Determining the Morphometric Traits of Apis dorsata Worker Bees of Jogimatti Forest and Chitradurga, Karnataka, India

Intra- and interspecifically, larger-bodied predators generally occupy higher trophic positions (TPs). With widespread declines in large predators, there is a need to understand their size-based trophic roles to predict ecosystem-level responses. In British Columbia, Canada, we examined size-based trophic interactions between predatory fishes—3 rockfish species (genus Sebastes) and lingcod Ophiodon elongatus—and their prey, converting predator δ15N signatures to TP and analyzing stomach contents. Intraspecifically, TP scaled positively with predator length and gape width, but the rates of change varied by species. Interspecifically, TP did not scale positively with the observed mean sizes or known maximum sizes of species. Lingcod TP was lower than that of yelloweye and quillback rockfishes, which were 51 and 37%, respectively, smaller than lingcod. Yellowtail rockfish had the smallest average size, yet their mean TP did not differ significantly from that of lingcod. Neither species differences in some morphometric traits known to influence body size-TP relationships nor phylogenetic history explained these results. Most prey consumed were <20% of the predator’s size, which might partially explain the lack of a size-based trophic hierarchy among species. Currently, large size classes of rockfishes are being lost due to fisheries and perhaps climate-driven changes. Our findings on intraspecific size-TP relationships indicate that fishery removals of large individuals may diminish trophic structures. Interspecific comparisons of TP suggest that, along with size, species remain an important factor in understanding trophic dynamics. In addition, smaller-bodied predator species may have significant ecological roles to be considered in ecosystem-based fisheries management.

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Melissopalyonology of Multifloral Honey of Asian Giant Honeybee, APIS DORSATA Fabricius At Southern Karnataka, India

Indian Journal Of Applied Research ◽

10.15373/2249555x/august2014/175 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 4 (8) ◽

pp. 667-669 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K. S. Raghunandan K. S. Raghunandan ◽

◽

S. Basavarajappa S. Basavarajappa

Keyword(s):

Apis Dorsata ◽

Multifloral Honey

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Influence of Ageing and Regional Differences on Draught Performance of Umblachery Cattle

THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY ◽

10.21887/ijvsbt.15.2.11 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (02) ◽

pp. 42-45

Author(s):

Devi M Kousalya ◽

S.M K Karthickeyan ◽

R Venkataramanan ◽

S N Sivaselvam ◽

K G Tirumurugaan

Keyword(s):

Pulse Rate ◽

Power Output ◽

Regional Differences ◽

Stride Length ◽

South India ◽

Middle Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Morphometric Traits ◽

Maximum Power Output ◽

Effects Of Aging

An attempt was made to assess the effects of aging, regional differences, and draught load applied on draught potential of Umblachery cattle, an important draught breed of South India. Age had a highly significant effect (p less than 0.01) on all morphometric traits, stride length, and significant effect (p less than 0.05) on pulse rate after work. The middle age group (5.0 to 7.5 years) with more substantial stride length was identified as the critical productive age group for draught ability. Regional differences had a highly significant (p less than 0.01) influence on stride length, horsepower, and a significant effect (p less than 0.05) on pulse rate after work. The optimum draught load with which Umblachery breed could give uniform and maximum power output was found to be around 75 to 78 kg.

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Isolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria in hive of Apis dorsata from semi-arid tropical climate in Benu village, East Nusa Tenggara

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/457/1/012024 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 457 ◽

pp. 012024

Author(s):

A T Karyawati ◽

L Nuraida ◽

Y Lestari ◽

A Meryandini

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Tropical Climate ◽

Apis Dorsata ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Semi Arid

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Propolis Extract and Chitosan Improve Health of Nosema ceranae Infected Giant Honey Bees, Apis dorsata Fabricius, 1793

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10070785 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 785

Author(s):

Sanchai Naree ◽

Rujira Ponkit ◽

Evada Chotiaroonrat ◽

Christopher L. Mayack ◽

Guntima Suwannapong

Keyword(s):

Honey Bees ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Nosema Ceranae ◽

Apis Dorsata ◽

Propolis Extract ◽

Bee Health ◽

Honey Bee Health ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Honey Solution

Nosema ceranae is a large contributing factor to the most recent decline in honey bee health worldwide. Developing new alternative treatments against N. ceranae is particularly pressing because there are few treatment options available and therefore the risk of increased antibiotic resistance is quite high. Recently, natural products have demonstrated to be a promising avenue for finding new effective treatments against N. ceranae. We evaluated the effects of propolis extract of stingless bee, Tetrigona apicalis and chito-oligosaccharide (COS) on giant honey bees, Apis dorsata, experimentally infected with N. ceranae to determine if these treatments could improve the health of the infected individuals. Newly emerged Nosema-free bees were individually inoculated with 106N. ceranae spores per bee. We fed infected and control bees the following treatments consisting of 0%, 50%, propolis extracts, 0 ppm and 0.5 ppm COS in honey solution (w/v). Propolis extracts and COS caused a significant increase in trehalose levels in hemolymph, protein contents, survival rates and acini diameters of the hypopharyngeal glands in infected bees. Our results suggest that propolis and COS could improve the health of infected bees. Further research is needed to determine the underlying mechanisms responsible for the improved health of the infected bees.

