scholarly journals Nematicidal Effect of Some Botanical Extracts for the Management of Meloidogyne incognita and on Growth of Tomato

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
J. I. Oluwatayo ◽  
C. I. Jidere ◽  
A. Nwankiti
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Reproductive Factor ◽  
Gall Index

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important and widely grown vegetable crop all over the world. Although tomato is nutritionally and economically important, its production is constrained by biotic and abiotic constraints leading to poor marketable quantity and quality worldwide. Root-knot nematodes are one of the major pests affecting tomato production worldwide, especially, in the tropical and sub-tropical regions. Green house experiments were laid out in Complete Block Design (CBD) with a 3x7 factorial arrangement replicated three times carried out at the Department of Crop and Environmental Protection, University of Agriculture. The soil was sterilized before the experiment. Fresh leaves and seeds of Moringa oleifera, Ricinus communis  and Jatropha curcas were washed with tap water, 15 g  from each of leaves and seeds of the different botanicals was macerated separately in an electric blender at high speed for 4 minutes in 100 ml distilled water. The mixtures were passed through a Whatman filter paper number 1; the filtrates of the leaves/seeds were then collected. Three tomato varieties viz: Roma Vf, Rio Grande and UC82B were inoculated with approximately 5,000 freshly hatched second stage juvenile of Meloidogyne incognita, two weeks after transplanting.  Thirty percent aqueous extract each  of Castor, Moringa and Jatropha leaves and seeds was used, while double distilled water (0%) served as the control. Thirty ml of   each leaf and seed aqueous extract was applied, 48 hours after inoculation as soil drench. Application was done at 1 weeks intervals thereafter for a period of 16 weeks. Data collected include number of fruits per plant, root gall index, nematode reproductive factor, and final nematode population. The results showed that various Moringa oleifera, Ricinus communis  and Jatropha curcas leaves and seed extracts significantly (P<0.05) reduced root gall index, final population of M. incognita in the soil and nematode reproductive factor than the control. Application of the various treatments Moringa oleifera, Ricinus communis  and Jatropha curcas led to significant increase in mean number of fruits and mean fruit weight yield of all the three tomato varieties. Therefore, the application of leaf and seed aqueous extracts of Moringa, Jatropha and Castor will serve as good alternative for the management of root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita.

scholarly journals Inoculum Level and Inoculation Method Influences on the Pathogenic Activities of Meloidogyne incognita in Studied Model Plant Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-92
Author(s):  
Yadom Y. F. R. Kouakou ◽  
Kouamé Daniel Kra ◽  
Hortense Atta Diallo
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Reproductive Factor ◽  
Inoculum Level ◽  
Root Explants ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Inoculation Method ◽  
Gall Index

Agricultural activities such as watering crops with nematode-infested water from wells and boreholes, and using infected plant debris as manure or mulch increase root-knot nematode infection. So, this study aims at assessing the influence of the inoculation method and inoculum level of Meloidogyne incognita on the development of root galls on okra plants. Two M. incognita inoculation methods (suspension of individuals and galled root explants) and six inoculum levels (0, 10, 100, 500, 1000 and 2000 second-stage larvae/plant) were studied. The gall index, total numbers and reproductive factor of M. incognita were used to assess the effect of treatments on root gall development. Unlike the reproductive factor, gall index and the total numbers of M. incognita increased with their inoculum level. The pathogenic activities of M. incognita were most significant when crop soils were infested with galled root explants. However, an inverse relationship was found between the inoculum levels of M. incognita and the okra plant’s development. It is reflected by negative correlation coefficients ranging from -0.90 to -0.62. It is therefore important to burn roots infected with root-knot nematodes left in fields so that they do not act as an inoculum for crops.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effect of Oil Palm Bunch Ash on Meloidogyne incognita Infections on Soybean (Glycine max)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Solomon Ogwulumba
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Gall Index ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Palm Bunch

An investigation to evaluate the effect of Oil Palm Bunch Ash on Meloidogyne incognita infections on soybean (Glycine max) was carried out at the Research and Teaching Farm of the Federal College of Agriculture Ishiagu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, in 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons. The treatment was Oil Palm Bunch Ash at different levels, (control, 5tons/ha, 8tons/ha and 11tons/ha) and was fitted into a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Data collected were averaged on plant height (cm), number of leaves, number of galled roots, and number of galls per root (gall index) and initial nematode population and final nematode population at harvest. The data were subjected to statistical analysis of variance. Results showed that Oil Palm Bunch as at 11tons/ha produced the greatest control for root-knot nematode by significantly (P0.05) reducing the number of galled root and galls per root at harvest (gall index). Results also revealed that nematode population was high in the control plots. The growth and yield parameters were significantly (P0.05) higher in the plots treated with 8tons/ha and 11tons/ha of Oil Palm Bunch Ash. It is therefore, recommended that oil palm bunch ash from 11tons/ha could be employed by farmers to suppress root-knot nematode in soybean field and increase soybean yield.

