scholarly journals Characterization of Sugar Industry Waste (Filter Cake) and Agro-waste Crop Residue as Potential Source of Livestock Feed Raw Materials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adugna Ayu Abera ◽  
Ramesh D Duraisamy ◽  
Tolera Badessa Seda
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Livestock Feed

Abstract The potential searching on sources of livestock feed material is the major constrain in the sustainability of livestock sector for the future. The utilization of cereal crop residues (CCRs) is limited because they contain a large proportion of lignocellulosic compounds and little nitrogen. The filter cake is a poorly studied potential as forage for ruminants. In addition, they show higher fiber content. The analysis on characterization of filter cake, Teff straw, barley straw and corn cob were carried out through proximate analysis such as moisture content (MC), dry mater (DM), organic dry matter (ODM), ash content (AC), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), Elemental analyzer, UV-Visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used for analyzing the elemental profiles and functional feed constitutions. The proximate analysis of raw material feed stocks (in %) contains in the range of DM (96. 54 ± 0.7-89.5±0.5), ODM (98.33±0.3-79.4±0.4), MC (3.45±0.7-10.5±0.5), CP (2.32±0.58-12.92±0.36), CF (15.5±0.50-85±0.5), AC (1.69±0.03-20.6±0), FT (1.44±0.1-10.5±0.82), Carbohydrates (45.27- 90.42), energy value (327.26- 386.56 kcal.) and Sucrose of (3.85±0.83). And its elemental compositions can be addressed by their mineral matter contain up 1.69±0.03-20.6±0 %.The moisture content and dry matter contents may vary depends on factors such as cultivator of crops and cane, location, climate, dry length, soil pest diseases, cultivation practices, the harvesting practice and the processing of cans and crops. Large quantities of fibrous crop residues are already used as animal feed in many areas across these countries. There are too many areas in developing countries where ruminant livestock starves due to lack of feed. So this study shows that the direction of searching and compensating the availability of such important croup residues and the sugar industry by product (filter cake) as the raw sources of livestock feeds.

Intake and Digestibility of Barley Straw by Goats : Effect of Ammonia Treatment of Straw and Straw-Previously-Refused by Goats

1987 ◽  
Vol 1987 ◽  
pp. 67-67
Author(s):  
R.A. Wahed ◽  
E. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Ammonia Treatment ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
By Products ◽  
Feeding Systems

Wahed and Owen (1986) reported a 0.33 increase in barley straw dry matter (DM) intake when stall-fed goats were allowed to refuse 0.5 of the amount offered rather than the 0.2, or less, allowed in conventional ad lib feeding. This approach offers a possible strategy for maximising intake and improving utilization of straw in Third World countries developing stall feeding systems for goats based on crop residues and other by-products. Generous feeding of straw (say allowing refusal-rates of 0.5 of amounts offered) could be followed by the refeeding of refusals after treating them with ammonia.The experiment was undertaken to investigate refeeding straw previously refused by goats and to measure the effect of ammonia-treating such refusals on Intake and digestibility. Barley straw and refusals (0.5 of amount offered) of the same straw were chopped and half of each material treated with ammonia (0.11 of 330 g NH3/kg solution per kg straw in sealed plastic bags for 30 days).

Characterization of Various Types Coal Using Capacitance Measurement Technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 1112 ◽  
pp. 506-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didied Haryono ◽  
Desiani ◽  
Mahfudz Al Huda ◽  
Warsito P. Taruno ◽  
Marlin R. Baidillah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Capacitive Sensor ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Capacitance Measurement ◽  
Rank One ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Signal Characterization

Each type of coal has different composition and properties, which determine the coal rank. One of the new methods for determining the quality of coal is by measuring its capacitance. It is formerly known that the difference in the moisture content of coal can be determined from the difference in its dielectric properties. The purpose of this paper is to characterize the various types of coal based on capacitance measurement. The samples used are Lignite, Sub-bituminous, Bituminous, and Anthracite. The proximate analysis testing was done to determine the content of moisture, volatile matter, ash, and fixed carbon. Capacitance value is measured using 2-channel data acquisition system (DAS) and parallel plate capacitive sensor at frequency 2.5 MHz. The results shows that the capacitance values of each type of coal are different. The capacitance value is affected by moisture content of coal since the moisture content and capacitance value have a linear correlation. And also, the signal characterization using frequency from 1 kHz to 5 MHz was performed to verify whether the frequency used in the DAS is able to characterize coal types.

