Boosting Mechanical Properties of Orthoses - Foot Ankle by Adding Carbon Nanotube Particles

2021 ◽  
Vol 1039 ◽  
pp. 518-536
Author(s):  
Abbas H. Jeryo ◽  
Jumaa S. Chiad ◽  
Wajdi S. Abbod
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Two Parameters

In this process, optimum laminating properties were used in producing prosthesis and orthoses were researched and selected based on high yield, ultimate stresses, stresses of bending and fatigue properties. The process of the optimal selection is the Response Surface Methodology (RSM), which has been used to reach two parameters: reinforcement perlon fiber and percent of multi-strand carbon MWCNT nanotube combined with the matrix resin. The response surface methodology is a combination of mathematician and statistic techniques which are used for experimental model building and analysis of problems. This technique revealed 13 separate laminations samples with a percentage of separate Perlon layers No. and MWCNT Wt %. Tests were conducted for all lamination materials as defined in RSM methods and rendered by vacuum system, including fatigue tests for the ideal laminating material as opposed to laminations developed in the prior study (three Tensile test, Bending test and Fatigue tests according to the ASTM D638 and D790 respectively). Tests from the system version 10.0.2 of Design Expert found lamination (10 perlon layers and 0.75% of MWCNTs) to be the best according to overall yield, ultimate and bending loads in the 12 other laminations. Fatigue eventually revealed that constraints were applied to the stamina tension (2,66, 1,66) for optimum lamination, relative to ten perlon lamination layers and 424 lamination respectively.

Optimization of the Fermentation Conditions for 1-Deoxynojirimycin Production by Streptomyces lawendulae Applying the Response Surface Methodology

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao-Jun Wei ◽  
Le-Chun Zhou ◽  
Hua Chen ◽  
Gui-Hai Chen
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Strain ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Ethyl Sulfate ◽  
Initial Ph

Moranoline (1-Deoxynojirimycin, DNJ) is a piperidine alkaloid, and shows high inhibit activities to glucoamylase and ?-glucosidase. One DNJ high-yield strain of Streptomyces lawendulae was obtained after isolated form soil and mutated with the ultra violet (UV) and ethyl sulfate (DES), which named as TB-412, and can produce DNJ with 35.925 mg/L. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the parameters of DNJ yield from S. lawendulae TB-412. The effects of independent variables of fermentation, including time, temperature, initial pH and the soluble starch content were investigated. The statistical analysis showed that the fermentation time, pH and the soluble starch content, and the quadratics of time, temperature, pH and the soluble starch content, as well as the interactions between fermentation time and pH, and time and the soluble starch content, showed significant effects on DNJ yield. The optimal process parameters for DNJ production within the experimental range of the variables researched was at 11d, 27 °C, pH 7.5, and 8% soluble starch content. At this condition, the DNJ yield was predicted to be 42.875 mg/L.

scholarly journals Development in mechanical and fatigue properties of AA6061/AL2O3 nanocomposites under stirring temperature (ST)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (12(112)) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Raad Mohammed Abed ◽  
Ali Yousuf Khenyab ◽  
Hussain Jasim M. Alalkawi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Uniform Distributions ◽  
Al2o3 Composite ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
High Fatigue

Aluminum is expected to remain the core material for many critical applications such as aircraft and automobiles. This is due to the high resistance to different environmental conditions, desired and manageable mechanical properties, as well as high fatigue resistance. Aluminum nanocomposites such as AA6061/Al2O3 can be made in many ways using a liquid metallurgy method. The main challenges for this method in the production of nanocomposites are the difficulties of achieving a uniform distribution of reinforcing materials and possible chemical reactions between the reinforcing material and the matrix. For structural applications exclusive to aerospace sectors. The growing cost-effective nanocomposites mass production technology with essential operational and geometric flexibility is a big challenge all the time. Each method of preparing AA6061/Al2O3 nanocomposites can provide different mechanical properties. In the present study, nine nanocomposites were prepared at three stirring temperatures (800, 850, and 900 °C) with the level of Al2O3 addition of 0, 5, 7, and 9 wt %. The results of tensile, hardness and fatigue tests revealed that the composite including 9 wt % Al2O3 with 850 °C stirring temperatures has the best properties. It was also revealed that the 850 °C stirring temperature (ST) with 9 wt % Al2O3 composite provide an increase in tensile strength, VHN and reduction in ductility by 20 %, 16 % and 36.8 % respectively, compared to zero-nano. Also, the fatigue life at the 90 MPa stress level increased by 17.4 % in comparison with 9 wt % nanocomposite at 800 °C (ST). Uniform distributions were observed for all nine microstructure compositions.

