scholarly journals Control of Sugarcane Smut Disease: Evaluation of the In vitro Fungitoxicity of Three Essential Oils

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Yao Kouadio Jacques-Edouard ◽  
Kouamé Konan Didier ◽  
Kouamé Koffi Gaston ◽  
Kassi Koffi Fernand Jean-Martial ◽  
N’guessan Aya Carine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Sporisorium Scitamineum ◽  
Fungitoxic Effect ◽  
Production Areas

The sugarcane smut disease caused by Sporisorium scitamineum occurs in all production areas. In order to contribute to the management of this disease, a study was carried out in vitro conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal efficacy and to determine the inhibitory concentration of the essentials oils of Ocimum gratissimum, Zingiber officinale and Cymbopogon citratus upon two strains B and Z of Sporisorium scitamineum. These oils were tested on mycelial growth of colonies, spores’ production and teliospores germination. The results showed a variable fungitoxic effect of the oils according to doses. Mycelial growth and spores production were totally inhibited (100%) from 1000 ppm by all the oils. The 90% inhibitory concentrations (IC90) obtained were 880.37 ppm, 847.83 ppm and 805.75 ppm for Ocimum gratissimum, Zingiber officinale and Cymbopogon citratus, respectively. The germination of teliospores was completely reduced by the three essential oils from 500 ppm upwards. Propiconazole had strong inhibitory effects at 400 ppm with a very low IC50 and the IC90 ranged from 305 ppm to 323.36 ppm. Moreover, at the level of the strains, no difference in resistance was observed These oils could provide a good means of controlling sugarcane smut.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effects of Essential Oils for Controlling Phytophthora capsici

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 797-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Bi ◽  
He Jiang ◽  
Mary K. Hausbeck ◽  
Jianjun J. Hao
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Inhibitory Effects

Essential oils (EOs) were studied in vitro and in vivo for inhibiting Phytophthora capsici. Mycelial growth of P. capsici was examined on EO-amended media or after exposing it to EO volatiles. The efficacy of EOs was determined by estimating the effective concentration for 50% inhibition of P. capsici mycelial growth (EC50). Among 14 tested commercial products, oregano, palmarosa, and red thyme EOs had the lowest EC50 values (<0.15 μg/ml) for inhibiting the production and germination of sporangia and zoospores, and mycelial growth of P. capsici. The EOs had the same range of effect on inhibiting some mutant P. capsici isolates resistant to fluopicolide and zoxamide. P. capsici population in soil was reduced by the three EOs. Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) fruit were protected against P. capsici infection when they were sprayed with red thyme (0.1 μg/ml) or oregano and palmarosa (0.2 μg/ml) EOs. Zucchini seedling emergence was affected by oregano, but not by red thyme. Zucchini seedlings survived in P. capsici–infested soil treated with red thyme at 0.1 μg/ml, while all of the nontreated seedlings died. These results taken together suggest that oregano, red thyme, and palmarosa EOs may be potential components for integrated management of P. capsici.

scholarly journals Comparative efficacy of essential oils of three aromatic plants as alternatives in the control of Phytophthora spp., agent of cocoa tree (Theobroma cacao L.) black pod disease in Côte d'Ivoire

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1398-1409
Author(s):  
Klotioloma Coulibaly ◽  
F. J.M. Koffi Kassi ◽  
Adama Ouattara ◽  
B. F. Gogbe-Dibi ◽  
P. Walet N’guessan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Eucalyptus Citriodora ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Black Pod ◽  
Black Pod Disease ◽  
Cocoa Tree

This study aimed at comparing the efficacy of essential oils from three aromatic plants species (Cymbopogon citratus, Eucalyptus citriodora and Ocimum gratissimum) in vitro and in vivo against two Phytophthora strains (Phytophthora palmivora and P. megakarya) in a view to developing new biofongicides for the control of cocoa tree black pod disease. Essential oils were applied at four different concentrations (0.5; 1; 3 and 5 mL/L) in vitro and in vivo on leaf discs of three cocoa clones (NA32, PA150 and SCA6) whichsusceptibility is known. As results, all three essential oils significantly (p˂ 0.05) reduced in vitro mycelial growth of both Phytophthora strains and also reduced the leaf susceptibility to these strains. Inhibition rates in vitro of Phytophthora strains mycelial growth ranged from 83.80 to 100% for the essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus and Ocimum gratissimum species and from 17.7 to 100% for which of Eucalyptus citriodora species. In the biotests, the leaf susceptibility index of clone NA32 (susceptible) was reduced from 3.14 to 0.40. This correspond to reduction rates ranged from 64.87 to 86.70% of leaf susceptibility to both Phytophthora strains. Essential oils (HS and HO) from Cymbopogon citratus and Ocimum gratissimum species were most effective than which from Eucalyptus citriodora species. However, all three essential oils revealed antifungal properties. Therefore, they could be recommended as biofungicides for a sustainable control of cocoa tree black pod disease in Côte d'Ivoire.    