Rheological Properties of Diluted Pummelo Juice as Affected by Three Different Concentrations

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teong Guan Chuah ◽  
Samaneh Keshani ◽  
Nyuk L Chin ◽  
Mun Chien Lau ◽  
Daniel S.J. Chin
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Power Law Model ◽  
Rheological Characterization ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Strong Shear

Pummelo is a popular fruit that has great potential to be commercialized. The physico-chemical characterization of pummelo juice such as proximate analysis, pH, moisture content, protein, fat, carbohydrate, ash and fibre contents are investigated. The rheological characterization of pummelo juice was modeled by several models, such as Bingham, Power Law and Casson models. Regression analysis shows good agreements for all three models applied in this study. Pummelo juice exhibits pseudoplastic behaviour under the conditions tested, as indicated by flow behaviour indices (n) ranging from 0.1 to 0.9 from power law model, indicating strong shear-thinning behaviour.

scholarly journals Effect of Bulking Materials on Composting of Layer Litter

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-144
Author(s):  
F Alam ◽  
MA Hashem ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
SEM Rahman ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Tree Leaves ◽  
Saw Dust ◽  
Litter Composting

The experiment was carried out to examine the possibilities of making compost by using layer litter with different bulking materials and to assess the nutritive value of compost. To fulfill the objectives five treatments were considered e.g., anaerobic composting with layer litter (T1), layer litter with straw (T2), layer litter with tree leaves (T3), layer litter with crop residues (T4) and layer litter with saw dust (T5) under soil surface. The samples from composted materials were collected at 0, 10, 20 and 30 days for proximate analysis. At 0 day of layer litter composting DM content did not vary significantly (p>0.01) var ied in all treatments.. At 10 day of layer litter composting DM content was the highest in T4 (50.0%) and CF content was the highest in T2 (22.2%). CP content remained similar varied in all treatments. At 20 day of layer litter composting DM content was highest in T4 (51.5%), CP content was the highest in T4 (19.5%), CF content was the highest in T2 (18.0%), Ash content was the highest in T4 (18.5%). At 30 day of layer litter composting DM content was the highest in T2 (51.1%) and CP content was the highest in T4 (17.6%). The pH value decreased upto first tendays then gradually increased with the composting period and highest value was obtained by T1 (8.40) then followed by T2 (8.20), T3 (8.15), T5 (8.10) and T4 (8.00) (p<0.01) at 30 d of composting. The C/N ratios increased (p<0.01) in all treatments with the advancing of composting period and highest value was obtained in T4 (27.9) followed by T1 (26.7), T5 (26.3), T3 (26.2) and T2 (25.3) considerably with the composting period. So, it may be concluded that proximate composition of all samples at 20 days in T4 treatment was acceptable up to the end of composting period. However, composting layerlitter with crop residues (T4) was more effective compare to other treatments at 20 days of composting in terms of Dry matter, CP content, C/N ration and pH.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i1.22054 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 6(1): 141-144 2013

scholarly journals Characterization of Kowoe snail and its antioxidant activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haslianti Haslianti ◽  
Mita Gabriella Inthe ◽  
Ermayanti Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Fresh Meat ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Ic50 Values

