scholarly journals The Impact of Galena Mining in North-Eastern Nigeria on Nearby Food Crops

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
G. G. Yebpella ◽  
A. M. Magomya ◽  
R. Odoh ◽  
N. H. Baba ◽  
J. Yakubu
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Fume Hood ◽  
Health Risk Index ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
North East ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Impact

Aims: To investigate and evaluate trace elements concentration in soils and bioaccumulation on food crops grown on agricultural fields around galena mine area, Wukari, north eastern Nigeria. Study Design: The studied area is situated in the northwestern part of Wukari Local Government Area of Taraba State, North-East Nigeria. The hydrology of the area is conducive for the cultivation of crops and fresh water for fishing. The soils and food crops samples were collected in the month of May, 2018. Methodology: Edible parts of plants such as leaf, stem and seed were collected from Soybeans (Glycine max), Guinea corn (Sorghum bicolor), Millet (Penniselum typhoides), Spinach (Amaranthus) and Tomato (Lycosipinus esculentum). A 1.00 g of the finely ground soil samples were digested with 10 mL of aqua regia (a mixture of 1:3 HNO3/HCl v/v) at 70°C on hot plate for 3 hours in a fume hood and 1.00 g of each sieved plant samples were digested with 10 mL mixture of HNO3: HCIO4 in the ratio 5:1 at 90°C for 30 minutes in a fume cupboard. Results: The concentrations (µg/g DW) of the trace elements in soil are in the order Mn > Fe > Se > Pb > Cr > Cu > Al > As. The bio-accumulation of trace elements in all food crops were in the range: Se (0.250 – 20.88 µg/g DW), Al (0.250 – 0.980 µg/g DW), As (0.070 – 0.620 µg/g DW) and Pb (0.020 – 0.090 µg/g DW). Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn concentrations in food crops were above FAO/WHO permissible limits of 2.30, 40.0, 0.30, 500 µg/g DW respectively. Conclusion: The Health Risk Index of As, Cr and Fe in spinach and Guinea corn were > 1. The study revealed that food crops grown on farmlands around mining areas are not safe for consumption.

scholarly journals Trace element contamination in the mine-affected stream sediments of Oued Rarai in north-western Tunisia: a river basin scale assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamel Ayari ◽  
Maurizio Barbieri ◽  
Yannick Agnan ◽  
Ahmed Sellami ◽  
Ahmed Braham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Stream Sediments ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
North East ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
North Western

AbstractHigh-quality and accurate environmental investigations are essential for the evaluation of contamination and subsequent decision-making processes. A combination of environmental geochemical indices, multivariate analyses and geographic information system approach was successfully used to assess contamination status and source apportionment of trace elements (Ag, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sb, V and Zn) in surface stream sediments from the Oued Rarai basin in north-western Tunisia, containing various metal and metalloid ores. The contamination level reported in this study indicates a non-negligible potential ecological risk, mainly related to sediment transport along the river. Antimony (concentrations ranged from 0.02 to 297 mg kg−1 and Igeo > 5), arsenic (from 0.5 to 1490 mg kg−1 and Igeo > 5), lead (from 2.9 to 5150 mg kg−1 and Igeo > 5) mercury (from 0.05 to 54.4 mg kg−1 and Igeo > 5) and silver (from 0.05 to 9.4 mg kg−1 and Igeo > 5) showed the most crucial contamination. Besides, potential ecological risk index values were maximum for arsenic with a median of 302, indicating a very high to serious ecological risk (> 160). Results from correlation analysis and principal component analysis revealed three main geochemical associations related to lithologic, tectonic and anthropogenic sources. V, Cr and Cu mainly originated from natural bedrock and soil. Ag and Cd were more controlled by both natural and mining enrichments. Mercury and Pb were mostly influenced by the ancient ore-related activities at the Oued Rarai site and north-east–south-west trending faults. Finally, Sb, As, Ni and Zn were largely controlled by the siliciclastic continental Neogene sequences. Finally, the physical and chemical dynamics of the watershed system, lithological properties, mineralisation, tectonic settings and mobilisation of subsurface sediments largely controlled both concentrations and spatial patterns of trace elements in the study basin. These results need to be considered in the strategies of suitable environmental management at former and current mining sites in north-western Tunisia.

