Evaluation of Lipid Profile and Atherogenic Index of Plasma in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (AIP = log TG/HDL-c)

Aims: The objective of our study was to evaluate the lipid profile and the plasma atherogenicity index obtained from the log (TG / HDL-c) in diabetics patients. Study Design: This is a comparative and analytical study. Place and Duration of Study: Sample: MARC SANKALE Centre at the Abass Ndao Hospital in Dakar (Senegal), CHNU/Fann Biochemistry Laboratory, from June 2018 to November 2019. Controls: For each patient, a witness of the same sex and the same age ± 2 years was recruited. Methodology: The lipid balance parameters were assayed using enzymatic techniques with the Cobas c311 system (Roche Diagnostics, Switzerland). Plasma atherogenicity indices for each patient were calculated (CT / HDL-c, LDL / HDL-c and Log (TG / HDL-c)). Data analysis was performed using XLSTAT software and a p value <0.05 was considered to be a statistically significant difference. Results: Our study concerned 100 subjects with type 2 diabetes. The average age was 50.5 ± 10.80 years old and the sex ratio was 0.58. Evaluation of lipid parameters had shown an increase in diabetic subjects compared to controls for total cholesterol (2.30 g / l) and LDL-cholesterol (1.40 g / l) with significant differences (p < 0.001). We also found that 11% of patients had a CT / HDL-c ratio > 4.5, while 8% had an LDL-c / HDL-c ratio > 3.5 and 26% of patients had a log (Tg / HDL- c) > 0.21. Conclusion: Lipid disturbances constitute significant abnormalities in type 2 diabetic subjects and would predispose them to cardiovascular complications. However, IAP = log (TG / HDL-c) could be considered the most sensitive predictor of cardiovascular risk.

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Effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate of Camellia sinensis leaves on blood pressure, lipid profile, atherogenic index of plasma and some inflammatory and antioxidant markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a clinical trial

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1515/jcim-2020-0090 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Hadi Bazyar ◽

Seyed Ahmad Hosseini ◽

Sirous Saradar ◽

Delsa Mombaini ◽

Mohammad Allivand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Atherogenic Index ◽

Control Group ◽

Atherogenic Index Of Plasma ◽

The Mean

Abstract Background In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) the inflammatory and metabolic responses to epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) are unknown. Objectives Evaluate the impacts of EGCG on metabolic factors and some biomarkers of stress oxidative in patients with T2DM. Methods In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 50 patients with T2DM consumed either 2 tablets (300 mg) EGCG (n=25) or wheat flour as placebo (n=25) for 2 months. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC), interleukin-6 (IL-6), lipid profile, mean arterial pressure (MAP), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results The finding of present study exhibited a significant increase in the serum levels of TAC after the EGCG supplementation (p=0.001). Also, in compare with control group, the mean changes of TAC were significantly higher in supplement group (p=0.01). In intervention group, a significant decrease was observed in the mean levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), AIP, and MAP (p<0.05). Taking EGCG resulted in the mean changes of total cholesterol, MAP and DBP were significantly lower in compare with control group (p<0.05). Conclusions This study recommended that EGCG supplementation may be improved blood pressure, lipid profile, AIP, and oxidative status in patients with T2DM.

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A Comparison between Type-2 Diabetics and Non-Diabetics in Terms of Papillary Bleeding Index (PBI)

Journal of Gandhara Medical and Dental Science ◽

10.37762/jgmds.9-1.198 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 28-32

Author(s):

