scholarly journals In vitro Antioxidant Capabilities and Vitamin Levels in Beef, Chicken and Fish Homogenates

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Wopara, Iheanyichukwu ◽  
K. Mobisson Samuel ◽  
A. Dike, Josephine ◽  
F. M. Awah ◽  
Ike, Amanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Food Research ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vitamin Level ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Dose Dependent

In this modern era of functional food research, there are possibilities that we could eat not only to derive nutritional values but also to get well. In this study, the antioxidant and vitamin level in fish, beef and chicken homogenates were determined using various assays. The results showed that vitamin E levels in fish homogenate (34.47 ± 1.04 µg/dL) were significantly high (p<0.05) compared with chicken homogenate (29.55 ± 4.84 µg\dL), and beef homogenate (19.16 ± 0.96 µg/dL). Also the vitamin C levels in the beef homogenates (51.12 ± 3.74) was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to the chicken homogenates (28.60 ± 2.42 mg/dL) and fish homogenates (26.39 ± 1.63). However, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the vitamin C levels between the fish and chicken homogenates. The fish and chicken homogenate showed significant dose-dependent DPPH radical inhibiting capacities, inhibiting  17.55 ± 3.71% and 16.61 ± 2.22%  of DPPH at a concentration of 15 mg/mL compared to the meat homogenate which inhibited 11.68 ± 1.78% at the same concentration. The IC50 of superoxide anion radical inhibition was found to be significantly lower (p<0.05) for the chicken and meat homogenate compared to the fish homogenate. From this experiment it can be postulated that fish and beef have a higher antioxidant levels compared to chicken and could be better source of functional foods.

Immunomodulatory activities of whey fractions in efferent prefemoral lymph of sheep

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun W. Wong ◽  
Geoffrey O. Regester ◽  
Geoffrey L. Francis ◽  
Dennis L. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Milk Whey ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lymphocyte Phenotypes ◽  
Dose Dependent

SummaryStudies on the immunomodulatory activities of ruminant milk and colostral whey fractions were undertaken. By comparing with boiled colostral whey in a preliminary experiment, a putative heat-labile immunostimulatory factor for antibody responses was found to be present in ovine colostral whey. Studies were then undertaken in sheep in which the efferent prefemoral lymphatic ducts were cannulated bilaterally, and immune responses in the node were measured following subcutaneous injection in the flank fold of whey protein preparations of various purities. A significant sustained decline of efferent lymphocyte output was observed following injection with autologous crude milk whey or colostral whey preparations, but no changes were observed in interferon-gamma levels in lymph plasma. Two bovine milk whey fractions (lactoperoxidase and lactoferrin) of high purity were compared in bilaterally cannulated sheep. A transient decline over the first 6 h was seen in the efferent lymphocyte output and lymph flow rate after injection of both fractions. A significant difference was seen between the two fractions in interferongamma levels in lymph at 6 h after injection. However, no significant changes in the proportion of the various efferent lymphocyte phenotypes were seen following either treatment. Whereas both fractions showed a significant inhibitory effect in a dose-dependent manner on the proliferative response of T lymphocytes, but not B lymphocytes, to mitogenic stimulation in vitro, no similar changes were seen following in vivo stimulation with these two fractions.

The guinea pig tracheobronchial spiral strip: responses to selected agonists

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 823-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Hanna ◽  
S. H. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Relative Order ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dose Dependent

The guinea pig tracheal spiral strip is a useful preparation for studying bronchoconstrictor and bronchodilator compounds. Employing a simple and rapid modification of this technique, experiments were performed in vitro to quantitate the effects of selected bronchospastic agents on guinea pig tracheobronchial smooth muscle. Three sections of the main airways were prepared from each animal: an upper tracheal, a lower tracheal, and a bronchial segment. The dose-dependent contractile responses of the three tissue segments were determined for carbachol, acetylcholine, histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and bradykinin, Differences were observed amongst the agonists in magnitudes of contraction, effective concentration ranges, and slopes of dose–response curves. ED25, ED50, and ED75, values were calculated from regression analysis of dose–response data. The relative order for these agents to produce maximum contractions was found to be carbachol [Formula: see text] acetylcholine > histamine > 5-hydroxytryptamine > bradykinin. Furthermore, it was found that there was no significant difference between the three tissue segments in their responses to the various agonists.

