scholarly journals Role of Fluoride on Soil, Plant and Human Health: A Review on Its Sources, Toxicity and Mitigation Strategies

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-90
Author(s):  
Nitin Chatterjee ◽  
Gayatri Sahu ◽  
Animesh Ghosh Bag ◽  
Biplab Plal ◽  
G. C. Hazra
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Soil Microbial

In recent scenario, fluorosis is now going to be a severe problem throughout the globe due to toxic effects of fluoride (F) on both plants, animals and humans. Natural geological sources and increased industrialization have contributed greatly to the increasing incidence of F-induced human and animal health issues. The toxic effects of high doses of F may adversely affect human health by causing skeletal fluorosis, dental fluorosis, bone fractures, the formation of kidney stones, decreased birth rates, weakening of thyroid functionality and impair intelligence, particularly in children. High concentrations of F in soil may seriously threaten the life of plants, devastate soil microbial activity, disrupt the soil ecology and causes soil and water pollution. Hydrogen fluorides (HF) in gaseous form accumulated in the leaves of sensitive plants against a concentration gradient and HF mainly damages the plant by entering into its body in the form of gas and affects a variety of plant physiological processes. In this review we discuss about the effect of fluoride toxicity on plant, human and soil health and its mitigation strategies.

Impact of Agri-Usable Nanocompounds on Soil Microbial Activity: An Indicator of Soil Health

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1600458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Khati ◽  
Anita Sharma ◽  
Saurabh Gangola ◽  
Rajeew Kumar ◽  
Pankaj Bhatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial

scholarly journals Soil Microbial Activity and Diversity in Response to Soil Chemical Factors in Agricultural Soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Lily Ishak ◽  
Philip Hugh Brown
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Microbial Responses ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Microbial Groups

The role of microbial communities in maintaining soil health is mostly influenced by chemical condition of soil. Microbial communities vary in response to soil chemical factors. The contradictive results from previous findings emphasise that it is difficult to define a pattern of the influence of soil chemical factors on soil microbial diversity and activity. The aim of the study was to assess soil microbial responses to soil chemical factors in agricultural soils. Composite soil (Dermosol order) samples taken from 16 commercial crop sites in Bundaberg, Queensland, Australia, were chemically and biologically analysed. It was found that bacterial and fungal activity and diversity were significantly affected by soil EC, SOM and NO3-N content, but were not influenced by soil pH, CEC, and Ca:Mg ratio. The diversity of bacterial and fungal communities displayed a positive linear relationship with soil EC, whereas the activity and diversity of these two microbial groups and SOM displayed a significant quadratic relationship. The finding suggested that microbial community was predominantly influenced by SOM content.

scholarly journals Organic Liquid Manures and Bio-Fertilizers: A Tool for Soil and Crop Productivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Varshini ◽  
C. Jayanthi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Organic Liquid ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Soil Microbial

Organic farming is an internationally regulated, legally enforced and standardized alternative agricultural paradigm that relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions with the aim of sustaining the health of soils, ecosystems and people. Organic farming utilizes various naturally obtaining substances such as manures, bio-fertilizers. Widely recognized among them are manures and bio-fertilizers. Conventionally they are applied as a solid and carrier based, but modern approach of applying in liquid form is gaining reputation. Application in liquid form facilitates better release of nutrients, enhancement of soil microbial activity, improvement of soil aggregation, soil properties and soil health. Some of the famous liquid manures are jeevamruth, panchagavya, beejamruth, vermiwash, humic acid and sea weed extract. Based on these evidences this paper explores the effectiveness, importance and limitations of most commonly used organic liquid manures. This paper also explains about the usage of liquid bio-fertilizers and their advantages.

scholarly journals Dehydrogenase Activities of Flooded Soils: A Review (Aktivitas Dehidrogenase pada Tanah Sawah: Review)

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Marlein Mambu
Keyword(s):  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Flooded Soils ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Supply Capacity ◽  
Soil Dehydrogenase Activity

