scholarly journals The Potency of Unassociated Trichoderma spp and the Fungicides Antagonistic of the Late Blight of Potato by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) De-Bary

2021 ◽  
pp. 246-253
Author(s):  
Anuj Bansal ◽  
S. K. Biswas ◽  
Deepak Baboo ◽  
Vikram Singh
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Late Blight Of Potato

The potato (Solanum tuberosum) is one of the most important vegetable crops in the world, belonging to the family Solanaceae and is an important starchy food crop in both sub-tropical and temperate regions. Potato plants are subjected to attack by numerous diseases wherever the crop is grown. Among them, late blight of potato caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de-Bary is of major cause of concern in potato production at present. An experiment was conducted in the Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur. The antifungal activity of different fungicides was evaluated in-vitro through the food poison technique. The experimental finding showed that radial growth of mycelium of Phytophthora infestans was inhibited by fungicides over control. At 100 ppm, the minimum radial growth of mycelium was found in Equation Pro treatment as 5.3, 8.2, 11.4, 14.2, 16.2, 18.4 and 22.6 mm over control against 12.3, 19.1, 26.1, 35.9, 42.5, 51.4 and 64.8 mm at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 days after inoculation respectively. Similarly, at 500 and 1000 ppm the minimum radial growth of mycelium was found in Equation Pro treatment. Efficacy of bio-control agents on the radial growth of Phytophthora infestans was evaluated using Dual Culture Methods. Among the different concentrations, 1000 ppm was found most effective than 100 and 500 ppm. Among the different bio-agents, Trichoderma harzianum able to reduced maximum radial mycelial growth of fungus showing 4.6, 8.8, 10.1, 13.2, 15.6, 19.3 and 23.5 mm against 12.3, 19.1, 26.1, 35.9, 42.5, 51.4 and 64.8 mm at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 days after inoculation, respectively.

scholarly journals Penapisan Cendawan Trichoderma spp. untuk Pengendalian Phytophthora infestans secara in vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Susiana Purwantisari ◽  
Achmadi Priyatmojo ◽  
Retno Peni Sancayaningsih ◽  
Rina Sri Kasiamdari
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Suppressive Soil ◽  
Blight Disease

Late blight disease on potato caused by a plant pathogenic fungus (Phytophthora infestans)  is the most important disease in Indonesia.  The use of antagonist fungi Trichoderma is an environmentally friendly technology to control the potato disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of Trichoderma spp. to control P. infestans in vitro. Trichoderma spp. have been isolated from suppressive soil at central potato areas in district of Lembang, Bandung, West Java Province. To determine the inhibition ability of Trichoderma spp against P. infestans, a dual culture method was performed.  Variable observed was inhibition zone of Trichoderma spp. against P. infestans. The results showed that 9 isolates of Trichoderma were successfuly isolated from suppressive soil, i.e. T. viride (2 isolates), T. atroviride (1 isolate), T. harzianum (1 isolate) and T. aureoviride (5 isolates). All the Trichoderma isolates revealed growth inhibition abality against P. infestans and. The highest growth inhibition (68.6%) was observed by T. viride isolate ( Ti 9).

scholarly journals Genotyping of Phytophthora infestans in Eastern Africa Reveals a Dominating Invasive European Lineage

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 670-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne W. Njoroge ◽  
Björn Andersson ◽  
Alison K. Lees ◽  
Collins Mutai ◽  
Gregory A. Forbes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Population Changes ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
The Us ◽  
Specialized Form ◽  
Late Blight Of Potato

Strains of Phytophthora infestans, the pathogen causing late blight of potato and tomato, are thought to be moved around the world through infected planting material. Since its first appearance in 1941, late blight has caused important losses to potato production in the eastern-Africa region (EAR). In the current study, the genetic structure of the population in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, and Rwanda was characterized using 12-plex microsatellite markers with the aim of testing the hypothesis that a strain originating from Europe, 2_A1, has recently dominated the population in EAR. Analyses of 1,093 potato and 165 tomato samples collected between 2013 and 2016 revealed the dominance on potato in all countries of the 2_A1 clonal lineage. On tomato, a host-specialized form of the US-1 lineage appears to persist in Rwanda, Uganda, and Tanzania whereas, in Kenya, most samples from tomato (72.5%) were 2_A1. The US-1 lineage in Tanzania had two private alleles at the Pi02 marker, suggesting a possible independent introduction into the region. US-1 had higher genetic variability than 2_A1, consistent with the earlier establishment of the former. Continuous tracking of P. infestans population changes should help identify new virulent and aggressive strains, which would inform strategic disease management options.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM IN CONTROLLING LATE BLIGHT OF POTATO