scholarly journals Pollution indices and biotests as useful tools for the evaluation of the degree of soil contamination by trace elements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Wieczorek ◽  
Agnieszka Baran
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Soil Ecotoxicity ◽  
Geochemical Indices

Abstract Purpose The aim of the study was the calculation of geochemical, ecological, and ecotoxicological indices for the assessment of risk resulting from the presence of trace metals in soil. Methods Around 320 soil points were determined for the tests by the regular square-grid method with a square side equal to 7.5 km. A total of 11 indices were used, including 6 geochemical indices, 1 index assessing potential ecological risk, and 4 indices assessing soil ecotoxicity. Results Two groups of elements were distinguished. The first one included Ni, Cr, and Cu. The calculated geochemical indices generally indicated their natural content and low degree of soil contamination with them and that the elements’ sources were connected with natural processes. The second group included Cd, Pb, and Zn. These elements occur in high concentrations in the studied area, which is influenced by both natural and anthropogenic factors. However, contamination with these elements is heterogeneous in the Małopolska and generally observed in its northwestern part. PCA showed that Cd and Pb had the greatest effect on the degree of soil contamination and pose the greatest potential threat to the soil environment. Heterocypris incongruens proved to be a more sensitive indicator of soil ecotoxicity compared to plant tests. The potential ecological risk index and biotests indicated that most of the soil samples had low potential ecological risk and low ecotoxicity. Conclusion The key to the effective assessment of soil contamination with trace elements is the combined use of geochemical, ecological, and ecotoxicological indices, which allows comprehensive monitoring of soil quality.

scholarly journals Aedes species (Diptera: Culicidae) ecological and host feeding patterns in the north-eastern parts of South Africa, 2014–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Guarido ◽  
M. A. Riddin ◽  
T. Johnson ◽  
L. E. O. Braack ◽  
M. Schrama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background There is a paucity of recent data and knowledge on mosquito diversity and potential vectors of arboviruses in South Africa, with most of the available data dating back to the 1950s–1970s. Aedes and Culex species are the major vectors of some of the principal arboviruses which have emerged and re-emerged in the past few decades. Methods In this study we used entomological surveillance in selected areas in the north-eastern parts of South Africa from 2014 to 2018 to assess mosquito diversity, with special emphasis on the Aedes species. The impact of trap types and environmental conditions was also investigated. Identification of the blood meal sources of engorged females collected during the study period was carried out, and DNA barcodes were generated for selected species. Results Overall, 18.5% of the total Culicidae mosquitoes collected belonged to the genus Aedes, with 14 species recognised or suspected vectors of arboviruses. Species belonging to the Neomelaniconion subgenus were commonly collected in the Bushveld savanna at conservation areas, especially Aedes mcintoshi and Aedes circumluteolus. Aedes aegypti was present in all sites, albeit in low numbers. Temperature was a limiting factor for the Aedes population, and they were almost exclusively collected at temperatures between 18 °C and 27 °C. The cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) barcode fragment was amplified for 21 Aedes species, and for nine of these species it was the first sequence information uploaded on GenBank. Conclusion This study provides a better understanding of the diversity and relative abundance of Aedes species in the north-east of South Africa. The information provided here will contribute to future arboviral research and implementation of efficient vector control and prevention strategies. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Health Risk Assessment of Different Heavy Metals Dissolved in Drinking Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rehman ◽  
Tasawar Khanam ◽  
Abbas Sheer ◽  
Zhang Kebin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Risk Index ◽  
Permissible Limits

Water pollution is a major threat to public health worldwide. The health risks of ingesting trace elements in drinking water were assessed in the provinces of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Eight trace elements were measured in drinking water, using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), and compared with permissible limits established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Pak EPA). In addition, health risk indicators such as the chronic daily intake (CDI) and the health risk index (HRI) were calculated. Our results showed that the concentrations of chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and manganese (Mn) were 2593, 1306, and 695 ng/g, respectively, in Lahore and Jhang, while the concentrations of arsenic (As) in Lahore, Vehari, Multan, and Jhang were 51, 50.4, 24, and 22 ng/g, respectively, which were higher than the permissible limits suggested by the WHO. The values of CDI were found to be in the order of Cr > Ni > Mn > Cu > As > Pb > Co > Cd. Similarly, the health risk index (HRI) values exceeded the safe limits (>1) in many cities (eg, Cr and Ni in Lahore and As in Vehari, Jhang, Lahore, and Multan). The aforementioned analysis shows that consumption of trace element-contaminated water poses an emerging health danger to the populations of these localities. Furthermore, inter-metal correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) showed that both anthropogenic and geologic activities were primary sources of drinking water contamination in the investigated areas.

