scholarly journals Parametric Investigation and Optimization of the Newly Developed Pant Loading Ramp Machine

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Kumkum Pandey ◽  
Deepa Vinay
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Rate Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cardiac Cost ◽  
Load Weight

Objective of the current study was to optimize newly developed pant loading ramp to perform manual handling task. Pant loading ramp was 19 feet in length, having width of 2 feet, anti-slippery, easy to move due to provision of rotating wheels, adjustable at varying heights of the loading vehicle (between 2.5-5 feet) and reduces the loading time up to 30 minutes.  For this purpose experiments were conducted on a group of 20 experienced manual handlers in rice mills of Udham Singh Nagar district, Uttarakhand, India. The reliability and validity of the developed, loading ramp was assessed by using response surface methodology in terms of change in energy expenditure (EE), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), total cardiac cost of work (TCCW) and grip strength (GS). Therefore Response Surface Methodology (statistical tools to determine the significance of a factor over a response or collection of mathematical and statistical techniques for empirical model building) was applied to optimize the operating parameters of ramp such as load weight, height of ramp and time. As per Box Behenken design total 17 experiments were carried out each of which varied over three levels as load weight (40, 50 and 60 kg.), height of ramp (3, 4 and 5 feet), and time (3, 4 and 5 min.). ANOVA and coefficient of determination (R2) test were applied. In result it was observed that use of pant loading ramp was able to reduce Energy Expenditure (EE) of respondents’ from 14.55 kJ/min. to 11.41 kJ/min., Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) from 85.45 to 20%, Total Cardiac Cost of Work (TCCW) from 996.3 to 564.36 beats and Grip Strength (GS) from 47.45 to 3.30% with overall desirability of 0.84%. In comparison with traditional method it was also found to reduce Average Working heart Rate (AWHR) (14.55-11.41), Peak Energy Expenditure (PEE) (16-12), Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) (85.45-20), Grip Strength (GS) (47.45-3.30) and Total Cardiac Cost of Work (TCCW) (996.3-564.35). Relative advantages showed that more than 95% users were highly satisfied and found it advantageous.

scholarly journals Optimization of the process parameters in rice mill using Response surface methodology (RSM)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1267-1277
Author(s):  
Kumkum Pandey ◽  
Deepa Vinay
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
Reduce Heart Rate ◽  
Manual Handling ◽  
Load Weight

Objective of the current study was to analyze a wooden plank used as a loading ramp to perform manual handling task with a view to redesign and develop the new one for agriculture. Developed ramp was more wide, static and non slippery than the wooden plank. For this purpose experiments were conducted on a group of 10 experienced manual handlers in the KLA rice mill of Rudrapur Block, district Udhamsingh Nagar, Uttarakhand, India. The reliability and validity of the developed, modern loading ramp was assessed by using response surface methodology in terms of change in MSD, heart rate and VO2 max. Therefore RSM was applied to optimize the operating parameters of ramp such as load weight, height of ramp and time. As per Box Behenken design total 17 experiments were carried out. Each parameter was varied over three levels as load weight of 40, 50 and 60 kg., height of ramp 3, 4 and 5 feet, and the time viz. 3, 4 and 5 min. ANOVA test and coefficient of determination (R2) were applied. In result it was observed that use of developed pant loading ramp was able to reduce heart rate of selected respondent’s from 135.4 beats/min. to 126.76 beats/min., MSD from 85.45 to 22.80 % and VO2 max from 39.45 to 34L/min.

scholarly journals Optimization of Crude Oil and PAHs Degradation by Stenotrophomonas rhizophila KX082814 Strain through Response Surface Methodology Using Box-Behnken Design

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen Kumar Siddalingappa Virupakshappa ◽  
Manjunatha Bukkambudhi Krishnaswamy ◽  
Gaurav Mishra ◽  
Mohammed Ameenuddin Mehkri
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Rhizophila ◽  
Crude Oil Removal