scholarly journals FIELD PRODUCTION OF HERBACEOUS PERENNIAL CUT FLOWERS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1082e-1082
Author(s):  
Leonard P. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Herbaceous Perennial ◽  
Field Production

Mean yields (stems per plant) of 5 randomly selected plants from a block of 15 were determined for each of 13 species of 2–year old herbaceous perennials. Mean yields of Achillea filipendulin a `Coronation Gold' of 4 randomly selected plants, in each of 4 replicates in a randomized c-o-replete block design, were determined over 3 years for 3 spacings. The most consistent yields over the period, and highest in years 1 and 3, were from 60cm spacing between plant centers, with yields from 90cm and 30cm highly variable. In year 2, stems were graded by length with most stems 40 to 49cm at 30cm and 90cm spacings (19 and 46 stems) and 50 to 50cm at 60cm (27 stems). As stems per plant increased from 30 to 72 for 30cm to 90cm spacing, respectively, stems per 30cm2 decreased from 30 to 8. Vaselife was greatest (9 days) for stems in Oasis preservative, with less in Floralife (8 days), tap water (7 days), or distilled water (5 days). Flowers 10 days older prior to cutting lasted an average 2 days less.

scholarly journals Establecimiento de tres especies de oleaginosas bajo asociación.

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolai Noda-Leyva ◽  
Arturo Pérez-Vásquez ◽  
Ofelia Andrea Valdés-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Ricinus Communis

<p>El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la asociación de tres especies de oleaginosas: <em>Jatropha curcas </em>(Linn), <em>Ricinus communis </em>(Linn) <em>y Moringa oleifera </em>(Lam) en la etapa de establecimiento. El estudio se realizó en el área experimental del Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Veracruz, México, durante el periodo 2013-2014. Se utilizó un diseño completamente aleatorizado y se muestrearon diez plantas al azar por cada especie en las que se evaluó altura de la planta, grosor del tallo y de la rama primaria, proyección de la copa y afectaciones por plagas y enfermedades. Se empleó estadística descriptiva (promedio). Jatropha y Moringa tuvieron un crecimiento acelerado (20 cm) entre los 45 y 60 días de evaluación, mientras que el crecimiento de Ricinus fue más lento (10 cm) y su altura resultó inferior a la reportada en la literatura. Las variables grosor del tallo y de la rama primaria y proyección de la copa en <em>J. curcas </em>y <em>M. oleifera </em>tuvieron poca variabilidad; las plantas de <em>Ricinus </em>fueron afectadas por plagas y patógenos<em>, </em>sin embargo, no se encontraron los mismos insectos en las especies evaluadas. Moringa fue la especie que sobresalió respecto a las variables evaluadas y Jatropha expresó un comportamiento morfológico similar al encontrado en sistemas de monocultivo. Para <em>Ricinus </em>la asociación no fue favorable debido al efecto de la sombra y el ataque severo de agentes patógenos.</p>

scholarly journals Fontes proteicas alternativas oriundas da cadeia produtiva do biodiesel para alimentação de ruminantes

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.F. Medeiros ◽  
A.M.A. Silva ◽  
H. Carneiro ◽  
D.R.C. Araújo ◽  
R.K.O. Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Helianthus Annus

Objetivou-se avaliar a degradação e a produção de gás de diferentes fontes proteicas geradas na cadeia produtiva do biodiesel em substituição à silagem de milho. Os tratamentos foram: coprodutos de Gossyypium hirsutum, Ricinus communis, Moringa oleifera, Jatropha curcas, Helianthus annus. Os produtos foram analisados mediante a técnica semiautomática de produção de gases in vitro. O coproduto da moringa apresentou maior taxa de degradação, quando comparado aos demais alimentos, porém apresentou baixa produção de gás e se tornou mais eficiente, sendo, portanto, indicado como o melhor nível (27,06%) de substituição à silagem de milho. O coproduto da mamona e o do algodão produziram a maior quantidade de gás em 48h de incubação. Todos os coprodutos estudados podem ser utilizados na dieta de ruminantes como alimento proteico até 30% de substituição à silagem de milho.

