scholarly journals Evaluating the Neuroprotective Effects of the Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of Vernonia amygdalina on the Hippocampus of Adult Male Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
U. S. Aguwa ◽  
D. K. Ogbuokiri ◽  
C. S. Eze ◽  
B. N. Obinwa ◽  
F. O. Ovie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Mercury Chloride ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The phytochemical yield of a plant material is related directly to the method as well as solvent of extraction. Lots of African herbs have proven over time to be highly medicinal both for the prevention, management and cure of various ailments. The aim of this research is to compare the neuroprotective potency of the aqueous and methanolic extracts of Vernonia amygdalina on the hippocampus of mercury chloride intoxicated Wistar rats. Thirty male Wistar rats weighing between 180 to 200 g were divided into 6 groups of 5 rats each. Group A was the negative control and had food and water only. Groups B was the positive control and groups C1, C2, D1 and D2 were the test groups. Rats in group B to D2 were exposed to 0.5 mg/kg/b.w of mercury chloride two times a week for 2 weeks. Groups C1 and C2 were treated with 200 mg/kg/bw of aqueous and methanolic extracts respectively while groups D1 and D2 received 400 mg/kg/bw of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Vernonia amygdalina respectively. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis shows that water extracted more flavonoids while methanol extracted more phenols from the plant. The results of antioxidant studies show that the methanolic extract conferred more protection against oxidative stress than the aqueous extract. Neurobehavioural and histological results show that aqueous extract conferred more protection on the cells and tissue structure of the hippocampus than the methanolic extract. We therefore conclude that both the aqueous and methanolic extracts of Vernonia amygdalina confer some form of neuroprotection on the hippocampus of Wistar rats but the aqueous extract gave better results.

Comparing the Neuroprotective Effects of Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of Vernonia Amygdalina on the Cerebellum of Adult Male Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-159
Author(s):  
Ugochukwu Samuel Aguwa ◽  
Somadina M Okeke ◽  
Chijioke M Okeke ◽  
Chinyere S Eze ◽  
Benedict Nzube Obinwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Mercury Chloride ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Orthodox Medicine ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The solvent of extraction determines the type and amount of phytochemicals extractible from a plant material. Reports have shown that numerous African herbs are rich is potent phytochemicals which have been used in folkloric and orthodox medicine in the prevention and treatment of ailments. This research is geared towards comparing the neuroprotective potency of the aqueous and methanolic extracts of Vernonia amygdalina on the cerebellum of mercury chloride intoxicated Wistar rats. Thirty adult male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups of 5 rats each. Group A was the negative control and had food and water only. Group B was the positive control and was exposed to mercury chloride without treatment. Groups C1 and C2 received 200mg/kg bw of aqueous and methanolic extracts respectively while groups D1 and D2 received 400mg/kg bw of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Vernonia amygdalina respectively. Result of phytochemical analysis shows that water extracted more flavonoids while methanol extracted more phenols. The results of antioxidant studies show that the methanolic extract conferred more protection against oxidative stress than the aqueous extract. Histological results show that aqueous extract conferred more protection than the methanolic extract. We therefore conclude from our report that both the aqueous and methanolic extracts of Vernonia amygdalina confer neuroprotection on the cerebellum of Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Interventions of aqueous extract of Solanum melongena fruits (garden eggs) on mercury chloride induced testicular toxicity in adult male Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunday Aderemi Adelakun ◽  
Victor Okoliko Ukwenya ◽  
Grace Temitope Akingbade ◽  
Olusegun Dare Omotoso ◽  
Julius Akomaye Aniah
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Mercury Chloride ◽  
Testicular Toxicity ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

scholarly journals In VitroScreening of Three Indian Medicinal Plants for Their Phytochemicals, Anticholinesterase, Antiglucosidase, Antioxidant, and Neuroprotective Effects

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan Penumala ◽  
Raveendra Babu Zinka ◽  
Jeelan Basha Shaik ◽  
Damu Amooru Gangaiah
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Dual Therapy ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Indian Medicinal Plants

