scholarly journals Optimization of Nitrogen Dose under Different Irrigation Levels in Maize (Zea mays L.) during Post Monsoon Season at Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
B. Soujanya ◽  
B. Balaji Naik ◽  
M. Uma Devi ◽  
T. L. Neelima ◽  
Anima Biswal
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Soil Moisture Condition ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Post Monsoon Season

A field experiment was conducted at Agro Climate Research Center, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India during post monsoon season of 2019-20 with an objective to optimize the nitrogen dose under varied degrees of water stress environment. The experiment was laid out in split plot design replicated thrice with three irrigation scheduling (60%DASM, 40%DASM and 20%DASM) as main plots and three nitrogen levels (90, 180 and 240 kg of nitrogen ha-1) as sub plots. The results indicated that, at 20% DASM, with increasing nitrogen dose from 90 to180 and further 240 kg ha-1, the plant height and biomass increased significantly. Whereas a significant response in terms of the LAI, number of grains row-1, grain and stover yields and nitrogen uptake by plant was observed up to 180 kg N ha-1.Under deficit soil moisture condition (60% DASM) the maximum plant height (141.5cm), LAI (2.93), biomass (222.3 g plant-1), number of grains row-1 (35.3) test weight (24.1 g), grain yield (4930 kg ha-1), stover yields (7996kg ha-1) and nitrogen uptake by plant was recorded with low nitrogen dose of 90 kg N ha-1 and all these parameters were decreased with increasing nitrogen dose. The concentration of nitrogen in leaf, stem and grain was more under deficit soil moisture condition (60% DASM) and was decreased with reliving plant water stress by scheduling irrigation at 40% DASM and 20% DASM. This investigation evidences the need of nitrogen optimization under varied degree of moisture availability. Under deficit irrigated situation, lower dose of nitrogen is sufficient for optimum yield. Whereas under sufficient water availability, the beneficial effect increased nitrogen levels can be exploited for higher grain yield in maize.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under deficit irrigation

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
PK Sarkar ◽  
MSU Talukder ◽  
SK Biswas ◽  
A Khatun
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Soil Moisture Condition ◽  
Crown Root ◽  
Initiation Stage

Timing and the extent of water deficit were studied in a field experiment on wheat (cv. Shatabdi) for three consecutive years from 2003-04 through 2005-06 at Jamalpur area. The effects of number and timing of irrigation application on yields were investigated under variable soil moisture condition in the root zone of different treatments. Eight deficit irrigations, including one no stress and one rainfed treatments were selected to subject the crop to various degrees of soil water deficit at different stages of crop growth. Measured amount of irrigation water was applied as per schedule prescribed for a particular treatment. Grain yield (GY), biomass, harvest index (HI), and water productivity (WP) were reasonably affected by deficit irrigation. Other yield contributing parameters like 1000-grain weight, grains/spike and spike, length were also affected by different levels of deficit irrigation. During grain formation stage, water deficit did not affect the grain yield but saved water significantly. Such water deficit treatments also shortened the grain maturation period. Differences in grain and straw yield among the stressed and no stress treatments are comparatively small, and statistically insignificant in some cases. The highest water productivity (2.02 kg/m3) was observed in treatment which was irrigated only once at crown root initiation stage (T2) although the yield was comparatively low. The CRI (crown root initiation) stage was found the most sensitive to water stress. Water stress at vegetative stage also reduced the yield considerably. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i4.19663 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(4): 719-732, December 2013

Impact of climate change on soil moisture condition in Nova Scotia

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raheleh Malekian ◽  
Robert Gordon ◽  
Ali Madani ASABE Member ◽  
Seyyed Ebrahim Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Soil Moisture Condition ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change

scholarly journals Effect of soil moisture condition on the conversion rate of oxamyl.