Gold snail is called “Kowoe” in Celebes Island. They are  widely utilized by people as food.  This snail also has many properties and benefits.  The aims of this study were to determine the best solvent to extract the bioactive components of snails and measure the antioxidant activity. The  proximate analysis was caried out, then quantitative test of antioxidant activity by DPPH method was measured. The results of morphometric measurements showed the meat yield  11.86%. The  proximate analysis of fresh meat  consisted of water content 65.79%, 18.14% protein, 10.49% ash, 4.14% carbohydrates, and fats 3.44%, while the moisture content of dried meat contained  40/ 04%, 38.06% protein, carbohydrates 10.66%, ash 8.53% and 2.70% fat, respectively. The yield of extraction of the active compound using chloroform (non-polar) was 1.78%, ethyl acetate (semi-polar) was 3.41% and 6.63% methanol (polar).  The  snails kowoe contain more the polar of active compounds. The antioxidant activity of crude extract in methanol solvent (polar) had IC50 values  111.28 ppm (moderate).<br /><br />

The Nutritional quality of the white worm (Agathymus remingtoni Stallings & Turner Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) of maguey lechuguilla (Agave lechuguilla Torrey)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leodan T. Rodríguez-Ortega ◽  
Héctor González-Hernández ◽  
Jorge M. Valdez-Carrasco ◽  
Arturo Pro-Martínez ◽  
Fernando González-Cerón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

Objective: to evaluate the nutritional quality of white worm larvae (Agathymus remingtoni) of the maguey lechuguilla plant (Agave lechuguilla).Design/Methodology/Approach: samples of A. remingtoni larvae were collected from the stems and leaves of wild maguey lechuguilla that grows in the hills of the community of San Francisco, Municipality of Epazoyucan, in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. Proximate analysis was performed and the calcium and phosphorus contents were determined inlarvae samples.Results: larvae of A. remingtoni had a protein content of 33.69% on a dry basis, and 12.05% on a wet basis. Other results obtained were as follows: ethereal extract 15.97%, dry matter 35.76%, moisture 64.24%, ash 0.82%, crude fiber 0.85%, free nitrogen extract 6.07, calcium 0.40%, and phosphorus 0.56%.Limitations/Implications: During: in the literature review carried out, no reports were found on the nutritional quality of the white worm (Agathymus remingtoni) of maguey lechuguilla (Agave lechuguilla).Findings/Conclusions: Agathymus remingtoni larvae have excellent nutritional content, which makes them an alternative source of protein, fat, calcium, and phosphorus for human consumption and livestock feed.

scholarly journals Development and performance evaluation of a livestock feed chopper/pulverizer

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1631-1636
Author(s):  
T.A. Ishola ◽  
SB Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Throughput Capacity ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Moisture Content Level ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost

Crop residues are bulky and low in nutrients. Their size reduction is imperative in order to compound them with other feed ingredients to achieve balanced feedstock for livestock. A chopping and pulverizing machine was designed and constructed to chop and pulverized feed materials. It comprises of chopping hopper, pulverizing hopper, metering device, chopping/ pulverizing chamber, screen and the processed feed outlet. The performance of the machine was evaluated on the basis of throughput capacity, pulverizing efficiency, scatter losses as dependent variables while moisture content was the independent variable. There were two level of speeds (1500 rpm and 2100 rpm) and five levels of moisture content (13 %, 16 %, 19 %, 21 %, 24 %, and 27 % dry basis). The throughput capacity, pulverizing efficiency had highest values of 222 kg/h and of 92.5 % respectively at moisture content level of 13 % (db) and 2100 rpm speed. However, the least scatter losses obtained was 2.5 % at moisture content level of 27 % (db) and 1500 rpm speed. As the moisture content increased, throughput capacity, pulverizing efficiency and scatter losses decreases at both speeds. The developed machine could enhance the use of crop residues in feeding livestock which could ultimately reduce the cost of livestock feed production.

scholarly journals Analysis of pollen load based on color, physicochemical composition and botanical source

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna F.H. Modro ◽  
Izabel C. Silva ◽  
Cynthia F.P. Luz ◽  
Dejair Message
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Pollen Load ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Physicochemical Composition ◽  
Nutritional Components ◽  
The Mean