scholarly journals Comparative Efficacy of Garlic Clove and Castor Seed Aqueous Extracts Against the Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne Incognita Infecting Tomato Plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafaa Mohamed Abd-Elhameed El-Nagdi ◽  
Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Botanical Extracts

Abstract A greenhouse experiment using aqueous extracts of garlic (Allium sativum) cloves and castor bean (Ricinus communis) seeds, to control root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on tomato cv. Super strain B, was conducted. The plant materials were diluted with distilled water; the concentration was 10 g/100 ml. Four-week old tomato seedlings were planted in pots and arranged in a completely randomized block design for a treatment of five replicates. Approximately 2,000 juveniles of root knot nematode were pipetted around each plant. The botanical extracts were either soil drenched or foliar sprayed, for each pot. Cadusafos 10G (Rugby) as a nematicide, and non-treated pots served as the control. Results showed that tomato is susceptible to M. incognita infection. Botanical extracts were more effective and significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced nematode criteria including number of galls and egg masses on roots of tomato and number of juveniles in roots and soil, compared to nematicide and non-treated plants. In general, a high dilution of the tested materials caused higher increases in lengths and weights of shoots and numbers and weights of fruits than those occurred by a low dilution

scholarly journals Molluscicidal Assessment of Aqueous Extract of Moringa oleifera Lam Seed on Bulinus Snail for the Control of Schistosomiasis

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Umetiti Chukwuemeka Nnamdi ◽  
Ene Paschal Chuka ◽  
Orji Nkeiru Mary Ann ◽  
Umedum Chinelo U. ◽  
Ugwu Kenneth Chukwudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

Aims: This research is essentially on the Molluscicidal assessment of Aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera Lam seed on Bulinus Snail for the control of Schistosomiasis. Study Design: This is a controlled study where a total of 810 Bulinus snails were collected from three different streams with each stream representing a community from each of the three senatorial zones of Anambra state where schistosomiasis was endemic. Aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera (Lam) seed at different concentrations were used on the Bulinus snails to determine their molluscidal properties. Place and Duration of Study: Two hundred and Seventy (270) Bulinus snails were collected from streams representing each of the three senatorial zones of Anambra state viz; Obutu Lake, Omogho town, Orumba North Local Government Area (Anambra South), Agulu Lake, Agulu town, Aniocha Local Government Area (Anambra Central) and Omambra River, Omor town, Ayamelum Local Government Area (Anambra North) This research was carried out between November 2018 to April 2019. Methodology: Aqueous dilutions of the grinded Moringa oleifera (Lam) seed were exposed to the Bulinus snails from the various streams for 24 hours, after which the snails were removed from the experimental test solution and washed thoroughly with dechlorinated tap water and transferred to containers with fresh dechlorinated tap water for another 24 hours of recovery. The snails were incubated at 28 ± 5°C and fed with lettuce leaves. Results: Aqueous Moringa oleifera Lam seed extract was toxic to Bulinus adult snails in a dose dependent manner and the total Lethal Concentration (LC50 and LC90) values determined after 24 hours exposure from the whole streams were 468 ppm and 813 ppm respectively. Conclusion: Aqueous seed extract of Moringa oleifera Lam was toxic to Bulinus snail even at low concentrations.

scholarly journals Attributes of the soil fertilized with sewage sludge and calcium and magnesium silicate

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1107-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldo R. Zuba Junio ◽  
Regynaldo A. Sampaio ◽  
Altina L. Nascimento ◽  
Luiz A. Fernandes ◽  
Natália N. de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Magnesium Silicate ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Sludge Compost ◽  
Sewage Sludge Compost ◽  
Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to evaluate the chemical attributes of an Inceptisol cultivated with castor bean (Ricinus communis L.), variety ‘BRS Energia’, fertilized with sewage sludge compost and calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) silicate. The experiment was conducted at the ICA/UFMG, in a randomized block design, using a 2 x 4 factorial scheme with three replicates, and the treatments consisted of two doses of Ca-Mg silicate (0 and 1 t ha-1) and four doses of sewage sludge compost (0, 23.81, 47.62 and 71.43 t ha-1, on dry basis). Soil organic matter (OM), pH, sum of bases (SB), effective cation exchange capacity (CEC(t)), total cation exchange capacity (CEC(T)), base saturation (V%) and potential acidity (H + Al) were evaluated. There were no significant interactions between doses of sewage sludge compost and doses of Ca-Mg silicate on soil attributes, and no effect of silicate fertilization on these attributes. However, fertilization with sewage sludge compost promoted reduction in pH and increase in H + Al, OM and CEC. The dose of 71.43 t ha-1 of sewage sludge compost promoted the best soil chemical conditions.

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