scholarly journals Organic Liquid Manures and Bio-Fertilizers: A Tool for Soil and Crop Productivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Varshini ◽  
C. Jayanthi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Organic Liquid ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Soil Microbial

Organic farming is an internationally regulated, legally enforced and standardized alternative agricultural paradigm that relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions with the aim of sustaining the health of soils, ecosystems and people. Organic farming utilizes various naturally obtaining substances such as manures, bio-fertilizers. Widely recognized among them are manures and bio-fertilizers. Conventionally they are applied as a solid and carrier based, but modern approach of applying in liquid form is gaining reputation. Application in liquid form facilitates better release of nutrients, enhancement of soil microbial activity, improvement of soil aggregation, soil properties and soil health. Some of the famous liquid manures are jeevamruth, panchagavya, beejamruth, vermiwash, humic acid and sea weed extract. Based on these evidences this paper explores the effectiveness, importance and limitations of most commonly used organic liquid manures. This paper also explains about the usage of liquid bio-fertilizers and their advantages.

Impact of Agri-Usable Nanocompounds on Soil Microbial Activity: An Indicator of Soil Health

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1600458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Khati ◽  
Anita Sharma ◽  
Saurabh Gangola ◽  
Rajeew Kumar ◽  
Pankaj Bhatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial

scholarly journals Soil Microbial Activity and Diversity in Response to Soil Chemical Factors in Agricultural Soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Lily Ishak ◽  
Philip Hugh Brown
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Microbial Responses ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Microbial Groups

The role of microbial communities in maintaining soil health is mostly influenced by chemical condition of soil. Microbial communities vary in response to soil chemical factors. The contradictive results from previous findings emphasise that it is difficult to define a pattern of the influence of soil chemical factors on soil microbial diversity and activity. The aim of the study was to assess soil microbial responses to soil chemical factors in agricultural soils. Composite soil (Dermosol order) samples taken from 16 commercial crop sites in Bundaberg, Queensland, Australia, were chemically and biologically analysed. It was found that bacterial and fungal activity and diversity were significantly affected by soil EC, SOM and NO3-N content, but were not influenced by soil pH, CEC, and Ca:Mg ratio. The diversity of bacterial and fungal communities displayed a positive linear relationship with soil EC, whereas the activity and diversity of these two microbial groups and SOM displayed a significant quadratic relationship. The finding suggested that microbial community was predominantly influenced by SOM content.

scholarly journals Dehydrogenase Activities of Flooded Soils: A Review (Aktivitas Dehidrogenase pada Tanah Sawah: Review)

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Marlein Mambu
Keyword(s):  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Flooded Soils ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Supply Capacity ◽  
Soil Dehydrogenase Activity

Abstract The definition of soil quality encompasses physical, chemical and biological characteristics, and it is related to fertility and soil health. Soil enzyme activities are the direct expression of the soil community to metabolic requirements and available nutrients, can be used as soil quality indicators. Among all enzymes in the soil environment, dehydrogenases are one of the most important, and are used as indicator of overall soil microbial activity. Flooded soils present a unique situation since they are predominantly under anaerobic conditions in several physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Flooding changes the chemistry, microbiological properties, and nutrient supply capacity of soil. In particular, the effect of flooding causes an increase on soil dehydrogenase activity. This review examines selected papers containing soil dehydrogenase activities in flooded soil that could be used to determined effect of flooding on soil dehydrogenase activity. Keywords: dehydrogenase activities, flooded soils, soil quality Abstrak Definisi kualitas tanah meliputi faktor fisik, kimia dan biologi, dan terkait dengan kesuburan dan kesehatan tanah. Aktivitas enzim tanah adalah ekspresi langsung dari komunitas tanah untuk melakukan proses metabolik untuk menghasilkan nutrisi, dan dapat digunakan sebagai indikator kualitas tanah. Di antara semua enzim dalam lingkungan tanah, dehydrogenase adalah salah satu yang paling penting, dan digunakan sebagai indikator aktivitas mikroba tanah secara keseluruhan. Tanah sawah dengan kondisi tergenang menyajikan situasi yang unik karena secara fisik, kimia, dan biologi berada dalam kondisi anaerob. Penggenangan menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan secara kimia, mikrobiologi, dan kapasitas pasokan hara tanah. Secara khusus, Efek penggenangan menyebabkan peningkatan aktivitas dehidrogenase tanah. Tulisan ini mengkaji beberapa penelitian mengenai aktivitas dehidrogenase pada tanah sawah, yang dapat digunakan untuk menentukan efek pengenangan terhadap aktivitas dehidrogenase tanah. Kata Kunci: aktivitas dehidrogenase, tanah sawah, kualitas tanah