scholarly journals Polysaccharides with Antioxidative and Antiaging Activities from Enzymatic-Extractable Mycelium by Agrocybe aegerita (Brig.) Sing

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijuan Jing ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Jianjun Zhang ◽  
Chen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Foods ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Organ Protection ◽  
Agrocybe Aegerita ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Water Extractable

This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant, antiaging, and organ protective effects of the water-extractable mycelium polysaccharides (MPS) and enzymic-extractable mycelium polysaccharides (En-MPS) by Agrocybe aegerita (Brig.) Sing in D-galactose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice. In in vitro assays, the En-MPS demonstrated stronger antioxidant activities in dose-dependent manners. The mice experiments revealed that both En-MPS and MPS had potential effects on antioxidation, antiaging, and organ protection mainly by improving the antioxidant enzyme activities, decreasing the lipid peroxidation, and remitting the lipid metabolism. Furthermore, chemical composition and monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides were also measured, and the results indicated that differences in biological activity of MPS and En-MPS samples showed a significant correlation to their purity. The findings demonstrated that the polysaccharides by A. aegerita (Brig.) Sing could be exploited as natural and functional foods for the prevention and alleviation of aging and its complications.

In vitro anti-diabetic activity of Tribulus terrestrisL. fruits extracts

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-640
Author(s):  
Kholowd AlKhaldi ◽  
Manal Daghestani ◽  
Thanaa Al-Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Tribulus Terrestris ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Dose Dependent

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the inhibition activity of Tribulus terrestris L. (T. terrestris) fruits extracts with solvents of increasing polarity against α-glucosidase and α-amylase, and to determine the inhibition mode of the most effective extract against both enzymes. Design/methodology/approach Hexane, acetone, ethanol and aqueous extracts of T. terrestris fruits were prepared using ultrasonic sequential extraction and analyzed for their α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities by specific assay for each enzyme. The modes of inhibitions were detected using Lineweaver–Burk plots. Findings T. terrestris fruits extracts showed inhibition activity against α-glucosidase and α-amylase which was in the dose-dependent manner. Hexane extract had the highest α-glucosidase inhibition activity (IC50 = 27.28 μg/ml, p = 0.003), followed by acetone and ethanol extracts (IC50 = 60.58 μg/ml and IC50 = 84.21 μg/ml, respectively). The inhibition mode of hexane extract was noncompetitive. While acetone extract showed the highest inhibition activity against α-amylase (IC50 = 6.18 mg/ml, p = 0.002), hexane and ethanol extracts showed no significant difference (IC50 = 13.04 mg/ml and IC50 = 14.20 mg/ml, respectively, p = 0.09). The inhibition mode of acetone extract was competitive. Originality/value T. terrestris fruits extracts had strong inhibition activity against α-glucosidase and α-amylase, and they can be used as a promising anti-diabetic agent.

scholarly journals Agronomic indices and nutritional values of plant parts of three varieties of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) fodder at late stages of growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-268
Author(s):  
A. A. Lamidi ◽  
Q. G. Konyeha
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Late Stages

The study was conducted to assess the agronomic indices and nutritional values of plant parts fractions of three varieties of sorghum fodder in late stages of growth in humid tropics. The experiment was 2 x 3 factorial scheme fitted into a completely randomize design, comprising of two (2) plant fractions (stem and leaf) and three (3) varieties of sorghum (Samsorg-17, 44 and 45). Agronomic parameters (plant height, leaf length, leaf width, stem circumference, fresh leaf number and dried leaf number) were monitored from 10 – 16 weeks after planting (WAP), 16 WAP leaf and stem were sampled for proximate composition, fibre fractions, mineral profile, anti-nutritional factors and in-vitro digestibility. Results obtained showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in all the agronomic indices across the weeks of growth. Plant height was higher (P<0.05) for Sarmsorg-45 (131.25 cm) and lower (P<0.05) for Samsorg-17 (107.25 cm). There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in dry matter, crude protein (CP), ether extract, ash, neutral detergent fibre and non-fibre carbohydrate among the varieties. Leaf fraction had higher (P<0.05) contents of CP (17.53%). Stem had higher (P<0.05) values of all fibre fractions except acid detergent fibre. There was a significant (P<0.05) influence of varieties on the Ca, P, Fe, Cu and Mn. Leaf fraction had higher (P<0.05) contents of P (1.06%), K (0.37%), Na (1.75%), Cu (13.01 mg/kg) and Zn (17.53 mg/kg). Plant fractions were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the anti-nutritional factors. Leaf fraction had higher (P<0.05) contents of phytate (0.79%), oxalate (0.60%), tannins (0.60%), trypsin inhibitor (15.98 mg/g) and dhurrin (6.97 ìg/g). Post in-vitro characteristics were not significantly (P>0.05) influenced by varieties. Leaf fractions had higher (P<0.05) in-vitro organic matter digestibility (47.39%) IOMD compared to stem (39.65%). Conclusively, all the varieties of sorghum exhibited a good agronomic indices and nutritional value that characterized sorghum as a fodder in humid tropic. Farmers should be encouraged to use leaf fractions of sorghum than stem. Samsorg-17 is recommended because of height.

Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Analgesic Activities of Citrus reticulata Blanco Leaves Extracts: An In Vivo and In Vitro Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (S1) ◽  
pp. S130-S142
Author(s):  
M. Nasri ◽  
F. Bedjou ◽  
D. Porras ◽  
S. Martínez-Flórez
Keyword(s):  
Second Phase ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Huh7 Cells ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Response Expression ◽  
Dose Dependent

Citrus species are cultivated and consumed widely. Citrus have been investigated for their pharmacological activity and human health. Their beneficial effects include antibacterial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antitumoral effects. This studywas designed to evaluate the analgesic effect and the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Citrus reticulata Blanco leaves extracts (ECR) in cell and animal models. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive activities were evaluated in mice using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical inhibition, xylene-induced ear edema, formalin assay and acetic acid-writhing response. Expression of antiinflammatory genes was measured in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated Huh7 cells. ECR showed a significant DPPH radical scavenging activity. No behavioral changes or deaths were observed in mice at doses less than 2,000 mg/kg body weight. Different concentrations of methanolic and aqueous extracts (100–500 mg/kg body wt.) reduced the duration of linking behavior in the second phase of the formalin chemical nociception assay and decreased the number of acetic acidinduced writhing responses in mice, indicating significant analgesic activity. ECR also diminished xylene-induced ear swelling in mice, suggesting an In Vivo anti-inflammatory action. No toxicity of ECR in the range of 0.1–10 μg/ml was observed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide. Cell treatment with LPS-induced oxidative/ nitrosative stress as assessed by flow cytometry as the fluorescence of 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein. This effect was significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by ECR. Administration of ECR caused a dose-dependent inhibition of cytochrome P450 2E1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin-6 expression in LPS-treated cells. The present study demonstrates that extracts of Citrus reticulata leaves are safe, having antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects both In Vivo and In Vitro.