The present paper describes the process optimization study for crude oil degradation which is a continuation of our earlier work on hydrocarbon degradation study of the isolate Stenotrophomonas rhizophila (PM-1) with GenBank accession number KX082814. Response Surface Methodology with Box-Behnken Design was used to optimize the process wherein temperature, pH, salinity, and inoculum size (at three levels) were used as independent variables and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon, Biological Oxygen Demand, and Chemical Oxygen Demand of crude oil and PAHs as dependent variables (response). The statistical analysis, via ANOVA, showed coefficient of determination R2 as 0.7678 with statistically significant P value 0.0163 fitting in second-order quadratic regression model for crude oil removal. The predicted optimum parameters, namely, temperature, pH, salinity, and inoculum size, were found to be 32.5°C, 9, 12.5, and 12.5 mL, respectively. At this optimum condition, the observed and predicted PAHs and crude oil removal were found to be 71.82% and 79.53% in validation experiments, respectively. The % TPH results correlate with GC/MS studies, BOD, COD, and TPC. The validation of numerical optimization was done through GC/MS studies and   % removal of crude oil.

scholarly journals Optimization of an Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Condition for Flavonoid Compounds from Cocoa Shells (Theobroma cacao) Using Response Surface Methodology

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arief Md Yusof ◽  
Siti Abd Gani ◽  
Uswatun Zaidan ◽  
Mohd Halmi ◽  
Badrul Zainudin
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Ultrasound Irradiation ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Experimental Values

This study investigates the ultrasound-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Malaysian cocoa shell extracts, and optimization using response surface methodology. There are three variables involved in this study, namely: ethanol concentration (70–90 v/v %), temperature (45–65 °C), and ultrasound irradiation time (30–60 min). All of the data were collected and analyzed for variance (ANOVA). The coefficient of determination (R2) and the model was significant in interaction between all variables (98% and p < 0.0001, respectively). In addition, the lack of fit test for the model was not of significance, with p > 0.0684. The ethanol concentration, temperature, and ultrasound irradiation time that yielded the maximum value of the total flavonoid content (TFC; 7.47 mg RE/g dried weight (DW)) was 80%, 55 °C, and 45 min, respectively. The optimum value from the validation of the experimental TFC was 7.23 ± 0.15 mg of rutin, equivalent per gram of extract with ethanol concentration, temperature, and ultrasound irradiation time values of 74.20%, 49.99 °C, and 42.82 min, respectively. While the modelled equation fits the data, the T-test is not significant, suggesting that the experimental values agree with those predicted by the response surface methodology models.

scholarly journals Optimization of electrocoagulation of instant coffee production wastewater using the response surface methodology

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha Manh Bui
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Electrolysis Time ◽  
Instant Coffee ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
Initial Ph

Abstract The COD removal efficiency from an instant coffee processing wastewater using electrocoagulation was investigated. For this purpose, the response surface methodology was employed, using central composing design to optimize three of the most important operating variables, i.e., electrolysis time, current density and initial pH. The results based upon statistical analysis showed that the quadratic models for COD removal were significant at very low probability value (<0.0001) and high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9621) value. The statistical results also indicated that all the three variables and the interaction between initial pH and electrolysis time were significant on COD abatement. The maximum predicted COD removal using the response function reached 93.3% with electrolysis time of 10 min, current density of 108.3 A/m2 and initial pH of 7.0, respectively. The removal efficiency value was agreed well with the experimental value of COD removal (90.4%) under the optimum conditions.