scholarly journals Speciation of Two Heavy Metals in Pastures and Animals: An Assessment of Health Risk

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Chen ◽  
Laraib Saqlain ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
Zafar Iqbal Khan ◽  
Kafeel Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Lead Contamination ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Health Risk Index

Abstract The aim of study was access the cobalt and lead contamination in soil, forages and animals. Heavy metal pollution is a matter of prime significance in natural environment. Through food chain toxicity of heavy metals and their bioaccumulation potential are transferred into humans .Higher concentrations of metallic compounds are toxic to living organisms but these are essential to maintain body metabolism. Intake of food crops polluted with heavy metals is chief food chain channel for human exposure. Animals are exposed to heavy metal stress by the intake of richly contaminated food crops those are chief part of food chain. We collected samples of soil, plant, animal blood, hair and faeces to find contamination through wet digestion process in lab and metal analysis. Different forages were collected to study Zn amount in forages whilst soil and animals in Mianwali Pakistan. The health risk index (HRI) calculation was our major concern in this study. Our present findings also emphasized on the assessment of bio-concentration factor (BCF). We also calculated other significant indices i.e. Pollution load index (PLI), daily intake of metal (DIM), Health Risk Index (HRI) and Enrichment factor (EF). While the experimentation result showed different concentrations of metal in different seasons. When the Zn concentration in forages was (32.59-42.17mg/kg) and in soil (21.82-35.09 mg/kg). Soil samples showed higher level of (PLI) Pollution load index. Bio-concentration of zinc was (1.03-1.57mg/kg). It can be concluded as regular monitoring of the level metal is essential evaluate the contamination status.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Pasture Allowance of Manganese for Ruminants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoping GE ◽  
Fu Chen ◽  
Laraib Saqlain ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
Zafar Iqbal Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Health Risk Index ◽  
Animal Blood

Abstract The aim of study was to access the Mn contamination in soil, forages and animals. Heavy metal pollution is a matter of prime significance in natural environment. Through food chain toxicity of heavy metals and their bioaccumulation potential are transferred into humans .Higher concentrations of metallic compounds are toxic to living organisms but these are essential to maintain body metabolism. Intake of food crops polluted with heavy metals is chief food chain channel for human exposure. Animals are exposed to heavy metal stress by the intake of richly contaminated food crops those are chief part of food chain. We collected samples of soil, plant, animal blood, hair and faeces to find contamination through wet digestion process in lab and metal analysis. Different forages were collected to study Mn calculation was our major concern in this study. Our present findings also emphasized on the assessment of bio-concentration factor (BCF). We also calculated other significant indices i.e. Pollution load index (PLI), daily intake of metal (DIM), Health Risk Index (HRI) and Enrichment factor (EF). While the experimentation result showed different concentrations of metal in different seasons. When the Mn concentration in forages was (20.01-28.29 mg/kg) and in soil (5.27-8.90 mg/kg). Soil samples showed higher level of (PLI) Pollution load index. Bio-concentration of iron was (2.59-4.21 mg/kg). It can be concluded as regular monitoring of the level metal is essential evaluate the contamination status.

scholarly journals Environmental and geochemical assessment of surface water streams in the impact area of the Urupsky mining plant tailings

2016 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
V. A. Gromova ◽  
T. V. Shestakova ◽  
O. A. Lipatnikova
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Water Suspensions ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
Impact Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mining Plant ◽  
Geochemical Assessment

Surface water is contaminated by trace elements in mining areas. A complex study was carried out on the state of water and bottom sediments of two rivers in the area of the tailings of Urupsky’s mining plant. The impact of tailings on the content of elements in the water, suspensions and bottom sediments was estimated. The main pollutants of the surface water and bottom sediments and also their element’s forms were revealed.

scholarly journals The extent of Using Eduwave by North-eastern Badia Directorate of Education Principals From the point of view of principals: مدى امتلاك المشرفين التربويين بمنطقة البادية الشمالية الشرقية بالأردن للكفايات الفنية في ضوء معايير الجودة من وجهة نظر مديري المدارس