Interleukin-1β Is Essential for Blood-Induced Cartilage Damage In Vitro

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 240-240
Author(s):  
Lize F.D. van Vulpen ◽  
Goris Roosendaal ◽  
Simon C. Mastbergen ◽  
Floris P.J.G. Lafeber ◽  
Roger E.G. Schutgens
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Cartilage Explants ◽  
Proteoglycan Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Cartilage Proteoglycan ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Objective: Joint damage due to recurrent joint bleeds remains the most common complication in hemophilia. The combination of cartilage degeneration and synovial inflammation ultimately lead to hemophilic arthropathy. Cartilage destruction is considered to result from both cartilage matrix-degrading proteases as well as cartilage-destructive pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1b. To unravel the role of IL1b in the pathogenesis of blood-induced cartilage damage, we investigated whether direct blocking of IL1b specifically prevents blood-induced cartilage damage in vitro. Moreover, we investigated whether blocking IL1b after the onset of a bleed can still avert cartilage damage. Methods: Full thickness healthy human articular cartilage explants, obtained post-mortem, were cultured for four days in presence or absence of 50% v/v whole blood. A recombinant human IL1b monoclonal antibody (IL1bmAb) was added at the moment of blood exposure in a concentration of 0, 1, 3, 10, 30, or 100ng/mL (n=8). Furthermore, 100ng/mL IL1bmAb was administered directly or after a delay of several hours up to two days (n=7). Cartilage matrix proteoglycan turnover was determined 12 days later to analyse long-term effects. To investigate the direct effects of IL1bmAb on cartilage, explants were cultured for four days in the presence of 10ng/mL IL1bmAb in the absence of blood (n=7). Results: Exposure to blood decreased the proteoglycan synthesis rate and -content, and increased the proteoglycan release (all p<0.05). Adding IL1bmAb resulted in a dose-dependent increase of the proteoglycan synthesis rate leading to normalisation at higher concentrations (see figure A). Proteoglycan release and –content also normalised after addition of IL1bmAb. Its protective effect was most pronounced when IL1bmAb was administered within 4 hours after the bleed, but significant recovery was still achieved by administration within 8-24 hours (see figure B for proteoglycan synthesis). In the absence of blood, IL1bmAb did not have direct effects on cartilage proteoglycan turnover (for all three parameters p>0.50). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that IL1b is a crucial factor in the development of blood-induced cartilage damage in vitro. Blocking this pro-inflammatory cytokine with a monoclonal antibody protects cartilage from the damaging effects of blood exposure in a dose-dependent way. Early administration after blood-exposure is most beneficial. Further research is warranted to investigate the in vivo capacity of IL1bmAb in prevention and its position as a treatment to limit joint damage upon joint bleeding. Figure - Effect of IL1bmAb on cartilage proteoglycan synthesis rate is dose-dependent (A) and time-dependent (B). Median values ± IQR of at least 7 individual cartilage and blood donors are shown. Hash tags indicate a statistically significant difference from control values, whereas asterisks indicate a statistically significant difference from blood-exposed cartilage without IL1bmAb addition (p<0.05). Figure -. Effect of IL1bmAb on cartilage proteoglycan synthesis rate is dose-dependent (A) and time-dependent (B). Median values ± IQR of at least 7 individual cartilage and blood donors are shown. Hash tags indicate a statistically significant difference from control values, whereas asterisks indicate a statistically significant difference from blood-exposed cartilage without IL1bmAb addition (p<0.05). Figure - Effect of IL1 b mAb on cartilage proteoglycan synthesis rate is dose-dependent (A) and time-dependent (B). Median values ± IQR of at least 7 individual cartilage and blood donors are shown. Hash tags indicate a statistically significant difference from control values, whereas asterisks indicate a statistically significant difference from blood-exposed cartilage without IL1 b mAb addition (p<0.05). Disclosures Schutgens: CSL Behring: Research Funding.

scholarly journals Anti-glycation, anti-hemolysis, and ORAC activities of demethylcurcumin and tetrahydroxycurcumin in vitro and reductions of oxidative stress in d-galactose-induced BALB/c mice in vivo

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuh-Hwa Liu ◽  
Tai-Lin Lee ◽  
Chuan-Hsiao Han ◽  
Yi-Shan Lee ◽  
Wen-Chi Hou
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Protein Expressions ◽  
Brain Extracts

Abstract Background There were few report concerning anti-glycation and antioxidant activities of the minor amounts of components in curcuminoids, demethylcurcumin and tetrahydroxycurcumin, in vitro and in vivo. Results The bovine serum albumin/galactose of non-enzymatic glycation models, radical-induced hemolysis, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) were studied in vitro, and the d-galactose-induced oxidative stress in BALB/c mice and then demethylcurcumin or tetrahydroxycurcumin interventions in vivo. The parameters of oxidative stress in plasma and brain extracts were determined among animal groups with or without both curcuminoids interventions. The demethylcurcumin and tetrahydroxycurcumin exhibited anti-glycation, anti-hemolysis, and ORAC activities, and showed much better and significant difference (P < 0.05) compared to those of curcumin in vitro. In animal experiments, the intervened two curcuminoids at both concentrations showed to lower serum malondialdehyde (MDA), brain MDA levels and iNOS protein expressions, and elevate serum ORAC activities, and showed difference (P < 0.05) compared to the galactose-induced control. Conclusion The demethylcurcumin and tetrahydroxycurcumin showed potentials in developing functional foods for antioxidant-related purposes.