Sara Mariyum ◽

Nazma Saleem ◽

Amjad Iqbal ◽

Shama Iqbal ◽

Munazza Khattak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

P Value ◽

Max Planck ◽

Good Glycemic Control ◽

Diabetes Group ◽

Once Daily ◽

Type 2 Diabetics ◽

Significant Difference

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and non-diabetics in terms of Papillary bleeding index (PBI) of periodontal disease. METHODOLOGY: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted during the period of November 2020 to February 2021 in three (3) tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. The sample comprised 105 individuals, 56 participants in Type–2 diabetes group and 49 in non-diabetes group. Male and females, having age between 40-65 years were recruited. Each diabetic and non-diabetic were clinically examined for periodontitis. Age and sex-matched participants suffering from periodontitis without a history of diabetes as well as with good glycemic control (HbA1c) were considered as controls subjects. Glycated hemoglobulin (HbA1c) was carried out for all the participants free of cost by using Human Gmbh-Max-Planck-Ring 21-65205 Wiesbaden-Germany kit. The study was approved by the ethical committee of the Peshawar Medical College. Data was analyzed using software package SPSS version 20. RESULTS: Out of 56 diabetics, 24 subjects brushed once daily, 15 brushed twice daily, 11 brushed occasionally and 6 didn’t brush whereas in 49 non diabetics, 20 subjects brushed once daily, 13 brushed twice daily, 11 brushed occasionally and 5 didn’t brush. The clinical parameter mean (PBI) was recorded in our study. Score was 2.09 (±0.82) in diabetics and 1.02 (±0.47) in non-diabetics. P-value measured by the chi square test was significant. Spearman correlation test was performed to explore the association between the type 2 diabetes and Papillary bleeding index (PBI). CONCLUSION: We concluded that a significant difference exists between the mean PBI scores of Type 2 diabetics and non-diabetics.

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MICROALBUMINURIA;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.02.493 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (02) ◽

pp. 221-227

Author(s):

Ghazanfar Ali Sandhu ◽

Ghulam Abbas Tahir ◽

Zaheer Ahmad ◽

Aqeel Maqsood Anjum

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

T Test ◽

Losartan Potassium ◽

P Value ◽

Creatinine Ratio ◽

Albumin Creatinine Ratio ◽

Significant Difference

Diabetes Mellitus is a rapidly increasing problem which is contributing tochronic illnesses like Cerebrovascular, Cardiovascular, Diabetic Retinopathy and End StageKidney Disease. These dreaded complications can be prevented if treated early. In patientswith diabetes mellitus type 2, microalbuminuria is an independent and strong risk factor forcardiovascular mortality & morbidity and diabetic nephropathy. If diagnosed early, diabeticnephropathy can be treated at this stage. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEInhibitors) and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) are effective in prevention and treatmentof microalbuminuria. Material & Methods: Study Design: randomized controlled trial. Setting:medical department, allied hospital, Faisalabad. Duration of study: Feb 2013 to July 2013.Sample size: 60 (30 in each group). Sampling technique: Non-probability consecutivesampling. Results: 60 patients were included in the study. 28(46.7%) were males and 32(53.3%)were females. Mean age of study population was 50.15±7.27 years. Albumin creatinine ratio(mcg/mg) at start of study was 193±67.5 in Losartan potassium group and 209.5±72.00 inlisinopril group (independent sample t-test p value=0.302). Albumin creatinine ratio (mcg/mg) at 12 weeks of study was 36.33±54.68 in Losartan potassium group and 72±83.42 inlisinopril group (independent sample t-test p value = 0.056). Paired sample t test applied toboth treatment groups and p value was found to be 0.0001 which is highly significant for bothgroups and shows that both drugs are effective in reducing microalbuminuria in both groups.Microalbuminuria was reduced significantly in 26 patients (86.7%) in Losartan potassiumgroup and 20 patients (66.7%) in lisinopril group (p-value=0.067). Conclusion: It has beenconcluded from this study that lisinopril and Losartan potassium, both significantly reducemicroalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus and there is no statistically significant difference inefficacy of these two drugs in reducing microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Sudut ATD sebagai Penanda Diabetes Mellitus Tipe-2 (DMT2)

BioScience ◽

10.24036/020182110128-0-00 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Syam Syamsurizal