scholarly journals Earthworm: A Natural Ecofriendly Organism for Recycling of Organic Residues and Improvement of Soil Health by Vermicompost

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Kumar Ambasta ◽  
Seema Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Ground Water Recharge ◽  
Water Recharge ◽  
Soil Microbial Population

Vermicompost of agriculture waste is an important method in which organic waste such as leaves or stalks of agricultural field is converted into useful compost by means of worms is useful to the environment. Earthworm and microbes acts together and breaks down the complex organic matter of agricultural field and resulting material is rich in nutrients and oxygen. Composting is becoming an effective way to increase organic matter of soil. In addition to increasing organic matter of soil compost also increases soil microbial population (Pera et al., 1983; Perucci, 1990), which leads to the improvement of soil quality. The entire residues after crop is harvested must go back to the soil to replenish the lost nutrient, so vermicompost is considered as excellent way to recycling nutrient in the ecosystem. Soil organic carbon enhancement through crop residues recycling by means of vermicomposting along with fertilizers and integrated nutrient management (INM) are major option to improves soil health and crop productivity. The major objective to vermicomposting is that more ground water recharge and lesser depletion of water table as well as reduces soil salinity and less pollution by agrochemicals.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v1i4.9130 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 1(4): 171-175

scholarly journals Role of Fluoride on Soil, Plant and Human Health: A Review on Its Sources, Toxicity and Mitigation Strategies

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-90
Author(s):  
Nitin Chatterjee ◽  
Gayatri Sahu ◽  
Animesh Ghosh Bag ◽  
Biplab Plal ◽  
G. C. Hazra
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Soil Microbial

In recent scenario, fluorosis is now going to be a severe problem throughout the globe due to toxic effects of fluoride (F) on both plants, animals and humans. Natural geological sources and increased industrialization have contributed greatly to the increasing incidence of F-induced human and animal health issues. The toxic effects of high doses of F may adversely affect human health by causing skeletal fluorosis, dental fluorosis, bone fractures, the formation of kidney stones, decreased birth rates, weakening of thyroid functionality and impair intelligence, particularly in children. High concentrations of F in soil may seriously threaten the life of plants, devastate soil microbial activity, disrupt the soil ecology and causes soil and water pollution. Hydrogen fluorides (HF) in gaseous form accumulated in the leaves of sensitive plants against a concentration gradient and HF mainly damages the plant by entering into its body in the form of gas and affects a variety of plant physiological processes. In this review we discuss about the effect of fluoride toxicity on plant, human and soil health and its mitigation strategies.

scholarly journals Correlation Studies of Soil Properties with Yield of Rice in a Calciorthents

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar Pandey ◽  
Ashutosh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Four Levels

Imbalanced use of nutrients through fertilizer have a deleterious effects on soil health, leading to unsustainable productivity. The present investigation was carried out to study the comparative effectiveness of compost and crop residue either alone or in combination of chemical fertilizer on physico chemical properties of soil, soil microbial biomass and crop yield in rice-wheat cropping system in Calciorthents at experimental farm of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar in light texture and medium fertile soil. There were sixteen treatments which were replicated thrice in split plot design. Four level of NPK viz., no NPK, 50% NPK, 100% NPK and 150% NPK were kept as main plot treatments whereas four levels of organics viz., no manure, compost @ 10 t ha-1, crop residue and compost + crop residue were treated as sub-plot treatments. The correlation between rice yield and some physico-chemical and microbial attributes of soil were evaluated. Most of soil physical, chemical and microbiological parameters were positively correlated with grain and straw yield of rice. Thus the results suggest that integrated use of balanced inorganic fertilizers in combination with organic manure sustains a soil physico-chemical and microbiological environment of soil that is better for enhancing higher crop productivity.