75 DEVELOPMENT OF BOVINE SCNT EMBRYOS RECONSTRUCTED USING RECIPIENT OOCYTES AND EGFP-TRANSFECTED CELLS THAT WERE CULTURED WITH VITAMIN C OR E

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
P. Wongsrikeao ◽  
T. Otoi ◽  
B. Agung ◽  
R. Shimitzu ◽  
H. Naoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Gene Transfection ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Vitamin Supplementation ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Blastocyst Formation ◽  
Donor Cells ◽  
Significant Difference

The objective of this study was to investigate the development of bovine embryos produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) after treatment of recipient oocytes and/or gene-transfected donor cells with vitamin E and/or vitamin C. In the first experiment, oocytes derived from a local slaughterhouse were cultured in vitro for 22 h in TCM-199 medium supplemented with 100 µg mL−1 vitamin E, 100 µg mL−1 vitamin C, a combination of vitamins E (100 µg mL−1) and C (100 µg mL−1), or no addition. After culture, a total of 1139 oocytes were randomly examined for their meiotic stage and glutathione (GSH) concentration, and 1171 oocytes were enucleated and reconstructed with fetal lung cells that had been transfected with a plasmid containing the enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) and neomycin-resistant genes. As a control, the same cell line without gene transfection and recipient oocytes matured without vitamin treatment were used for SCNT. The SCNT was performed according to the established procedure in our laboratory (Murakami et al. 2005 Cloning and Stem Cells 7, 77–81). The total cells and DNA fragmented cells of SCNT blastocysts were examined on Day 7 after SCNT (Day 0). Data were subjected to arcsin transformation before analysis, and tested by a post-hoc, Fisher's protected least significant difference PLSD test using the Statview programme (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, SC, USA). Differences at a probability P < 0.05 were considered significant. The levels of GSH synthesis in the matured ocytes were higher (P < 0.05) in vitamin supplementation groups (6.8–9.0 pmol/oocyte) than in the non-supplementation group (6.7 pmol/oocyte). As shown in Table 1, the vitamin E supplementation improved the blastocyst formation, total cell number, and DNA fragmentation of EGFP-embryos compared with those parameters for EGFP-embryos obtained from recipient oocytes without vitamin treatment. However, the numbers of total cells and DNA-fragmented cells of EGFP-embryos were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those of control embryos obtained by the SCNT using somatic cells without transfection, irrespective of vitamin treatment. In the second experiment, SCNT embryos were produced using 312 recipient oocytes treated with 100 µg mL−1 vitamin E and EGFP-transfected donor cells that had been cultured in medium supplemented with various concentrations (0, 50, or 100 µg mL−1) of vitamin E. Although the supplementation of 100 µg mL−1 vitamin E decreased the proportion (30.8%) of blastocyst formation as compared with non-vitamin (42.8%) and 50 µg mL−1 vitamin E (46.0%), the proportion (2.0%) of DNA fragmented cells in the SCNT blastocysts was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that of other groups (3.2–3.6%). In conclusion, supplementation of vitamin E during oocyte maturation and donor cell culture improved the development and quality of gene-transfected SCNT bovine embryos. Table 1. Development of SCNT embryos using recipient oocytes treated with vitamin C and E

scholarly journals Vitamin C protects HL60 and U266 cells from arsenic toxicity

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 105 (10) ◽  
pp. 4004-4012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicos Karasavvas ◽  
Juan M. Cárcamo ◽  
George Stratis ◽  
David W. Golde
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Dehydroascorbic Acid ◽  
Transition Metal Ions ◽  
Glutathione Depletion ◽  
Apparent Paradox ◽  
Free Transition ◽  
Rpmi 8226 ◽  
Dose Dependent

AbstractAlthough there is no compelling evidence that vitamin C has antitumor activity in humans, clinical trials are testing the hypothesis that ascorbic acid (AA) will enhance the efficacy of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) in myeloma. In vitro, AA cytotoxicity depends on its interaction with free transition metal ions in culture media leading to the generation of H2O2 and other reactive oxygen species (ROSs). Therefore, to circumvent the extracellular in vitro pro-oxidant effects of AA, we loaded HL60, U266, and RPMI-8226 cells with vitamin C by incubation with dehydroascorbic acid (DHA). Loading cells in this manner resulted in prominent, dose-dependent protection of As2O3-treated cells as measured by viability, colony formation, and apoptosis assays. Glutathione depletion enhanced cell sensitivity to the cytotoxic effects of As2O3 and vitamin C loading provided protection. AA was found to generate cytotoxic concentrations of H2O2 in culture medium without cells and copper/iron chelators inhibited this reaction. However, AA did not generate H2O2 in simple buffer or human plasma. Direct incubation with AA resulted in increased intracellular ROSs, whereas DHA incubation decreased it. These results clarify an apparent paradox and indicate that vitamin C loading in HL60, U266, and RPMI-8226 cells ameliorates As2O3 cytotoxicity.

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