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Research Method ◽

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽

P Value ◽

Intensity Index ◽

Pattern Type ◽

Significant Difference

Dermatoglyphic of patterns (finger prints) could be used as genetic markers with type 2 diabetes. Analysts dermatoglyphic patterns can quantitatively through several parameters: frequency fingerprint patterns (arch, loop and whorl), the number of vines, pattern type index consists of the Dankmeijer index, Furuhata index, pattern intensity index and atd angle. Atd angle is the angle formed by connecting point triradius a, t and d on the palm area. Objective studies link dermatoglyphic characteristics (atd angle) with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Minangkabau ethnic.The research method used descriptive with 132 sample consisted of 66 patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus and 66 control. Results of research on atd angle in type 2 diabetes was 40,44± 3,34 and 40,42±3,96 in controls. The results of t-test and α = 5% p value = 0.75. It can be concluded that there was no significant difference in the average of atd angle in diabetes mellitus type 2 Minangkabau ethnic.

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The Association Between Serum Magnesium Level and Microalbuminuria in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Nephro-Urology Monthly ◽

10.5812/numonthly.112373 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol In Press (In Press) ◽

Author(s):

Masoud Mohebbi ◽

Katayoun Samadi ◽

Nazafarin Navari ◽

Melika Ziafati-fahmideh-sani ◽

Golshid Nourihosseini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Serum Magnesium ◽

P Value ◽

Albumin Concentration ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Urine Albumin ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Diabetic nephropathy occurs in 20 - 30% of diabetic cases globally, and microalbuminuria (MA) is the first symptom of this disorder. Some studies have suggested that there is an association between the serum magnesium (Mg) level and MA. Objectives: Therefore, we investigated the association between the serum Mg level and MA in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 122 subjects with T2DM. We categorized them into two groups of microalbuminuria (MA) and non-microalbuminuria (NMA) according to their urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR). MA was considered as a UACR of 30 to 300 mg/g. Participants were excluded if they had the following conditions: The age of under 16 years, cardiac, renal, or hepatic disorders, using corticosteroids, diuretics, Mg /calcium (Ca) supplements, and antiepileptic drugs, heavy physical activity within 24 hours before the test, pregnant and breastfeeding women, febrile patients, and patients who were unwilling to participate in the study. The analysis was performed using SPSS version 15. A P-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Among the patients, 50.81% were male. Also, the mean body mass index (BMI) of the NMA group was greater than the MA group (29.84 ± 5.64 vs. 27.31 ± 3.14, P-value = 0.003). Mg levels of the MA and NMA groups showed no significant differences (2.13 ± 0.42 and 2.10 ± 0.43, respectively; P-value = 0.67). Overall, data analysis provided no significant difference between Mg level and the urine albumin concentration between the MA and NMA groups (P-value = 0.21 and 0.81, respectively.). Conclusions: Serum Mg level and MA have no significant relationship. Further prospective studies are needed to assay this issue.

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Association of serum adenosine deaminase level with atherosclerotic index in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Biomedicine ◽

10.51248/.v41i1.551 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 150-152

Author(s):

M Rasheed Khan ◽

S Vinod Babu ◽

V. KuzhandaiVelu

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Adenosine Deaminase ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lipid Ratio

Introduction and Aim:The atherosclerosis is the major cause of morbidity and mortality among diabetes population. Diabetes mellitus can accelerate atherosclerotic processes. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) plays a significant role in both glucose and lipid metabolism through adenosine. This study aimed to correlate the atherosclerotic index with adenosine deaminase levels in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The aim of the study is to find the association between serum ADA levels with atherosclerotic index. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study conducted in 100 subjects (50 control and 50 T2DM patients). The following biochemical parameter were estimated:total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, HDL- C and ADA. VLDL, LDL and other atherosclerotic index were calculated using formulae. Statistical analysis such as Student’s‘t’ test and Pearson’s correlation were performed. Results: We found significant increase (p value <0.001) in lipid profile, Non-HDL-C and lipid ratio when compared to T2DM with control group. The correlation of serum ADA with lipid profile and lipid ratio didnot show any correlation. Conclusion: Serum ADA used as a biomarker for evaluation of glycemic status. ADA was insignificant, when correlated with dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic index.