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Prediction Accuracies of Genomic Selection for Nine Commercially Important Traits in the Portuguese Oyster (Crassostrea angulata) Using DArT-Seq Technology

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12020210 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 210

Author(s):

Sang V. Vu ◽

Cedric Gondro ◽

Ngoc T. H. Nguyen ◽

Arthur R. Gilmour ◽

Rick Tearle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Genomic Selection ◽

Shell Length ◽

Prediction Accuracy ◽

Genomic Information ◽

Morphometric Traits ◽

Shell Weight ◽

Shell Width ◽

Crassostrea Angulata ◽

Selection For

Genomic selection has been widely used in terrestrial animals but has had limited application in aquaculture due to relatively high genotyping costs. Genomic information has an important role in improving the prediction accuracy of breeding values, especially for traits that are difficult or expensive to measure. The purposes of this study were to (i) further evaluate the use of genomic information to improve prediction accuracies of breeding values from, (ii) compare different prediction methods (BayesA, BayesCπ and GBLUP) on prediction accuracies in our field data, and (iii) investigate the effects of different SNP marker densities on prediction accuracies of traits in the Portuguese oyster (Crassostrea angulata). The traits studied are all of economic importance and included morphometric traits (shell length, shell width, shell depth, shell weight), edibility traits (tenderness, taste, moisture content), and disease traits (Polydora sp. and Marteilioides chungmuensis). A total of 18,849 single nucleotide polymorphisms were obtained from genotyping by sequencing and used to estimate genetic parameters (heritability and genetic correlation) and the prediction accuracy of genomic selection for these traits. Multi-locus mixed model analysis indicated high estimates of heritability for edibility traits; 0.44 for moisture content, 0.59 for taste, and 0.72 for tenderness. The morphometric traits, shell length, shell width, shell depth and shell weight had estimated genomic heritabilities ranging from 0.28 to 0.55. The genomic heritabilities were relatively low for the disease related traits: Polydora sp. prevalence (0.11) and M. chungmuensis (0.10). Genomic correlations between whole weight and other morphometric traits were from moderate to high and positive (0.58–0.90). However, unfavourably positive genomic correlations were observed between whole weight and the disease traits (0.35–0.37). The genomic best linear unbiased prediction method (GBLUP) showed slightly higher accuracy for the traits studied (0.240–0.794) compared with both BayesA and BayesCπ methods but these differences were not significant. In addition, there is a large potential for using low-density SNP markers for genomic selection in this population at a number of 3000 SNPs. Therefore, there is the prospect to improve morphometric, edibility and disease related traits using genomic information in this species.

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Relationships among intramammary health, udder and teat characteristics, and productivity of extensively managed ewes

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab059 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Ryan M Knuth ◽

Whitney C Stewart ◽

Joshua B Taylor ◽

Bledar Bisha ◽

Carl J Yeoman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Future Research ◽

Morphometric Traits ◽

Maldi Tof Ms ◽

Microbial Species ◽

Maldi Tof ◽

Microbial Invasion ◽

Lactation Stage ◽

The Impact ◽

Culture Positive ◽

Tof Ms

Abstract Mastitis is an economically important disease and its subclinical state is difficult to diagnose, which makes mitigation more challenging. The objectives of this study were to screen clinically healthy ewes in order to 1) identify cultivable microbial species in milk, 2) evaluate somatic cell count (SCC) thresholds associated with intramammary infection, and 3) estimate relationships between udder and teat morphometric traits, SCC, and ewe productivity. Milk was collected from two flocks in early (<5 d) and peak (30 to 45 d) lactation to quantify SCC (n = 530) and numerate cultivable microbial species by culture-based isolation followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS; n = 243) identification. Within flock and lactation stage, 11% to 74% (mean = 36%) of samples were culture positive. More than 50 unique identifications were classified by MALDI-TOF MS analysis, and Bacillus licheniformis (18% to 27%), Micrococcus flavus (25%), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (7% to 18%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (26%) were among the most common within flock and across lactation stage. Optimum SCC thresholds to identify culture-positive samples ranged from 175 × 103 to 1,675 × 103 cells/mL. Ewe productivity was assessed as total 120-d adjusted litter weight (LW120) and analyzed within flock with breed, parity, year, and the linear covariate of log10 SCC (LSCC) at early or peak lactation. Although dependent on lactation stage and year, each 1-unit increase in LSCC (e.g., an increase in SCC from 100 × 103 to 1,000 × 103 cells/mL) was predicted to decrease LW120 between 9.5 and 16.1 kg when significant. Udder and teat traits included udder circumference, teat length, teat placement, and degree of separation of the udder halves. Correlations between traits were generally low to moderate within and across lactation stage and most were not consistently predictive of ewe LSCC. Overall, the frequencies of bacteria-positive milk samples indicated that subclinical mastitis (SCM) is common in these flocks and can impact ewe productivity. Therefore, future research is warranted to investigate pathways and timing of microbial invasion, genomic regions associated with susceptibility, and husbandry to mitigate the impact of SCM in extensively managed ewes.

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