scholarly journals Potential of essential oils for the control of brown eye spot in coffee plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Borges Pereira ◽  
Gilvaine Ciavareli Lucas ◽  
Fabiano José Perina ◽  
Mário Lúcio Vilela de Resende ◽  
Eduardo Alves
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Conidia Germination ◽  
Lemon Grass ◽  
Vitro Effect ◽  
Brown Eye Spot ◽  
Scanning Electron

The objectives of this work were to assess the in vitro effect of essential oils extracted from cinnamon, citronella, lemon grass, India clove, tea tree, thyme, neem and eucalyptus on the conidia germination and on mycelial growth of Cercospora coffeicola, and their efficacy to control the brown eye spot in coffee seedlings (cultivars Catucaí 2SL, Catuaí IAC 62 and Mundo Novo 379/19) in a greenhouse, as well as their effects on the initial germination and infection events by scanning electron microscopy. All essential oils promoted the inhibition of conidia germination with increasing concentrations. India clove, cinnamon, neem, thyme and lemon grass oils inhibited the mycelial growth of C. coffeicola. The cinnamon and citronella oils were the most promising for brown eye spot control in all cultivars. In scanning electron microscopy, the cinnamon and citronella oils reduced germination and mycelial development of C. coffeicola in vivo, eight and 16 hours after inoculation, promoting, in some cases, the leakage of the cellular content. Essential oils of cinnamon and citronella reduced the incidence and severity of brown eye spot, in addition to presenting direct toxicity to the pathogen.

scholarly journals In vitro antifungal potential of plant extracts against Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina.

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramaraju Cherkupally ◽  
Srinivasa Reddy Kota ◽  
Hindumathi Amballa ◽  
Bhumi Narasimha Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Fungitoxic Effect

The antifungal activity of aqueous extracts of nine plants viz, Azadirachta indica, Parthenium hysterophorus, Momordica charantia, Allium sativum, Eucalyptus globules, Calotropis procera, Aloe vera, Beta vulgaris and Datura stramonium were assessed in vitro against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae, Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina, the soil borne phytopathogens. The assessment of fungitoxic effect was carried out by using three different concentrations i.e., 5, 10 and 20% against the test fungi, in terms of percentage of mycelial growth inhibition. The extract of A. sativum completely inhibited the mycelial growth of M. phaseolina at all the concentrations. The extracts of D. stramonium and E. globulus inhibited the mycelial growth of R. solani of 72%, and 70.7% respectively at 20% concentration, that of A. sativum, E. globulus and D. stramonium exhibited inhibition percentage of 63.3%, 61.8% and 61.1% respectively at 20% concentration on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae. The application of plant extracts for disease management could be less expensive, easily available, non-polluting and eco-friendly.

scholarly journals Effects of essential oils from thyme, cinnamon and clove on mycelial growth of Colletotrichum acutatum

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasa Duduk ◽  
Aleksa Obradovic ◽  
Mirko Ivanovic
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cinnamon Oil ◽  
Volatile Phase ◽  
Vitro Effect