Abstract The definition of soil quality encompasses physical, chemical and biological characteristics, and it is related to fertility and soil health. Soil enzyme activities are the direct expression of the soil community to metabolic requirements and available nutrients, can be used as soil quality indicators. Among all enzymes in the soil environment, dehydrogenases are one of the most important, and are used as indicator of overall soil microbial activity. Flooded soils present a unique situation since they are predominantly under anaerobic conditions in several physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Flooding changes the chemistry, microbiological properties, and nutrient supply capacity of soil. In particular, the effect of flooding causes an increase on soil dehydrogenase activity. This review examines selected papers containing soil dehydrogenase activities in flooded soil that could be used to determined effect of flooding on soil dehydrogenase activity. Keywords: dehydrogenase activities, flooded soils, soil quality Abstrak Definisi kualitas tanah meliputi faktor fisik, kimia dan biologi, dan terkait dengan kesuburan dan kesehatan tanah. Aktivitas enzim tanah adalah ekspresi langsung dari komunitas tanah untuk melakukan proses metabolik untuk menghasilkan nutrisi, dan dapat digunakan sebagai indikator kualitas tanah. Di antara semua enzim dalam lingkungan tanah, dehydrogenase adalah salah satu yang paling penting, dan digunakan sebagai indikator aktivitas mikroba tanah secara keseluruhan. Tanah sawah dengan kondisi tergenang menyajikan situasi yang unik karena secara fisik, kimia, dan biologi berada dalam kondisi anaerob. Penggenangan menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan secara kimia, mikrobiologi, dan kapasitas pasokan hara tanah. Secara khusus, Efek penggenangan menyebabkan peningkatan aktivitas dehidrogenase tanah. Tulisan ini mengkaji beberapa penelitian mengenai aktivitas dehidrogenase pada tanah sawah, yang dapat digunakan untuk menentukan efek pengenangan terhadap aktivitas dehidrogenase tanah. Kata Kunci: aktivitas dehidrogenase, tanah sawah, kualitas tanah

scholarly journals Tannin Supplementation in Animal Feeding; Mitigation Strategies to Overcome the Toxic Effects of Tannins on Animal Health: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aamir Nawab ◽  
Shuyan Tang ◽  
Wen Gao ◽  
Guanghui Li ◽  
Mei Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Supplementary Feed

Optimum animal production depends on the type of feedstuffs available for the whole year. Plants such as trees and shrubs have significance in the animal production due to high nutritious values of tannins which reduce the rumen protein degradability and improve the feed digestibility as well as amino acid absorption in the small intestine. But, some of these plant materials are usually rich in anti-nutritional factors, known as tannins. Tannins are a complex group of plant secondary compounds widely distributed in the plant kingdom. Tannins have both deleterious and advantageous effects depending on the types, doses, composition and concentration of tannins. Rural farmers face fodder scarcity during the winter season. Therefore, tannins containing browse species may help farmers to use tannins as supplementary feed for livestock. But higher concentrations of tannins cause metabolic disorder which in results reduces the animal productivity. Therefore, it is need to investigate the effects of tannin supplementation in animal feeding; mitigation strategies to overcome the toxic effects of tannins on animal health. In this review paper, we have discussed safety and hazard associated with tannins in animal feeding.

Copper and zinc spiking of biosolids: effect of incubation period on metal fractionation and speciation and microbial activity

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paramsothy Jeyakumar ◽  
Paripurnanda Loganathan ◽  
Sivalingam Sivakumaran ◽  
Christopher W. N. Anderson ◽  
Ronald G. McLaren
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Solution Phase ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Copper Addition ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Cu And Zn

Environmental context. Global sewage sludge (biosolids) production is increasing as a result of rapidly growing human population and ensuing industrial activities. Disposal of this waste is becoming a serious environmental issue because the high levels of heavy metals in biosolids can upset soil microbial activity and nutrient balance when the waste is added to forest or agricultural lands. In the present study, a biosolid matrix was spiked with copper and zinc as a model for an environmental scenario. The findings of the present study are applicable to environmental regulations that seek to protect agriculture land, human and animal health, and soil and drinking water quality, in scenarios where biosolids are applied to soil. Abstract. Biosolids were amended separately with three levels of copper and zinc sulfate, and anaerobically incubated for 117 days. Copper in the unamended-biosolids solid phase was mainly found in the organic and residual fractions (85–95%). Copper addition decreased the percentage of Cu in these fractions and increased the percentage of Cu in the oxide and specifically adsorbed fractions. Zinc in the solid phase was mainly associated with the oxide (35–65%), specifically adsorbed (25–30%), and the exchangeable fractions (10–40%). Relatively, all Cu in the solution phase was complexed with organic matter; Zn was present mainly as Zn2+ and as an electrically neutral ion pair, ZnSO40. Metals were almost completely incorporated into the biosolids matrix by Day 55. Dehydrogenase activity was reduced by 50% (EC50, effective concentration for 50% activity reduction) at the total solution-phase Cu and Zn concentrations of 0.1 and 20 mg L–1, respectively, and solid-phase exchangeable Cu and Zn concentrations of 410 and 670 mg kg–1, respectively.

Study on the toxic effects of diphenol compounds on soil microbial activity by a combination of methods

2009 ◽  
Vol 167 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 846-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huilun Chen ◽  
Jun Yao ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Martin M.F. Choi ◽  
Emilia Bramanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Combination Of Methods
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