Optimization of physical parameters for phycobiliprotein extracted from Oscillatoria agardhii and Synechococcus nidulans / Oscillatoria agardhii ve Synechococcus nidulans türlerinden fikobiliprotein ekstraksiyonu için fiziksel parametrelerin optimizasyonu

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
İrem Deniz ◽  
Esra İmamoğlu ◽  
Meltem Conk Dalay
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Agitation Rate ◽  
Orbital Shaking ◽  
Oscillatoria Agardhii

AbstractObjective: Physical process parameters play a major role in the cultivation of cyanobacteria to provide high yield. The aim of this study was to optimize physical parameters such as light intensity and agitation rate which might affect the phycobiliprotein formations for cyanobacterial strains of Oscillatoria agardhii and Synechococcus nidulans using response surface methodology.Methods: The cyanobacterial strains were cultured in 250 mL flasks containing 100 mL of EM medium in orbital shaking incubator under the temperature of 22±2°C at different light intensities and agitation rates for 10 days. The experimental design was carried out using 2Results: The optimization solution of O. agardhii (approximately at 156 rpm under the light intensity of 65 μmol photons mConclusion: High agitation rate stimulated the faster growth than increased the light intensity for the growths of cyanobacterial strains.

scholarly journals Kinetics and Optimization by Response Surface Methodology of Aerobic Bioremediation. Geoelectrical Parameter Monitoring

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Maria Raffa ◽  
Fulvia Chiampo ◽  
Alberto Godio ◽  
Andrea Vergnano ◽  
Francesca Bosco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Dielectric Permittivity ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Coaxial Cable ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Aerobic Bioremediation

This study aimed to investigate the kinetics of an aerobic bioremediation process of diesel oil removal by indigenous microorganisms, and to define the optimal operative conditions by means of response surface methodology. This was carried out by setting up a series of microcosms (200 g of soil), polluted with the same diesel oil concentration (70 g·kg−1 of soil), but with different water contents (u%) and carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios. The process was monitored by: (1) residual diesel oil concentration, to measure the removal efficiency, and (2) fluorescein production, to check the microbial activity. These two parameters were the objective variables used for the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and response surface methodology (RSM). The results allowed the interactions between u% and C/N to be defined and the optimal range to be adopted for each. The process kinetics was modeled with first- and second-order reaction rates; slightly better results were achieved for the second-order model in terms of parameter variability. Biological processes like degradation may have effects on dielectric properties of soil; an open-ended coaxial cable was used to measure the dielectric permittivity of microcosm matrices at the start and after 130 days of bioremediation. The evolution of the real and the imaginary components of dielectric permittivity provided results that supported the evidence of a biodegradation process in progress.

Process Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Pectin from Helianthus annuus L. Heads by Response Surface Methodology

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 848-854
Author(s):  
Yin Xiang Gao ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Yuan Gang Zu ◽  
Li Ping Yao
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted

An ultrasound-assisted procedure for the extraction of pectin from heads ofHelianthus annuusL. (sunflower) was established. A Box–Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the extraction temperature (X1: 30–50°C), extraction time (X2: 20–40 min) and pH (X3: 2.5–3.5) to obtain a high yield of pectin with high degree of esterification (DE) from sunflower heads. Analysis of variance showed that the contribution of a quadratic model was significant for the pectin extraction yield and DE. An optimization study using response surface methodology was performed and 3D response surfaces were plotted from the mathematical model. According to the RSM model, the highest pectin yield (23.11 ± 0.08%) and DE (39.85 ± 0.14%) can be achieved when the UAE process is carried out at 50°C for 40min using a hydrochloric acid solution of pH 3.0. These results suggest that ultrasound-assisted extraction could be a good option for the extraction of functional pectin from sunflower heads at industrial level.

scholarly journals Efficient media for high production of microbial lipase from Bacillus subtilis (BSK-L) using response surface methodology for enantiopure synthesis of drug molecules

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indu Bhushan
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Racemic Mixture ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Chiral Drugs ◽  
Microbial Lipase ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Lipases are a multipurpose enzyme that holds a significant position in industrial applications due to its ability to catalyse a large number of reactions such as hydrolysis, esterification, interesterification, transesterification which makes it a potential candidate. It is also used for the separation of chiral drugs from the racemic mixture and this property of lipase is considered very important in pharmaceutical industries for the synthesis of enantiopure bioactive molecules. Assuming the tremendous importance of lipases, as stereoselective biocatalysts, in pharmaceuticals and various other commercial applications, industrial enzymologists have been forced to search for those microorganisms which are able to produce novel biocatalysts at reasonably high yield. In the present study microbial lipase was isolated from the water sample of pond at Katra, Jammu and Kashmir (India). This enzyme has shown wide specificity and higher enantioselectivity, which make it pharmaceutical important enzyme. To make it economical for industrial application, it was produced on cheap nutrient media using Response Surface Methodology and got maximum production. It was used for resolution of chiral drugs and the significant results obtained during the course of work shall have potential towards pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals OPTIMASI DENGAN ALGORITMA RSM-CCD PADA EVAPORATOR VAKUM WATERJET DENGAN PENGENDALI SUHU FUZZY PADA PEMBUATAN PERMEN SUSU (RSM-CCD Algorithm for Optimizing Waterjet Vacuum Evaporator Using Fuzzy Temperature Control in The Milk Candy Production)

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Yusuf Hendrawan ◽  
Bambang Susilo ◽  
Angky Wahyu Putranto ◽  
Dimas Firmanda Al Riza ◽  
Dewi Maya Maharani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Control System ◽  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Temperature Control System ◽  
Mixing Speed ◽  
Central Composite