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Husniara Khatun ◽  
Nusrat Sabiha Joya ◽  
AKM Amdadul Hoque ◽  
Mohammad Shahjahan Monjil
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Tuber Infection ◽  
Late Blight Of Potato

Evaluation of Trichoderma harzianum in reducing mycelial growth of Phytophthora infestans as well as in controlling late blight of potato was done in Microbiology and Biocontrol laboratory and Net-house, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during 2019-2020, Bangladesh. The experiment was conducted using popular potato variety Diamant and native variety Challisha. T. harzianum was evaluated in net-house and in-vitro condition. Fungicide Indofil M-45 (Mancozeb) was used as positive check for comparison. In Net-house experiment, T. harzianum increased plant height, number of tubers and fresh weight of tubers over control treatment for the both of the varieties of potato. T. harzianum on late blight of potato (var. Diamant) showed a significantly better management over control treatment. In comparison to non-treated control treatment, reduced infection of late blight was found in the T.harzianum treated plants, whereas increase disease severity was calculated in control treatment. After harvesting, tuber infection in T. harzianum treated plants was not observed. Percent inhibition of tuber infection over control was 100%. Indofil M-45 suppressed Disease severity but comparatively less effective than T. harzianum in the long run. In case of variety Challisha similar trend of results were observed. In dual culture assay, T. harzianum showed highest inhibitory effect in suppressing mycelial growth of P. infestans. T. harzianum showed 86.67% inhibition of mycelial growth of P. infestans over control. Thus, it can be concluded that T. harzianum is effective to control late blight of potato and sometimes comparable to chemical fungicide in net-house condition.

An Attempt at Biological Control of Blossom Blight of Rose Caused by Botrytis cinerea Using some Local Trichoderma spp. Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
G. Zadehdabagh ◽  
K. Karimi ◽  
M. Rezabaigi ◽  
F. Ajamgard
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Cut Rose

The northern of Khuzestan province in Iran is mainly considered as one of the major areas of miniature rose production. Blossom blight caused by Botrytis cinerea has recently become a serious limiting factor in rose production in pre and post-harvest. In current study, an attempt was made to evaluate the inhibitory potential of some local Trichoderma spp. strains against B. cinerea under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The in vitro results showed that all Trichoderma spp. strains were significantly able to reduce the mycelial growth of the pathogen in dual culture, volatile and non-volatile compounds tests compared with control, with superiority of T. atroviride Tsafi than others. Under in vivo condition, the selected strain of T. atroviride Tsafi had much better performance than T. harzianum IRAN 523C in reduction of disease severity compared with the untreated control. Overall, the findings of this study showed that the application of Trichoderma-based biocontrol agents such as T. atroviride Tsafi can be effective to protect cut rose flowers against blossom blight.

scholarly journals Suppression of Stem-End Rot on Avocado Fruit Using Trichoderma spp. in the Central Highlands of Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
E. K. Wanjiku ◽  
J. W. Waceke ◽  
J. N. Mbaka
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Lasiodiplodia Theobromae