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Performance Assessment Across Different Care Settings of A Novel Heart Failure Hospitalisation Risk Score For Type 2 Diabetes Patients Developed Using Administrative Claims Only

10.21203/rs.3.rs-810678/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alessandro Guazzo ◽

Enrico Longato ◽

Giovanni Sparacino ◽

Bruno Franco-Novelletto ◽

Maurizio Cancian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Risk Score ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Cardiovascular Complications ◽

P Value ◽

Administrative Claims ◽

Administrative Dataset ◽

Heart Failure Hospitalisation

Abstract Predicting the risk of cardiovascular complications, in particular heart failure hospitalisation (HHF), can improve the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Most predictive models proposed so far rely on clinical data not available at the higher Institutional level. Therefore, it is of interest to assess the risk of HHF in people with T2D using administrative claims data only, which are more easily obtainable and could allow public health systems to identify high-risk individuals. In this paper, the administrative claims of >175,000 patients with T2D were used to develop a new risk score for HHF based on Cox regression. Internal validation on the administrative data cohort yielded satisfactory results in terms of discrimination (max AUROC=0.792, C-index=0.786) and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test p-value<0.05). The risk score was then tested on data gathered from two independent centers (one diabetes outpatient clinic and one primary care network) to demonstrate its applicability to different care settings in the medium-long term. Thanks to the large size and broad demographics of the administrative dataset used for training, the proposed model was able to predict HHF without significant performance loss concerning bespoke models developed within each setting using more informative, but harder-to-acquire clinical variables.

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Oxidized LDL and lipids as risk factors for ischemic heart disease in type 2 diabetes

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp0508529z ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 62 (7-8) ◽

pp. 529-536 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Miroslava Zamaklar ◽

Katarina Lalic ◽

Natasa Rajkovic ◽

Danijela Trifunovic ◽

Mirjana Dragasevic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Oxidized Ldl ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Apo B ◽

Significant Difference

Background. Abnormal lipid profile is an important risk factor in the development of macrovascular atherosclerotic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Factors that contribute to endothelial cell dysfunction associated with the initiation of atherosclerosis include oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between lipid profile and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetics with and without ischemic heart disease (IHD). Methods. We studied 80 patients with T2D, 40 with IHD (group A1) and 40 without IHD (group A2). We also studied 51 non-diabetics, 31 with IHD (group B1), and 20 without IHD (group B2 - control group). Lipid profile was estimated by the total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, the level of triglyceride (Tg), lipoproteina a (Lp a), Apo A I, A II, B 100 and E. To evaluate the oxidative status we measured circulating oxidized LDL (ox LDL), erythrocyte antioxidative enzyme activity: superoxide dismutase (E-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (E-GPX), as well as the total antioxidative serum activity (TAS). Inflammatory reaction was estimated by C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen. Results. No significant difference was found in the lipid profile in groups A1, A2 and B1, but the group B2 had the lowest one. Lp a level was significantly higher in group B1 comparing to other groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the level of ox LDL between the groups. In diabetics, ox LDL positively correlated with the total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, non HDL cholesterol, Apo B 100 and the relations between LDL/HDL and Tg/HDL (p < 0.001), as well as with Tg and fibrinogen (p < 0.05). In group B1, ox LDL positively correlated with total cholesterol, Tg (p < 0.01), LDL, and non HDL cholesterol (p < 0.05) and significantly with Apo B 100 (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the antioxidant enzyme activities between the groups of diabetics (A1 and A2), but fibrinogen was higher in the group with IHD (group A1, p < 0.05). Group B1 had lower ESOD activity than the groups A1 and A2 (p < 0.05), but CRP was higher (p < 0.05). There were no significant correlations between oxLDL and CRP in groups A1 and A2, but it was statistically significant in the group B1 (p < 0.05). Conclusion. In this study we demonstrated the increased oxidative stress in diabetics compared to non-diabetics regardless of the presence of IHD. Fibrinogen, but not CRP, was higher in diabetics with IHD, compared to diabetics without IHD. The increased oxidative stress, the reduced antioxidative activity E-SOD, and the higher level of CRP were found in non-diabetics with IHD compared to non-diabetics without IHD.

