scholarly journals Natural Products: Are They Efficient Alternatives against the Stored Grain Pest Sitophilus zeamais?

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Alice Ribeiro Cavalcante ◽  
Eva Luana Almeida da Silva ◽  
Panait Abu Nidal Alves dos Santos ◽  
Hanna Gracie Inez De Freitas Lima ◽  
Welton Aaron de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Selective Toxicity ◽  
Maize Weevil

Cereal crops strongly contribute with the world economy and because of this the reduction of their productivity may lead to irreparable economic consequences worldwide. The maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais is the main pest of maize in the field or during processing, storage and commercialization of grains, also attacking processed food. The population control of S. zeamais uses a restrict panel of synthetic insecticides which are associated with environmental contamination, selection of resistant individuals and toxicity to non-target organisms, including humans and other animals. This scenario has stimulated the search for new insecticides and plant metabolites stand out because of their high degree of biodegradability and more selective toxicity. This work provides a review of the effect of plant compounds on S. zeamais to encourage the use of these ingredients in more ecofriendly strategies for pest control. Plant insecticides can exert their toxicity by ingestion, contact and/or fumigation resulting in damage to the development, survival and reproductive potential of S. zeamais, or may present food deterrent activity, which protects the substrates from the attack by the insects. The data reviewed contribute to consolidate the use of natural products in control of S. zeamais.

scholarly journals Leaves, stems and seeds powder of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) used as repellent of Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in stored corn

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Marilei Naue de Souza ◽  
Alberto Cavalcanti Vitório ◽  
Augusto Tanamati ◽  
Adão Pacheco Lima ◽  
Heron De Oliveira dos Santos Lima
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Neem Tree ◽  
Food Processes ◽  
Peel Extract ◽  
Seed Extracts

<p>Sitophilus zeamais is considered one of the most important pests of stored grain. In order to search alternative methods for controlling this pest the action of neem was evaluated in laboratory (Azadirachta indica A. juss.) in the behavioral and food processes of adults of S. zeamais. In this study extracts produced from three parts of the neem tree (leaves, seeds and peels) were tested. In the verification of the extracts in relation to the repellent, three arenas formed by five plastic boxes connected by polyethylene hose were used. In the test were used 40g of corn treated with 6g of the extracts from leaves, seeds and peels of neem. The verification of the effect of the extracts studied was based on the number of present insects on the test plant (treated containers), and on the number of insects present on the control plant (untreated container). In the repellency analysis, leaves and seeds showed satisfactory results, with repellency indexes (RI) equals to 0.5 and 0.3, respectively, being characterized as repellent plant. The repellency index of the peel extract was 1.1, qualifying the plant as attractive one, to present RI &gt; 1. Therefore, the leaves and seed extracts from neem can be considered as a viable alternative for controlling the Sitophilus zeamais in stored corn.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><span>DOI:&nbsp;<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v4i1.102">http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v1i1.4</a></span></p>

scholarly journals Insectıcıdal actıvıtıes of Anethum graveolens and Illıcıum verum essentıal oıls agaınst Sıtophılus zeamaıs

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Mukesh K Chaubey
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Anethum Graveolens ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Toxicity Assay ◽  
Star Anise

Inappropriate use of synthetic insecticides in pest management programs contribute in ozone depletion, neurotoxicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, mutagenesis and resistance. These negative outcomes have diverted attention towards the use of plant products in insect’s population management. In this study, dill (Anethum graveolens) and star anise (Ilicium verum) essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation method using clevenger apparatus, and evaluated for repellent, toxic and oviposition inhibitory potential against maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) by fumigation and contact methods. In toxicity assay by fumigation method, median lethal concentrations (LC50) recorded were 0.316 and 0.243 μlcm-3 air; 0.362 and 0.284 μlcm-3; and 0.497 and 0.418 μlcm-3 of A. graveolens and I. verum oils and pure limonene after 24 and 48h exposure to S. zeamais adults, respectively. In contact toxicity assay, LC50 were 0.219 and 0.159 μlcm-2 area; 0.269 and 0.226 μlcm-2; and 0.567 and 0.386 μlcm-2 of A. graveolens and I. verum oils and pure limonene after 24 and 48 h exposure to S. zeamais adults, respectively. Both A. graveolens and I. verum oils and limonene reduced progeny production and acetylcholinesterase activity in S. zeamais adults when fumigated with sub-lethal concentrations. The outcomes of this study will help in preparation of essential oil based formulations for stored grain insect pest management.