Demand for organic avocado fruits, together with stringent food safety standards in the global market, has made producers to use alternative, safe, and consumer-friendly strategies of controlling the postharvest fungal disease of avocado fruits. This study assessed the in vitro efficacy of Trichoderma spp. (T. atroviride, T. virens, T. asperellum, and T. harzianum) against isolated avocado stem-end rot (SER) fungal pathogens (Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Neofusicoccum parvum, Nectria pseudotrichia, and Fusarium solani) using a dual culture technique. The Trichoderma spp. were also evaluated singly on postharvest “Hass” avocado fruits. Spore suspension at 5 × 104 conidial/ml of the Trichoderma spp. was applied on the avocado fruits at three time points, twenty-four hours before the fungal pathogen (preinoculation), at the same time as the fungal pathogen (concurrent inoculation), and 24 hours after the fungal pathogen (postinoculation). In the in vitro study, T. atroviride showed the highest mycelial growth inhibition against N. parvum (48%), N. pseudotrichia (55%), and F. solani (32.95%), while T. harzianum had the highest mycelial growth inhibition against L. theobromae. Trichoderma asperellum was the least effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of all the pathogens. Similarly, T. virens showed the highest mycelial growth inhibition against N. pseudotrichia at 45% inhibition. On postharvest “Hass” fruits, T. atroviride showed the highest efficacy against N. parvum, N. pseudotrichia, and F. solani in all the applications. Trichoderma virens and T. harzianum were most effective against all the pathogens during postinoculation, while Lasiodiplodia theobromae was best controlled by T. virens, T. harzianum, and T. asperellum during postinoculation. Both T. atroviride and T. harzianum present a potential alternative to synthetic fungicides against postharvest diseases of avocado fruits, and further tests under field conditions to be done to validate their efficacy. The possibility of using Trichoderma spp. in the management of SER on avocado fruits at a commercial level should also be explored.

scholarly journals Respuesta de biosurfactantes producidos por Pseudomonas fluorescens para el control de la gota de la papa Phytophthora infestans (Mont) de Bary, bajo condiciones controlada.

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Hugo F. Rivera ◽  
Erika P. Martínez ◽  
Jairo A. Osorio ◽  
Edgar Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Potato Late Blight ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
In Vitro Assays

<p>Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, agente causal de la gota de la papa, es considerado la principal limitante de la producción de este cultivo en Colombia. El control habitual del patógeno se realiza con fungicidas de tipo sistémico, que incrementan los costos de producción, pueden inducir la resistencia del patógeno y tiene un impacto negativo en el ambiente. Por tanto, se llevó a cabo este estudio con el propósito de buscar alternativas amigables con el ambiente, que hagan parte de un paquete tecnológico eficaz de control. Dos cepas nativas de Psedomonas fluorescens (039T y 021V), provenientes de cultivos de papa, fueron evaluadas contra P. infestans. Las suspensiones bacterianas y los biosurfactantes parcialmente purificados (BPP), producidos por éstas (obtenidos en medio mínimo de sales con querosén), fueron aplicados sobre foliolos desprendidos en ensayos in vitro y experimentos in vivo en plantas de papa, en condiciones controladas en casa de malla. Los resultados demostraron la capacidad que tienen los biosurfactantes y las suspensiones bacterianas para controlar al patógeno, ya que el BPP 039T logró reducir el nivel de severidad de la enfermedad en 79,9% in vitro y 38,5% in vivo, mientras que el BPP 021V redujo en 78,7% in vitro y 30,2% in vivo. Las suspensiones bacterianas redujeron el nivel de severidad en 72,4% (039T) y 66,1% (021V) en las evaluaciones in vitro y 35% en los experimentos in vivo. Los resultados de esta investigación muestran el potencial que tienen los biosurfactantes para el control de la gota en Colombia.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Evaluation of Biosurfactants Produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens for Potato Late Blight Control (Phytophthora infestans (Mont) de Bary) Under Controlled Conditions</strong></p><p>Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, causal agent of potato late blight is considered the main limiting pathogen for the production of this crop in Colombia. The usual control of the disease has been performed with systemic fungicides which increase production costs, can induce pathogen resistance and have a negative impact on the environment. Therefore, this study was carried out in order to find effective and environmentally friendly control alternatives for potato late blight. Two Pseudomonas fluorescens native strains (039T and 021V) isolated from potato crops were evaluated against P. infestans. Bacterial suspensions (obtained from minimal salts medium added with kerosene) and partially purified biosurfactants (BPP) were applied on detached leaflets for in vitro assays and on potato plants in greenhouse, for in vivo assays and the measure of inhibitory effect of the disease was assessed. The results showed the ability of P. fluorescens biosurfactants and bacterial suspensions to control the pathogen. BPP 039T was able to reduce the level of severity disease by 79.9% in vitro and 38.5% in vivo, whereas BPP 021V decreased 78.7% in vitro and 30.2% in vivo. Bacterial suspensions reduced the severity level in 72.4% (039T) and 66.1% (021V) in vitro assessments and 35% in the in vivo experiment. These results show the potential of P. fluorescens biosurfactants to control the potato late blight in Colombia.</p>

scholarly journals EKSPLORASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI CENDAWAN ANTAGONIS TERHADAP JAMUR AKAR PUTIH (Rigidoporus lignosus) PADA TANAMAN PALA (Myristica fragrans Houtt)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana Ariska ◽  
Lola Adres Yanti ◽  
Chairudin Chairudin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Myristica Fragrans ◽  
Rigidoporus Lignosus ◽  
Myristica Fragrans Houtt

Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) is a multipurpose plantation commodity crop that almost all parts of the plant have strategic economic value to be cultivated. In Indonesia there are the largest nutmeg commodity centers, including the Maluku islands, North Sulawesi and Aceh. The biggest problem with nutmeg plants is the attack of pests and diseases. One of the most severe diseases in nutmeg is white root mushroom (Rigidoporus lignosus). This study aims to 1) determine the fungus of white root fungus antagonists (Rigodoporus lignosus) from the Aceh nutmeg rhizosphere (Myristica fragrans Houtt), 2) identify the content of antibiotic fungus JAP antagonist compounds in Aceh nutmeg plants. The study was conducted by taking soil samples from nutmeg plants at three nutmeg plantations in South Aceh. The antagonist fungus isolation activity uses a dilution method. Isolation of JAP from infected roots using direct planting method. Furthermore, it is identified macroscopically and microscopically. The antagonist test was carried out using the dual culture method with RAL. From the rhizosphere in the nutmeg area, 5 candidate antagonist isolates were obtained, having high in vitro antagonism ability to the pathogen R. lignosus. Identification results showed that isolates 1, 2 and 3 were Trichoderma spp, and isolates 4 and 5 were Gliocladium virens. Keywords: In vitro, the content of antibiotic compounds, Aceh nutmeg, Rigidoporus lignosus, antagonistic test

scholarly journals Biocontrol Activity of Three Pseudomonas in a Newly Assembled Collection of Phytophthora infestans Isolates

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (9) ◽  
pp. 1555-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mout De Vrieze ◽  
Ramona Gloor ◽  
Josep Massana Codina ◽  
Stefano Torriani ◽  
Katia Gindro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Leaf Disc ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Biocontrol Activity ◽  
General Demand ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Highly Virulent ◽  
Alternative Control Methods ◽  
Open Access Article

Late blight caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans constitutes the greatest threat to potato production worldwide. Considering the increasing concerns regarding the emergence of novel fungicide-resistant genotypes and the general demand for reducing inputs of synthetic and copper-based fungicides, the need for alternative control methods is acute. Several bacterial antagonists have shown anti-Phytophthora effects during in vitro and greenhouse experiments. We report the effects of three Pseudomonas strains recovered from field-grown potatoes against a collection of P. infestans isolates assembled for this study. The collection comprised 19 P. infestans isolates of mating types A1 and A2 greatly varying in fungicide resistance and virulence profiles as deduced from leaf disc experiments on Black’s differential set. The mycelial growth of all P. infestans isolates was fully inhibited when co-cultivated with the most active Pseudomonas strain (R47). Moreover, the isolates reacted differently to exposure to the less active Pseudomonas strains (S19 and R76). Leaf disc infection experiments with six selected P. infestans isolates showed that four of them, including highly virulent and fungicide-resistant ones, could be efficiently controlled by different potato-associated Pseudomonas strains. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

scholarly journals Effects of temperature on in vitro response of Trichoderma strains against strawberry pathogen Rhizoctonia solani Kühn.

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 620-622
Author(s):  
M. Porras ◽  
C. Barrau ◽  
B. Santos ◽  
F.T. Arroyo ◽  
C. Blanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
In Vitro Response ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Effect of temperature on growth and antagonistic ability of Trichoderma spp. isolated from local strawberry culture and commercial product, against Rhizoctonia solani, strawberry pathogen, was studied in vitro. Trials were carried out twice, at 10, 25 and 30°C. Inhibitor effect was evaluated by radial growth measures of established duals on PDA’s dishes, using Royse and Ries formula, to evaluate the percentage inhibition of radial growth. Design of dishes was a randomized complete block, considering 10 replicates. Data were analyzed statistically by two-way analysis of variance. The objective has been to determine the most competitive Trichoderma strain and the best temperature that produce the inhibiting effect on the pathogen growth. Local strain has the best behavior at 10 and 25°C.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document