Milk candy is a product which has to be produced under a high temperature to achieve the caramelization process. The use of vacuum system during a food processing is one of the alternatives to engineer the value of a material’s boiling point. The temperature control system and the mixing speed in machine that produce the milk candy were expected to be able to prevent the formation of off-flavour in the final product. A smart control system based on fuzzy logic was applied in the temperature control within the double jacket vacuum evaporator machine that needs stable temperature in the cooking process. The objective of this research is developing vacuum evaporator for milk candy production using fuzzy temperature control. The result in machine and system planning showed that the process of milk candy production was going on well. The parameter optimization of water content and ash content purposed to acquire the temperature point parameter and mixing speed in milk candy production. The optimization method was response surface methodology (RSM), by using the model of central composite design (CCD). The optimization resulted 90.18oC for the temperature parameter and 512 RPM for the mixing speed, with the prediction about 4.69% of water content and 1.57% of ash content.Keywords: Optimization, vacuum evaporator, fuzzy, milk candy, response surface methodologyABSTRAKPermen susu merupakan salah satu produk yang diolah dengan suhu tinggi untuk mencapai proses karamelisasi. Pengolahan pangan dengan sistem vakum merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk merekayasa nilai titik didih suatu bahan. Sistem pengendalian suhu serta kecepatan pengadukan pada mesin produksi permen susu diharapkan dapat mencegah terbentuknya partikel hitam (off-flavour) pada produk akhir. Sistem kontrol cerdas logika fuzzy diaplikasikan dalam pengendalian suhu pada mesin evaporator vakum double jacket yang membutuhkan tingkat stabilitas suhu pemasakan permen susu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat rancang bangun evaporator vakum pada pembuatan permen susu dengan menggunakan pengendali suhu fuzzy. Hasil perancangan mesin dan sistem menunjukkan bahwa proses produksi permen susu dapat berlangsung dengan baik. Optimasi parameter kadar air dan kadar abu dilakukan untuk mendapatkan titik parameter suhu dan kecepatan pengadukan produksi permen susu yang optimum. Metode optimasi menggunakan response surface methodology (RSM) model central composite design (CCD). Hasil optimasi didapatkan parameter suhu 90,18oC dan kecepatan pengadukan 512 RPM, dengan prediksi produk permen susu memiliki nilai kadar air 4,69% dan kadar abu 1,57%.Kata kunci: Optimasi, evaporator vakum, fuzzy, permen susu, response surface methodology

MMC Ring Fatigue and Fracture Life Prediction: An Engineering Model

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary R. Halford
Keyword(s):  
Crack Initiation ◽  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Nasa Lewis Research ◽  
Engineering Model ◽  
Current Application ◽  
Strain Compatibility ◽  
The Matrix

Abstract The framework of an engineering creep-fatigue durability model has been adapted for use in estimating the radial static burst pressure and cyclic low-cycle fatigue macro-crack initiation resistance of continuous fiber reinforced (CFR) metal matrix composite (MMC) rings for application at 800 °F. Rings of circumfrentially wrapped SCS6/Ti-15-3 were manufactured by Textron Specialty Metals and burst tested by Pratt & Whitney as a part of a cooperative program with the NASA Lewis Research Center. Fatigue tests have as yet to be performed. The engineering model is based on a 3-D elasto-plastic micromechanics analysis of the tensile-loaded composite architecture. Use is made of the rule of mixtures, strain compatibility, equilibrium, and the stress-strain relationships of the constituents. Knowledge is required of the mechanical and fatigue properties of the matrix and fibers and how the presence of each affects the sharing of imposed stresses and strains. The model addresses specific issues such as residual fabrication stresses, inelastic deformation within the ductile matrix, multiaxial constraint imposed on the matrix, cyclic relaxation of both residual and applied mean stresses in the matrix, fatigue micro-crack initiation and propagation in the matrix, and tensile fracture of both the ductile matrix and the brittle fibers. In the current application of the model, the specific issues were empirically calibrated through use of tensile and tension-tension fatigue coupons that had been subjected to essentially identical loading as the rings.

Modeling of Radial Over Cut in Electrochemical Machining of Al-B4C MMC Using Response Surface Methodology

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Sadineni Rama Rao ◽  
G. Padmanabhan
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Electrochemical Machining ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Contour Plots

AbstractElectrochemical machining (ECM) is increasing its importance in machining of metal matrix composites (MMC) due to some specific advantages which can be exploited during machining operation. In ECM the quality of the surface produced is also depends on the workpiece physical and electrical properties along with the process parameters like voltage, feed rate, electrolyte concentration, type of electrolyte, current, gap between electrodes etc. Therefore, in the present work the percentage of reinforcement of the particulates in the matrix is considered one of the process parameters along with the applied voltage, electrode feed rate and electrolyte concentration. A mathematical prediction model of the radial over cut (ROC) was developed using response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of electrochemical machining parameters on the Radial over cut were evaluated. The contour plots were drawn to study the effect of various process parameters and their interaction. In this work the predicted values and measured values are quite close to each other. Therefore, the developed model can be effectively used to predict the radial over cut on electrochemical machining of Al-B4C composites.

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