grekulovic ◽

Mirjana Rajcic-Vujasinovic ◽

Zoran Stevic

Keyword(s):

Electrochemical Behaviour ◽

Pure Copper ◽

Alkaline Media ◽

Alkaline Solutions ◽

Cyclic Voltammograms ◽

Pure Silver ◽

Cu Alloy ◽

Current Densities ◽

Wide Potential

Results of the investigation of electrochemical behaviour of Ag-Cu alloy containing 50 mass% Ag and 50 mass% Cu are presented in this paper. Pure silver and copper were investigated, too. Working electrodes were prepared by metallurgical process. 1 mol dm-3 and 0.5 mol dm-3 solutions of NaOH are chosen as the electrolyte. On the cyclic voltammograms, some current waves corresponding to number and quantity of phases present in the investigated electrodes appeared and they can be used for characterization of investigated alloy. On the voltammogram recorded for pure silver, two anodic and two cathodic peaks appeared. First peak consisted of two joined current waves which can be ascribed to the formation of the two different types of silver(I) oxide, Ag2O. Second peak should correspond to the formation of silver(II) oxide, AgO. Voltammogram obtained for pure copper exhibits one broad current wave corresponding to the formation of copper oxides, followed by a wide potential area in which copper is completely passive. At 0.4 V vs. SCE, current starts to increase again due to oxygen evolution and probably due to simultaneous dissolution of copper with formation of CuO22- as a product. In alkaline solutions copper has no significant influence on the shape and current values of the voltammograms recorded for Ag-Cu alloy; however, it has an influence only on the anodic and cathodic peak potentials, which are shifted to more negative values in comparison to Ag. It could mean an easier formation of oxides and their harder reduction. Comparing voltammograms recorded for Ag-Cu alloy in 0.5 moldm-3 NaOH and in 1 moldm-3 NaOH solutions, one can see that current waves appear at more positive potentials on the voltammograms obtained in the solution of lower concentration and with much higher current densities than those on the voltammograms obtained in the solution of higher concentration.

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Investigation of sodium borohydride and hydrazine oxidation on gold nanoparticles modified zinc–cobalt coating

Chemija ◽

10.6001/chemija.v30i3.4048 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aušrinė Zabielaitė ◽

Aldona Balčiūnaitė ◽

Dijana Šimkūnaitė ◽

Jūratė Vaičiūnienė ◽

Algirdas Selskis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrochemical Oxidation ◽

Sodium Borohydride ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Low Cost ◽

Titanium Substrate ◽

Optical Emission ◽

Alkaline Solutions ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Cobalt Coating

This work presents the investigation of the electrochemical oxidation of hydrazine and sodium borohydride ions in alkaline solutions on the Au nanoparticles modified ZnCo coating surface, which was deposited on the titanium substrate (termed as AuZnCo/Ti). The AuZnCo/Ti catalysts were prepared via a facile electrochemical deposition technique followed by a simple and low-cost galvanic displacement. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy were used for characterization of the prepared catalysts surface morphology, structure and composition, whereas their electrocatalytic behaviour was investigated for the electrochemical oxidation of hydrazine and sodium borohydride in an alkaline medium using cyclic voltammetry. It has been determined that the AuZnCo/Ti catalysts with Au loadings of 31, 63 and 306 µg cm–2 show enhanced catalytic activity towards the electrochemical oxidation of both hydrazine and sodium borohydride as compared to that of the ZnCo/Ti catalyst.

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Characterization of Sugar Industry Waste (Filter Cake) and Agro-waste Crop Residue as Potential Source of Livestock Feed Raw Materials

10.21203/rs.3.rs-36941/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Adugna Ayu Abera ◽

Ramesh D Duraisamy ◽

Tolera Badessa Seda

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Filter Cake ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Sugar Industry ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Barley Straw ◽

Mineral Matter ◽

Livestock Feed

Abstract The potential searching on sources of livestock feed material is the major constrain in the sustainability of livestock sector for the future. The utilization of cereal crop residues (CCRs) is limited because they contain a large proportion of lignocellulosic compounds and little nitrogen. The filter cake is a poorly studied potential as forage for ruminants. In addition, they show higher fiber content. The analysis on characterization of filter cake, Teff straw, barley straw and corn cob were carried out through proximate analysis such as moisture content (MC), dry mater (DM), organic dry matter (ODM), ash content (AC), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), Elemental analyzer, UV-Visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used for analyzing the elemental profiles and functional feed constitutions. The proximate analysis of raw material feed stocks (in %) contains in the range of DM (96. 54 ± 0.7-89.5±0.5), ODM (98.33±0.3-79.4±0.4), MC (3.45±0.7-10.5±0.5), CP (2.32±0.58-12.92±0.36), CF (15.5±0.50-85±0.5), AC (1.69±0.03-20.6±0), FT (1.44±0.1-10.5±0.82), Carbohydrates (45.27- 90.42), energy value (327.26- 386.56 kcal.) and Sucrose of (3.85±0.83). And its elemental compositions can be addressed by their mineral matter contain up 1.69±0.03-20.6±0 %.The moisture content and dry matter contents may vary depends on factors such as cultivator of crops and cane, location, climate, dry length, soil pest diseases, cultivation practices, the harvesting practice and the processing of cans and crops. Large quantities of fibrous crop residues are already used as animal feed in many areas across these countries. There are too many areas in developing countries where ruminant livestock starves due to lack of feed. So this study shows that the direction of searching and compensating the availability of such important croup residues and the sugar industry by product (filter cake) as the raw sources of livestock feeds.

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