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-198
Author(s):  
J.H. Smelt ◽  
A. Dekker ◽  
M. Leistra
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Soil Moisture Condition ◽  
Incubation Experiments ◽  
Wilting Point

The decomposition of oxamyl in four soils under moist conditions was measured in incubation experiments at 15 deg C. Half-lives of oxamyl in soils with moisture tensions of approx. -9.8 X 103 Pa were 13 days in a clay loam, 14 days in a loamy sand, 34 days in a peaty sand and 39 days in a humic loamy sand. The rate of oxamyl decomposition in the clay loam decreased with decreasing soil moisture content down to values for below wilting point. Oxamyl decomposition in the humic loamy sand decreased with decreasing soil moisture content, but increased sharply in the very dry range. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Soil moisture obtained through remote sensing to assess drought events

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 575-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago de M. Inocêncio ◽  
Alfredo Ribeiro Neto ◽  
Alzira G. S. S. Souza
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Moisture Index ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Soil Moisture Condition ◽  
Northeast Region ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Soil Moisture Index

ABSTRACT The sequence of drought events in the Northeast of Brazil in recent decades raises attention to the importance of studying this phenomenon. The objective of this study was to evaluate the duration and severity of drought events from 1988 to 2018 in hydrographic basins of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, using two drought indexes: Standardized Soil Moisture Index and Soil Moisture Condition Index, calculated based on data of the Soil Moisture Project of the European Space Agency’s Climate Change Initiative. The duration of the droughts was determined considering the months between their beginning and end, and their severity was based on the area formed in the graph between the curve of the index and the x-axis. The soil moisture database showed to be a promising tool for the analysis and monitoring of drought events in the Northeast region of Brazil, mainly for analysis and monitoring of drought events. The indexes allowed the evaluation of the drought phenomenon over the 30-year period, showing increases from 2012, which were more pronounced in the Semiarid region. The hydrographic basins responded differently to a same event, depending on the climate characteristics of the region in which they are located. Consecutive years with rainfall below the historical mean increased the magnitude of the droughts, as found for the 2012-2017 period, in which the indexes presented delays to return to more favorable values, showing the effect that one drought year has on the following year.

Responses of two hybrid Populus clones to flooding, drought, and nitrogen availability. I. Morphology and growth

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 2265-2270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijun Liu ◽  
Donald I. Dickmann
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Leaf Initiation ◽  
Stem Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen Levels

Repeated progressive drought and flooding stress were imposed on hybrid poplar clones Populus × euramericana 'Eugenei', and Populus tristis × Populus balsamifera ‘Tristis’ grown in pots in a greenhouse under two nitrogen levels. In both clones the rate of leaf initiation was promoted only in high-N plants subjected to minimum water stress. Water stress alone did not retard the rate of leaf initiation, but it significantly reduced leaf expansion of 'Eugenei', whereas only flooding led to smaller leaves in 'Tristis'. The addition of N stimulated leaf expansion, leaf chlorophyll and N concentrations, and leaf and stem biomass production across soil moisture levels, but the greatest effect of N was associated with minimum water stress. High N altered carbon allocation towards the aboveground portions, leading to lower root to shoot ratios. High N also appeared to stimulate initiation of fine roots. Soil moisture determined the amount of biomass that accumulated in roots, with highest root production in well-watered pots and lowest in flooded pots, with the droughted treatment in between. Leaves became thinner as soil moisture decreased from flooding. Stem biomass of 'Tristis' declined more under flooding than under drought, whereas 'Eugenei' displayed a greater reduction of stem biomass in droughty than in flooded soil. Key words: water stress, nitrogen, leaf and root morphology, root to shoot ratio, biomass, Populus, flooding.

Effect of Growth Stage and Water Stress on Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) Control and on Glyphosate Absorption and Translocation

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Ahmadi ◽  
L. C. Haderlie ◽  
G. A. Wicks
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Stress Studies ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Additional Reduction

Under greenhouse conditions, postemergence herbicide effectiveness was greater when barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv.] plants were 5-or 10-cm tall as compared to 15-or 20-cm tall. Absorption of14C-glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] decreased from 58% of applied to 47% as plant height increased from 5 to 15 cm, and an additional reduction (to 32% of applied at 5 cm) occurred when terbutryn [2-(tert-butylamino)-4-(ethylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine] was added to glyphosate. Translocation of14C-glyphosate was reduced in older plants or when terbutryn was added to glyphosate. Water stress studies included soil moisture levels of 10, 20, 30, and 40% moisture (PW). Herbicide treatments were less effective at soil moisture levels below field capacity (30 PW). When soil moisture was 10 PW (-37 bar) absorption of14C-glyphosate was greatly reduced in plants treated at both 7.5-and 15-cm heights with or without terbutryn. At 10 PW only 15 to 20% of applied14C was absorbed whereas at 40 PW, absorption was over 45% and 62% with and without terbutryn, respectively. The addition of terbutryn to glyphosate resulted in decreased translocation for all soil moisture levels except the 20 PW treatment at the 15-cm height. Translocation of14C was greatly reduced for plants in soils at 10 PW for both herbicide treatments.