Cooccurrence of Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease in elder people prompts scientists to develop multitarget agents that combat causes and symptoms of both diseases simultaneously. In line with this modern paradigm and as a follow-up to our previous studies, the present study is designed to investigate the crude methanolic extracts and subsequent CHCl3,n-BuOH, and H2O fractions ofAcalypha alnifolia,Pavetta indica,andOchna obtusatafor their inhibitory activities towards specific targets involved in AD and DM, namely, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, andα-glucosidase (α-Glc). The methanolic extract and its derived chloroform fractions exhibited remarkable inhibitory capacities with IC50values being found at theμg/mL level. Further studies on most active chloroform fractions presented a prominent ability to scavenge DPPH and ABTS reactive species and highest neuroprotective effect against H2O2induced cell injury. Phytochemical analysis showed a large amount of phenolics, flavonoids, and terpenoids in active fractions. In conclusion,A. alnifolia,P. indica,andO. obtusatacould be promising sources for the treatment of AD and DM since these fractions induced significant anticholinesterase, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and neuroprotection effects attributable to phenolic, flavonoid, and terpenoid contents and encourage further studies for development of multifunctional therapeutic agent for AD and DM dual therapy.

Cocos nucifera L. oil alleviates lead acetate-induced reproductive toxicity in sexually-matured male Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olugbemi T. Olaniyan ◽  
Olakunle A. Ojewale ◽  
Ayobami Dare ◽  
Olufemi Adebayo ◽  
Joseph E. Enyojo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L

Abstract Objectives Lead primarily affects male reproductive functions via hormonal imbalance and morphological damage to the testicular tissue with significant alteration in sperm profile and oxidative markers. Though, different studies have reported that Cocos nucifera L. oil has a wide range of biological effects, this study aimed at investigating the effect of Cocos nucifera L. oil on lead acetate-induced reproductive toxicity in male Wistar rats. Methods Twenty (20) sexually matured male Wistar rats (55–65 days) were randomly distributed into four groups (n=5). Group I (negative control)—distilled water orally for 56 days, Group II (positive control)—5 mg/kg bwt lead acetate intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 14 days, Group III—6.7 mL/kg bwt Cocos nucifera L. oil orally for 56 days and Group IV—lead acetate intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 14 days and Cocos nucifera L. oil for orally for 56 days. Rats were sacrificed by diethyl ether, after which the serum, testis and epididymis were collected and used for semen analysis, biochemical and histological analysis. Results The lead acetate significantly increases (p<0.05) testicular and epididymal malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, while a significant reduction (p<0.05) in sperm parameters, organ weight, testosterone and luteinizing hormone was observed when compared with the negative control. The coadministration of Cocos nucifera oil with lead acetate significantly increases (p<0.05) testosterone, luteinizing hormone, sperm parameters and organ weight, with a significant decrease (p<0.05) in MDA levels compared with positive control. Histological analysis showed that lead acetate distorts testicular cytoarchitecture and germ cell integrity while this was normalized in the cotreated group. Conclusions Cocos nucifera oil attenuates the deleterious effects of lead acetate in male Wistar rats, which could be attributed to its polyphenol content and antioxidant properties.

Potential Antiseptic of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaves extract on Healing wound in Male Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 3143-3149
Author(s):  
Endang Sri Purwanti Ningsih ◽  
Noorlaila Noorlaila ◽  
Ikhwan Rizki Muhammad ◽  
Windy Yuliana Budianto
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Rhodomyrtus Tomentosa

Background: The process of wound healing is influenced by various factors such as age, hormones, and wound care. Wound care is done to accelerate wound healing which can be done by various methods, one of them is traditional care. Traditional wound care can use medicinal plants. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa is a medicinal plant that has an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antibacterial content. Thus this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the antiseptic solution of the Rodhomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract on wound healing in male Wistar rats. Method: this research is pure experimental research with post test only control group design. Thirty male white rats were divided into five groups, namely negative control, positive control, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract 15%, 30%, and 60%. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extraction was carried out by maceration method with 70% ethano solvent. The extraction results are divided into 3 concentrations (15%, 30% and 60%). The wound healing process was evaluated by measuring the length of the wound manually from 0 to 10 days in each group. Meanwhile, the number of fibroblast cells was calculated through hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining and observed using an Olympus CX41 microscope with a 10x magnification and objective lens magnification in 3 fields. Result: There was a significant difference in the reduction in wound length (p =< 0,000) between the five experimental groups (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract solution 15%, 30% and 60%, negative control and positive control. Solution of rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract accelerated the increase in the number of fibroblasts compared to the negative control group (p = 0.003), but did not make a difference (p = 0.403) with the positive control group. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extraction solution had the same microscopic effect on the number of fibroblasts with a positive control group given 0.9% NaCl solution. Conclusion: There was a significant difference in the number of fibroblasts between all groups, but no difference in wound healing length.

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