scholarly journals Loss Assessment of Stored Maize at Different Storage Durations and Maize Weevil Densities

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Mamudou Jallow ◽  
Olufemi O. R. Pitan
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Duration Of Storage ◽  
Major Pest

Aims: The extent of stored grain losses depends on varieties and duration of storage, and  most of the quantitative losses are attributed to insect pest infestations. The study was  conducted to determine the damage caused by Sitophilus zeamais on maize stored at different durations. Methodology: Sitophilus zeamais at four varying population densities (5, 10, 15, 20 adults) and four storage durations (30, 60, 90 and 120 days) reared on 200 g sample of Jeka maize variety was kept in glass jars covered with muslin cloth in a 4 x 4 factorial fitted in a completely ramdomised design with four replicates at room temperature for 120 days. Results: Weight loss, seed damage and weight of dust caused by S. zeamais on maize seeds at 5-insect and 20-insect levels were statistically similar at 30 and 120 days but show  significant difference at 60 days after storage. Sitophilus zeamais population continued  to grow exponentially on maize grains after 120 days of storage, indicating that  factors are not limiting, thereby causing significant losses to stored grains. Temperature and relative humidity were found to affect insect population growth positively (r = 0.73 and r = 0.70, respectively). Conclusion: The study concluded that S. zeamais, which is a major pest in The Gambia, in the absence of control measures at any number of infestations greater than 5 weevils could result to severe damage to stored seeds.

Behavioural responses of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, to host (stored-grain) and non-host plant volatiles

2010 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald A Ukeh ◽  
Michael A Birkett ◽  
Toby JA Bruce ◽  
Eunice J Allan ◽  
John A Pickett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Volatiles ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Host Plant Volatiles ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Behavioural Responses

Biopesticidal Extractives and Compounds from Warburgia ugandensis against Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais)

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-243
Author(s):  
Sylvia A. Opiyo ◽  
Lawrence O. A. Manguro ◽  
Dorothy A. Okoth ◽  
Anjeline A. Ochung ◽  
Charles O. Ochieng
Keyword(s):  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Maize Weevil

scholarly journals Effects of Essential Oils from 24 Plant Species on Sitophilus zeamais Motsch (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 532
Author(s):  
William R. Patiño-Bayona ◽  
Leidy J. Nagles Galeano ◽  
Jenifer J. Bustos Cortes ◽  
Wilman A. Delgado Ávila ◽  
Eddy Herrera Daza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Stored Products ◽  
Collateral Damage ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais Motsch

Chemical control of the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) has been ineffective and presents serious collateral damage. Among plant-derived insecticides, essential oils (EOs) are suitable candidates to control this stored products pest. In this work, the insecticidal activities of 45 natural EOs against S. zeamais adults were screened, and the most promising ones (24 EOs) were characterized by GC–MS. The repellent and toxic effects (contact and fumigant) of these 24 EOs were determined, and by a cluster analysis they were classified into two groups considering its fumigant activity and contact toxicity. For the EOs with the highest fumigant potential (14 oils) and their main active constituents (17 compounds), lethal concentrations were determined. The most active EOs were those obtained from L. stoechas and L. alba, with LC50 values of 303.4 and 254.1 µL/L air and characterized by a high content of monoterpenes. Regarding the major compounds, the oxygenated monoterpenes R-(+)-pulegone (LC50 = 0.580 mg/L air), S-(-)-pulegone (LC50 = 0.971 mg/L air) and R-(-)-carvone (LC50 = 1.423 mg/L air) were the most active, as few variations in their concentrations significantly increased insect mortality.