Soil moisture condition and soil nitrogen dynamics in a pure Alnus japonica forest in Korea

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Won Seo ◽  
Su Jin Heo ◽  
Yowhan Son ◽  
Nam Jin Noh ◽  
Sue Kyoung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Dynamics ◽  
Alnus Japonica ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Soil Moisture Condition ◽  
Soil Nitrogen Dynamics

Identification of agronomic traits to enhance biomass and grain yield of chickpea under rainfed short-duration environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Hegde ◽  
J. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Soil Moisture Condition ◽  
Positive Direct

Low biomass yield is considered to be a major limiting factor of chickpea productivity in semi-arid short duration environments of Peninsular India. Correlation and path coefficient analyses performed on grain yield and 14 other agronomic traits of 25 diverse chickpea genotypes to assess direct and indirect contribution of each trait to grain yield and formulate an effective selection criteria to improve biomass and grain yield of chickpea under residual soil moisture condition. Results have shown that biomass had the largest positive direct effect on grain yield and selection of tall types with more number of secondary branches/plant and seeds/plant and seeds of large size would be highly rewarding in simultaneously increasing biomass and grain yield of chickpea. JG 11, BGD 103, BGD 121 and BGD 72 are some of the high biomass and grain yield producing genotypes adapted to rainfed conditions of short duration environments.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Sweetcorn with Different Levels of Irrigation and Nitrogen through Drip during Post Monsoon Season at Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India

2020 ◽  
pp. 362-372
Author(s):  
Y. Siva Lakshmi ◽  
D. Sreelatha ◽  
T. Pradeep
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Surface Irrigation ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Fodder Yield ◽  
Different Levels

The present study on Performance evaluation of Sweetcorn with different levels of Irrigation and nitrogen through drip during post monsoon season at Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India was conducted for two years at Maize Research Centre, Agricultural Research Institute (ARI), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad to assess the influence of different levels of irrigation and nitrogen on performance of sweetcorn hybrid. Randomized block design with factorial concept was used in the study and the experiment was replicated thrice. The treatments used were two factors. Factor I was five irrigation levels viz., I1: Drip irrigation at 60% E pan, I2: Drip irrigation at 80% E pan, I3: Drip irrigation at 100% E pan, I4:Drip irrigation at 120% E pan andI5: Surface irrigation at IW/CPE- 1.0 and Factor II was four nitrogen levels in kg ha-1 viz., N1: 120, N2: 160 N3: 200 N4: 240. Pooled mean of two years revealed that, drip irrigation with 120% E pan which was on par with 100% E pan showed significantly better crop performance in terms of growth characteristics like plant height, Leaf Area Index and dry matter production and both were superior to drip irrigation of 80 and 60% E pan as well as surface irrigation method. Among the yield attributes, cob girth and 100 seed weight were not influenced either with irrigation or nitrogen and their interaction. Cob length, number of seeds row-1, green cob and fodder yield were higher with drip irrigation of 120% E pan but were on par with 100% E pan. Among the different nitrogen levels, nitrogen at the rate of 240 kg ha-1recorded significantly higher growth parameters, yield attributes, green cob and fodder yield but it was on par with 200 kg ha-1 and both were superior over 160 and 120 kg N ha-1. Drip irrigation of 100% E pan and a nitrogen level of 200 kg ha-1 resulted in higher gross and net returns and benefit cost ratio compared to other irrigation and nitrogen treatments. From the study, drip irrigation of 100% E pan with 200 kg N ha-1is recommended for getting higher yields and net income in sweetcorn hybrid grown in Southern Agro climatic zone of Telangana, India.

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