Modeling of Dye-Free, Salt-Free Coloration in Wool Fabric Using Response Surface Methodology

2013 ◽  
Vol 746 ◽  
pp. 380-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zi Fu ◽  
Yong Zhu Cui ◽  
Wang Xiao ◽  
Li Hua Lv
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Wool Fabric ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Simulation And Optimization

In the present work, dye-free, salt-free coloration in wool fabric was studied. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to develop predictive models for simulation and optimization of the color index a*b*ΔE. The influence of the viriables (sulfuric acid concentration,dyeing time ,dyeing temperature and concentration of DMBA) were investigated with the help of MINITAB16 software. The modeling methodologies was statisticallyanalysed by the coefficient of determination (R2), Correlation Coefficient values and Correlation Coefficient values. Results indicated excellent performance of experimental data by polynomial regression model.Finally, the corresponding effects of the independent viariables were studied by the analysis of variance (ANOVA).

scholarly journals Application of the response surface methodology for the evaluation of Staphylococcus aureus inhibition with Ag/TiO2 nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Olivares-Ramírez ◽  
Leticia López-Zamora ◽  
M.J. Peña-Juárez ◽  
E.J. Gutiérrez-Castañeda ◽  
J.A. Gonzalez-Calderon
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
P Value ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition

Abstract The present work shows the implementation of the Response Surface Methodology (RSM), fed by an experimental Central Composite Design (CCD) to find the conditions that allow maximizing the inhibition of the microorganism Staphylococcus aureus with nanoparticles of TiO2 silanized with 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and doped with Ag. In addition, Poly(lactic) acid composites were prepared with these Ag/TiO2 nanoparticles with the aim to confer their antimicrobial effect. The independent variables considered were pH, AgNO3/TiO2 ratio (% w/w), and TiO2 nanoparticles concentration (g/250 mL), and as the variable of response, the length of the diameter of the halo or zone of inhibition presented by the microorganism (mm). Statistical analysis found that maximization of S. aureus inhibition occurs at intermediate levels with a value of 10 for pH and 5 g of TiO2 solids, while for the concentration of AgNO3 high levels are required, greater than 10% w/w. Likewise, the statistical significance was determined using the Student's t-test and the p-value; it was found that the significant effect corresponds to the concentration of AgNO3, so a second experimental CCD design equirradial with two factors was considered, estimating AgNO3 concentration and TiO2 amount, the pH at constant 10 value. The second experimental design indicated that maximization in S. aureus inhibition occurs at an AgNO3 concentration between 20-25% w/w with high amounts of TiO2 solids (7-8 g), with a resulting zone of inhibition between 26-28 mm. The quadratic model obtained, which represents the relationship between the length of the zone of inhibition with the variables considered, shows an adjustment of experimental data with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.82.

scholarly journals Response surface methodology for optimization studies of hydro-distillation of essential oil from pixie mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) peels

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Tan Phat Dao ◽  
Ngo Thi Cam Quyen ◽  
Tran Thi Yen Nhi ◽  
Chi Cuong Nguyen ◽  
Trung Thanh Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Target Function ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
P Value ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Mathematical Techniques

Abstract Essential oil extraction technique from mandarin pixie peels by hydro-distillation is optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Mathematical techniques were used in experimental design to evaluate the impacts of factors that affect the extraction process and improve the yield of the extraction process. A central mixed design based on influencing variables such as water ratio (3–5 mL/g), temperature (110–130 °C) and extraction time (90–150 min) was adopted with essential oil yield as the target function. Correlation analysis of the mathematical regression model showed that the quadratic polynomial model can be used to optimize hydro-distillation of pixie mandarin oil. The results showed that under the optimum extraction conditions, the highest quantity of essential oils was achieved (7.28 mL/100 g materials). In terms of statistical analysis, the significance levels (p-value <0.05) of the model showed that the experimental results had a good impact between factors. The coefficient of determination indicating the match between the experimental value and the predicted value of the model was high (R2>0.9). The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, revealing the dominance of limonene content (97.667%), which implies that the essential oil of pixie mandarin could be an alternative source of limonene.

scholarly journals Optimization of Chromium Removal by the Indigenous Bacterium Bacillus spp. REP02 Using the Response Surface Methodology

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Venil ◽  
V. Mohan ◽  
P. Lakshmanaperumalsamy ◽  
M. B. Yerima
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Indigenous Bacterium ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Chromium Electroplating ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus

An indigenous bacterium, Bacillus REP02, was isolated from locally sourced chromium electroplating industrial effluents. Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the five critical medium parameters responsible for higher % Cr2+ removal by the bacterium Bacillus REP02. A three-level Box-Behnken factorial design was used to optimize K2HPO4, yeast extract, MgSO4, NH4NO3, and dextrose for Cr2+ removal. A coefficient of determination (R2) value (0.93), model F-value (3.92) and its low P-value (F<0.0008) along with lower value of coefficient of variation (5.39) indicated the fitness of response surface quadratic model during the present study. At optimum parameters of K2HPO4 (0.6 g L−1), yeast extract (5.5 g L−1), MgSO4 (0.04 g L−1), NH4NO3 (0.20 g L−1), and dextrose (12.50 g L−1), the model predicted 98.86% Cr2+ removal, and experimentally, 99.08% Cr2+ removal was found.

Boosting Mechanical Properties of Orthoses - Foot Ankle by Adding Carbon Nanotube Particles

2021 ◽  
Vol 1039 ◽  
pp. 518-536
Author(s):  
Abbas H. Jeryo ◽  
Jumaa S. Chiad ◽  
Wajdi S. Abbod
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Two Parameters

In this process, optimum laminating properties were used in producing prosthesis and orthoses were researched and selected based on high yield, ultimate stresses, stresses of bending and fatigue properties. The process of the optimal selection is the Response Surface Methodology (RSM), which has been used to reach two parameters: reinforcement perlon fiber and percent of multi-strand carbon MWCNT nanotube combined with the matrix resin. The response surface methodology is a combination of mathematician and statistic techniques which are used for experimental model building and analysis of problems. This technique revealed 13 separate laminations samples with a percentage of separate Perlon layers No. and MWCNT Wt %. Tests were conducted for all lamination materials as defined in RSM methods and rendered by vacuum system, including fatigue tests for the ideal laminating material as opposed to laminations developed in the prior study (three Tensile test, Bending test and Fatigue tests according to the ASTM D638 and D790 respectively). Tests from the system version 10.0.2 of Design Expert found lamination (10 perlon layers and 0.75% of MWCNTs) to be the best according to overall yield, ultimate and bending loads in the 12 other laminations. Fatigue eventually revealed that constraints were applied to the stamina tension (2,66, 1,66) for optimum lamination, relative to ten perlon lamination layers and 424 lamination respectively.

The optimization of prebiotic sucrose-free mango nectar by response surface methodology: The effect of stevia and inulin on physicochemical and rheological properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainaz Alizadeh ◽  
Amin Seyedan Oskuyi ◽  
Sajed Amjadi
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Sugar Consumption ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Optimum Model ◽  
Optimum Sample

The reduction of sugar consumption is one of the major challenges for nutritionists and food industry. Therefore, it is significant to replace sucrose with other types of sweeteners, especially, natural ones. The aim of the present study is to produce low-calorie, sucrose-free mango nectar and to optimize the formulation by employing response surface methodology. The two independent variables were stevia, as a low-calorie sugar replacer (0, 1.5, and 3% w/w) and inulin as a prebiotic texturizer (0, 3, and 6% w/w) in order to compensate sugar elimination defect on viscosity and °Brix. The fitted models indicated a high coefficient of determination. The results revealed that stevia and inulin are as the independent variables which had significant effects on °Brix, viscosity, and sensory scores (p < 0.05). Also, pH was affected by stevia concentration. The rheological behavior of the sucrose-free mango nectar was non-Newtonian, shear thinning as Herschel–Bulkley model which was not different from the reported behavior for normal mango nectar-containing sucrose. The optimization of the variables, based on the response surface three-dimensional plots, demonstrated that utilizing 6% w/w inulin and 3% w/w stevia produced the optimum mango nectar with the desirability of 0.85 without undesirable changes in the physicochemical and organoleptic properties. The optimum sample was produced in triplicate to validate the optimum model as well.

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