scholarly journals Awakening the oocyte: controlling primordial follicle development

Reproduction ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen A McLaughlin ◽  
Skye C McIver
Keyword(s):  
Population Control ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Primordial Follicle ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Follicle Growth ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Control Oocyte ◽  
Signalling Systems

Oocytes are sequestered in primordial follicles before birth and remain quiescent in the ovary, often for decades, until recruited into the growing pool throughout the reproductive years. Therefore, activation of follicle growth is a major biological checkpoint that controls female reproductive potential. However, we are only just beginning to elucidate the cellular mechanisms required for either maintenance of the quiescent primordial follicle pool or initiation of follicle growth. Understanding the intracellular signalling systems that control oocyte maintenance and activation has significant implications for improving female reproductive productivity and longevity in mammals, and has application in domestic animal husbandry, feral animal population control and infertility in women.

scholarly journals Effect of X-ray irradiation on the F1 generation of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky and the germination rate of maize grain

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sobifagha Princess Bell-Gam ◽  
Luke Chinaru Nwosu ◽  
Kayode David Ileke ◽  
Uwaoma Otuodichinma Aguwa
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Flour Production

Abstract Background The use of X-ray irradiation in the control of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) infesting stored maize was tested at 60, 70 and 80 KeV as part of the international concerted efforts to save maize production and enhance food security. Investigations were done in the laboratory at mean temperature and relative humidity of 29.2 °C and 75.7%, respectively using three varieties of maize. The possibility that X-ray irradiation can affect the viability of maize grains when planted after weevil control process was also evaluated in the laboratory. Standard methods were used to achieve the specific objectives, and X-ray machine snap constituted the exposure time for each dose. Results The results revealed 10% mortality of adult weevils after 24 h and 40% mortality after a period of 7 days. The result indicates moderate effect on mortality. Progressive increase in mortality was recorded as dose increased from 60 to 80 KeV. X-ray irradiation at the doses tested did not significantly (P > 0.05) restrict S. zeamais emergence from maize grains and did not also significantly protect grains against damage and flour production. There was no difference in the pattern of daily emergence of new progenies and pattern of accumulated emergence. The relationship between X-ray irradiation doses and weight of emerging progenies require more specific analysis. Absence of significant difference between the viability of irradiated grains and un-irradiated grains strongly suggests that X-ray irradiation did not adversely affect seed viability, and this gives irradiation technique an opportunity of higher acceptability in agriculture. Conclusions We recommend > 80 KeV of X-ray irradiation or its incorporation into integrated pest management system in order to achieve effective post-harvest control of the pest.

scholarly journals Convolutional Neural Networks Using Enhanced Radiographs for Real-Time Detection of Sitophilus zeamais in Maize Grain

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Clíssia Barboza da Silva ◽  
Alysson Alexander Naves Silva ◽  
Geovanny Barroso ◽  
Pedro Takao Yamamoto ◽  
Valter Arthur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Storage Pests ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
X Ray Imaging

The application of artificial intelligence (AI) such as deep learning in the quality control of grains has the potential to assist analysts in decision making and improving procedures. Advanced technologies based on X-ray imaging provide markedly easier ways to control insect infestation of stored products, regardless of whether the quality features are visible on the surface of the grains. Here, we applied contrast enhancement algorithms based on peripheral equalization and calcification emphasis on X-ray images to improve the detection of Sitophilus zeamais in maize grains. In addition, we proposed an approach based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to identity non-infested and infested classes using three different architectures; (i) Inception-ResNet-v2, (ii) Xception and (iii) MobileNetV2. In general, the prediction models developed based on the MobileNetV2 and Xception architectures achieved higher accuracy (≥0.88) in identifying non-infested grains and grains infested by maize weevil, with a correct classification from 0.78 to 1.00 for validation and test sets. Hence, the proposed approach using enhanced radiographs has the potential to provide precise control of Sitophilus zeamais for safe human consumption of maize grains. The proposed method can automatically recognize food contaminated with hidden storage pests without manual features, which makes it more reliable for grain inspection.

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