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hamed Aledamat
Keyword(s):  
School Administrators ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Technical Competencies ◽  
Work Strategies ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Impact

The study aimed to identify the extent to which educational supervisors in the North-Eastern Badia region have technical competencies in the light of quality standards from the point of view of school principals, and identify the impact of both sex, educational qualification and years of experience in this study. A questionnaire was distributed to all study population (154) principals and principals of the schools of the North-Eastern Badia Directorate. The results showed that the extent of the educational supervisors in the North-East Badia region of technical competencies in the light of quality standards School administrators rated the tool as a whole; got an average (3.57 out of 5) with a grade of (average), and at the pivot level; the focus on planning got the highest average (4.01), with a (high) grade followed by the teacher focus (3.72), The results showed that there are statistically significant differences attributed to the effect of sex in the field of the practice of electronic supervisory practice (3.52), (medium) and finally (3). In favor of males, there are no statistically significant differences attributable to other variables. In light of the results, the study recommended a set of recommendations, the most important of which are: Training workshops for educational supervisors on how to employ computer technologies in educational supervision and benefit from the services provided by the Internet and free sites such as Google Drive and others. In light of the results, a number of recommendations and suggestions were made to improve the quality of technical competencies of educational supervisors in the Eastern Badia and the whole of the Kingdom of Jordan. Including: Increasing training courses with the aim of developing educational supervisors professionally, especially in how to employ active work strategies (investigation, problem solving, critical thinking, and cooperative work), with the aim of increasing their skills in implementing cooperative and group work strategies, employing techniques and technical innovations, and working on the need to employ checks Social communication in order to activate the supervisory process

scholarly journals Monitoring of Zinc Profile of Forages Irrigated with City Effluent

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-313
Author(s):  
Zafar Iqbal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Health Risk Index ◽  
The Impact

Wastewater contains a surplus amount of trace metals that contaminate the soil and crops. A pot trial was performed to determine the impact of wastewater on the zinc accumulation in forages and their associated health risk. Forages both of summer (Zea mays, Echinochloa colona, Pennisetum typhoideum, Sorghum vulgare, Sorghum bicolor, Sesbania rostrata, and Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) and winter (Trifolium alexandrinum, Medicago sativa, Brassica campestris, Trifolium resupinatum, Brassica juncea, and Brassica napus) were grown with sewage water and tap water treatment. The experiment was laid down in a completely randomized design with five replicates. The concentration of zinc in water, root and forage samples were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. In tap water, the zinc value was 0.498 mg/L and in wastewater 0.509 mg/L, respectively. The maximum level of zinc in the forages leaves was 3.582 mg/kg found in Brassica napus grown in the winter season. The maximum observed value for zinc bioconcentration factor in Brassica juncea was (2.88) grown in winter. The values of pollution load index for zinc were found less than 1. The values of daily intake of metal and health risk index for zinc in all forages were less than 1 indicated that consumption of these forages was free of risk.

scholarly journals The role of administrative borders in determining regional identity: The case of Podlasie, Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-70
Author(s):  
Michał Konopski
Keyword(s):  
Regional Identity ◽  
Social Consciousness ◽  
Administrative Reform ◽  
Territorial Identity ◽  
North East ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Administrative Division ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Local Levels

Abstract The borders of voivodships in Poland today are not consistent with those of historical regions. The current administrative division is largely based upon imposed boundaries, dividing initial regions. This research topic arises from the dichotomy between the toponymy applied to voivodships because of the administrative reform of 1999 – and the names of historical regions. Implementing such a toponomy, although detached from historical and cultural contexts, has contributed to establishing attachments with current administrative regions, which surpasses identification with historical units. This paper presents the results of empirical research employing a questionnaire survey of the inhabitants of 71 communes (LAU 2 units) in north-eastern Poland. The main objective was to examine the impact of recent administrative reform on territorial identity, with particular emphasis placed on the region of Podlasie. The surveyed communities are to the highest extent attached to national and local levels than to the region, which was only ranked third in the hierarchy of identification with a given area. The regional identity of the population living in north-east Poland is related primarily to the contemporary administrative borders. There are, however, explicit differences in perceptions of the region of Podlasie depending upon respondents’ place of residence, which is an indication that relict borders persist in the residents’ social consciousness.

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