Effects of the volatile phase of thyme, cinnamon and clove essential oils on Colletotrichum acutatum were investigated. Mycelial disc was placed in the center of the Petri dish (V=66 ml) containing PDA. Different volumes of either non- or ethanol-diluted essential oils were placed on the inner side of the dish cover to obtain final concentrations of 153, 107, 76, 46, 15, 14, 12, 11, 7.6, 3.82, 1.53, 0.153 and 0.0153 ?l/L of air. The dishes were sealed with Parafilm and incubated in up-side-down position. After 7 days of incubation, mycelial growth was recorded by measuring the colony diameter. If no mycelial growth was recorded, the disc was transferred to a new PDA plate in order to evaluate whether the activity was either fungistatic or fungicidal. Mean growth values were obtained and then converted to inhibition percentage of mycelial growth compared with the control treatment. All the tested essential oils inhibited mycelial growth of C. acutatum in the dose dependent manner. Mycelial growth was totally inhibited by thyme oil in the concentration of 76 ?l/L of air. The same results were obtained by cinnamon and clove oil in the concentration of 107 ?l/L of air. Thyme and cinnamon oil had fungicidal effect in concentrations of 107 and 153 ?l/L respectively. The results obtained provide evidence on the antifungal in vitro effect of the tested essential oils as potential means for the control of C. acutatum.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and in vitro inhibitory effects of essential oils from fruit peel of three Citrus species and limonene on mycelial growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 460-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. B. Dias ◽  
W. C. Sousa ◽  
H. R. F. Batista ◽  
C. C. F. Alves ◽  
E. L. Souchie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Citrus Species ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Citrus Peel ◽  
Fungus Growth

Abstract Essential oils (EO) from aromatic and medicinal plants generally perform a diverse range of biological activities because they have several active constituents that work in different mechanisms of action. EO from Citrus peel have an impressive range of food and medicinal uses, besides other applications. EO from Citrus reticulata, C. sinensis and C. deliciosa were extracted from fruit peel and analyzed by GC-MS. The major constituent of EO under evaluation was limonene, whose concentrations were 98.54%, 91.65% and 91.27% for C. sinensis, C. reticulata and C. deliciosa, respectively. The highest potential of inhibition of mycelial growth was observed when the oil dose was 300 μL. Citrus oils inhibited fungus growth in 82.91% (C. deliciosa), 65.82% (C. sinensis) and 63.46% (C. reticulata). Anti-Sclerotinia sclerotiorum activity of 90% pure limonene and at different doses (20, 50, 100, 200 and 300 μL) was also investigated. This monoterpene showed to be highly active by inhibiting 100% fungus growth even at 200 and 300 μL doses. This is the first report of the in vitro inhibitory effect of natural products from these three Citrus species and its results show that there is good prospect of using them experimentally to control S. sclerotiorum, in both greenhouse and field conditions.

scholarly journals Screening and Evaluation of Essential Oils from Mediterranean Aromatic Plants against the Mushroom Cobweb Disease, Cladobotryum mycophilum

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 656
Author(s):  
Gea ◽  
Navarro ◽  
Santos ◽  
Diánez ◽  
Herraiz-Peñalver
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Aromatic Species ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Cobweb Disease ◽  
Fungitoxic Effect ◽  
Compensatory Effect

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the use of essential oils (EOs) as an alternative to synthetic fungicides used in the control of cobweb disease of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) caused by Cladobotryum mycophilum. The EOs used were obtained by hydrodistillation from five Mediterranean aromatic species (Lavandula × intermedia, Salvia lavandulifolia, Satureja montana, Thymus mastichina, and Thymus vulgaris), analyzed by gas chromatography, and tested in vitro for their antifungal activity against C. mycophilum. In vitro bioassays showed that the EOs obtained from T. vulgaris and S. montana (ED50 = 35.5 and 42.8 mg L−1, respectively) were the most effective EOs for inhibiting the mycelial growth of C. mycophilum, and were also the most selective EOs between C. mycophilum and A. bisporus. The in vivo efficacy of T. vulgaris and S. montana EOs at two different concentrations (0.5 and 1%) were evaluated in two mushroom growing trials with C. mycophilum inoculation. The treatments involving T. vulgaris and S. montana EOs at the higher dose (1% concentration) were as effective as fungicide treatment. The effect of these EOs on mushroom productivity was tested in a mushroom cropping trial without inoculation. They had a strong fungitoxic effect at the first flush. However, a compensatory effect was observed by the end of the crop cycle and no differences were observed in biological efficiency between treatments. The main compounds found were carvacrol and p-cymene for S. montana, and p-cymene and thymol for T. vulgaris. These results suggest that T. vulgaris and S. montana EOs may be useful products to manage cobweb disease if used as part of an integrated pest management (IPM) program.

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