Comparison of crop productivity and soil microbial activity among different fertilization patterns in red upland and paddy soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Kai-lou ◽  
Li Ya-zhen ◽  
Zhou Li-jun ◽  
Chen Yan ◽  
Huang Qing-hai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Soil Microbial

The use of hydromulches in organic farming: Effect on different soil parameters in Central Spain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta M. Moreno ◽  
Jaime Villena ◽  
Sara González-Mora ◽  
Concepción Atance ◽  
Manuel Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Soil Microbial

<p>In recent years, the problem arising from the weed control in perennial crops is increasing, both in young woody crops during the first years of cultivation and in established plantations. The control of weeds through herbicides, the most widespread practice, presents many inconveniences, among which we can mention the appearance of weeds resistant or tolerant to them, crop phytotoxicities, especially in young plantations, or the significant reduction in the active materials allowed. Another aspect to take into account is the search for techniques that allow saving crop water consumption by reducing soil evaporation</p><p>Therefore, in this work we evaluate the effect of three mixtures based on by-products derived from the agricultural sector, mixed with a binder and recycled paper paste and applied in liquid form on the ground with subsequent solidification (hydromulch), on different soil parameters (soil water content, temperatura and flow of CO<sub>2</sub>) in a young olive plantation in containers of 700 liters capacity. Additionally, two control treatments were included (manual weeding and a no-weeding treatments).</p><p>In summary, and as preliminary results, hydromulches increased the soil water content, reduced slightly the soil temperature in the summer season and increased the flow of CO<sub>2</sub>, indicative of a higher soil microbial activity, closely related with the air temperature and the soil moisture. These preliminary results position hydromulches as an interesting alternative to herbicides and the conventional plastic mulches.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: hydromulches, soil CO<sub>2</sub> flow, soil temperatura, soil water content.</p><p><strong>Acknowledgements</strong>: Project RTA2015-00047-C05-03 - INIA (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness).</p>

scholarly journals Structural and functional metagenomic analyses of a tropical agricultural soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lateef Babatunde Salam ◽  
Oluwafemi Sunday Obayori
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Soil Microcosm ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Structural And Functional Properties ◽  
Set Up

Understanding the intricate link between the soil microbiota and their metabolic functions is important for agricultural and ecological processes and could be used as a biomarker of soil health. To understand the relationship between soil microbial community structure and functions, a soil microcosm designated 2S (agricultural soil) was set up. Metagenomic DNA was extracted from the soil microcosm and sequenced using Miseq Illumina next generation sequencing and analysed for their structural and functional properties. Structural analysis of the soil microcosm by MG-RAST revealed 40 phyla, 78 classes, 157 orders, 273 families and 750 genera. <em>Actinobacteria</em> (54.0%) and <em>Proteobacteria </em>(17.5%) are the dominant phyla while <em>Conexibacter</em> (8.38%), <em>Thermoleophilum</em> (7.40%), and <em>Streptomyces</em> (4.14%) are the dominant genera. Further assignment of the metagenomics using Cluster of Orthologous Groups (COG), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), GhostKOALA, and NCBI’s CDD revealed diverse metabolic pathways utilized by the microbial community for the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and resistance to antibiotics. Taxonomic analysis of the annotated genes also revealed the preponderance of members of <em>Actinobacteria</em> and <em>Proteobacteria</em>. This study has established that members of the phyla <em>Actinobacteria</em> and <em>Proteobacteria</em> are the key drivers of the majority of important metabolic activities in the soil ecosystem and are thus an integral part of the soil microbial community.

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