Pollen load samples from 10 hives of Apis mellifera (L.) were analyzed based on their physicochemical composition and botanical source, considering color as a parameter for quality control. In seven samples it was possible to establish the occurrence of more than 80% of a single pollen type, characterizing them as unifloral but with protein content variation. One of the samples was exclusively composed of saprophytic fungi (Cladosporium sp.). Comparing the mean results of the fungi loads with those of the nutritional components of pollen load, the former presented higher protein, mineral matter and dry matter and lower organic matter, ethereal extract and total carbohydrate values. The monochromatic samples met the physicochemical specifications regulating pollen load quality. The results showed that homogeneous coloration of the pollen load was not found to be a good indication of unifloral pollen, confirming the importance of physicochemical analysis and melissopalynological analysis for characterization of the quality of commercial pollen load.

Nitrogen Fertilization of Basil

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 481a-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rangappa ◽  
H.L. Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Optimum N Rate ◽  
N Rates

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) is an important culinary herb in Virginia and other areas. The objective of this study, conducted during 1997, was to determine optimal N rate for fresh and dry matter yield. Seed of Broad Leaf sweet basil were direct-seeded on 18 June in rows 0.75 m apart in a RCBD design with 8 replications. Four N rates (0, 25, 50, and 75 kg N/ha) were used. Calcium nitrate (15.5% N) was used as the fertilizer source. All plants from 1-m row length from middle row of each plot were harvested by hand on 23 Sept. and fresh weights were recorded. The plant material was dried at 70°C for 48 h to record dry weights. The moisture content at harvest was calculated from fresh and dry weights. The fresh yields following 0, 25, 50, and 75 kg N/ha were 3.7, 5.4, 6.4, and 6.8 kg/m2, respectively. The yield difference between two highest N rates was not significant, however, both these rates had significantly higher yield than the two lowest rates. Similar results were also obtained for dry matter yields. The highest N rate of 75 kg N/ha resulted in significantly higher dry matter yield (1.3 kg/m2) as compared to the other three rates. The lowest dry matter yield was obtained after the control treatment (0.6 kg/m2). An opposite relationship between N rate and moisture content was observed when the highest moisture content resulted from control and 50 kg N/ha treatments. These results indicate that optimum N rate for sweet basil in Virginia is 50 to 75 kg/ha.

scholarly journals Colored cotton wastes valuation through thermal and catalytic reforming of pyrolysis vapors (Py-GC/MS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janduir Egito da Silva ◽  
Guilherme Quintela Calixto ◽  
Rodolfo Luiz Bezerra de Araújo Medeiros ◽  
Marcus Antônio de Freitas Melo ◽  
Dulce Maria de Araújo Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Catalytic Reforming ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Colored Cotton ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Naturally Colored Cotton ◽  
Main Influence

AbstractThis study aims to analyze the products of the catalytic pyrolysis of naturally colored cotton residues, type BRS (seeds from Brazil), called BRS-Verde, BRS-Rubi, BRS-Topázio and BRS-Jade. The energy characterization of biomass was evaluated through ultimate and proximate analysis, higher heating value, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content, thermogravimetric analysis and apparent density. Analytical pyrolysis was performed at 500 °C in an analytical pyrolyzer from CDS Analytical connected to a gas chromatograph coupled to the mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The pyrolysis vapors were reformed at 300 and 500 °C through thermal and catalytic cracking with zeolites (ZSM-5 and HZSM-5). It has been noticed that pyrolysis vapor reforming at 500 °C promoted partial deoxygenation and cracking reactions, while the catalytic reforming showed better results for the product deoxygenation. The catalyst reforming of pyrolysis products, especially using HZSM-5 at 500 °C, promoted the formation of monoaromatics such as benzene, toluene, xylene and styrene, which are important precursors of polymers, solvents and biofuels. The main influence on the yields of these aromatic products is due to the catalytic activity of ZSM-5 favored by increased temperature that promotes cracking reactions due expanded zeolites channels.

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