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Association of Hydroxy (Steroid) Dehydrogenase 11b1 Gene with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Egyptian Population

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcab100.033 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Raef M Botros ◽

Laila M Hendawy ◽

Eman M Fahmy ◽

Salah H Halawani ◽

Alaa T Younis

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Egyptian Population ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Hydroxy Steroid ◽

Steroid Dehydrogenase

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders caused by the interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental factors. The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus has increased over the last decades with more than 170 million individuals suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus all over the world which imposes a greater economic impact on individuals, families and health systems. Though the genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus is polygenic, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at Hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (HSD11B1) gene have been strongly associated with type 2 diabetes risk in various populations and ethnic groups. Objectives The aim of this study is to assess the association of Hydroxy-Steroid-Dehydrogenase-11B1 gene (rs846910) with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a sample of Egyptian population. Patients and Methods In the present study, we included 60 diabetic obese patients and 40 age and sex-matched controls. The mean age of the included patients was 50.26 ±9.1 year; while the majority of them were females (70%). All the participating patients were subjected to detailed history and the following investigations: fasting blood sugar, post prandial sugar,HbA1c, and lipid profile. Detection of gene polymorphism by real time PCR was performed for all subjects in the study. Results The study showed that homozygous GG genotype was more prelevant than GA genotype. No significant difference between GG and GA in terms of fasting and postprandial sugar and in terms of lipid profile: cholesterol (p = 0.642), TG (p = 0.808), LDL (p = 0.238), and HDL (p = 0.945).It showed no statistically significant difference between cases and controls in terms of HSD11B1 polymorphism (rs846910). The regression analysis showed that the HSD11B1 polymorphism did not significantly increase the risk of diabetes mellitus (OR 1.724, 95% CI [0.601 – 4.94]). Conclusion In conclusion, multiple further studies involving other single nucleotide polymorphism of 11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene as well as other genes involved in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity need to be done.

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“COMPARISON OF ATHEROGENIC INDEX OF PLASMA AND CHOLESTEROL/HDL RATIO AMONG TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL”

10.36106/ijar/2401964 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 52-54

Author(s):

Amrita Karmakar ◽

Dipa Mandal ◽

Soma Gupta

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Group ◽

Atherogenic Index ◽

P Value ◽

Atherogenic Index Of Plasma ◽

Lipid Ratios ◽

Cardio Vascular

Lipid prole though is a well established parameter to predict cardio vascular risk in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM), at present lipid ratios are replacing these age old parameters. Among the lipid ratios Atherogenic index of plasma(AIP) and cholesterol/HDL(Chol/HDL) are found to be of great signicance. This cross-sectional study aimed to compare the predictive value of two lipid ratios, "Atherogenic index of plasma" (AIP) and "Cholesterol/HDL ratio" on basis of insulin resistance (IR) among 55 newly diagnosed cases with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and 50 control subjects. HOMA –IR (p value <0.0001), AIP (<0.001) and Cholesterol/HDL ratio (<0.001) were signicantly raised among case group in comparison to controls. Both AIP(r- 0.305, p-0.002) and Chol/HDL ratio(r- 0.23, p value- 0.018) was signicantly correlated with HOMA-IR. ROC curve of AIP and Chol/HDL ratio was plotted for identifying IR. There is no signicant difference between areas under curve (AUC) of AIP (AUC-0.656) and Chol/HDL ratio(AUC-0.630) (p value- 0.49). AIP was found to be correlated better with Insulin resistance than CHOL/HDL ratio. AUC in AIP was found to be slightly higher and overall sensitivity and specicity of AIP was found to be 66% and 69%, of Chol/HDL ratio was 46% and 76% to identify moderate to high-risk group: whereas it is 69%&47% of AIP and 87% and 32% of Chol/HDL ratio to identify low risk group. Both lipid ratios have some signicance in predicting cardio vascular risk in T2DM

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