scholarly journals A Critical Review of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) during Pregnancy & Risk of Vertical Transmission in the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Zebi Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Obstetric Care ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Pregnancy Risk ◽  
Hygienic Measures ◽  
Obstetric Management

Since December 2019, people around the world have been affected by a pandemic disease caused by a novel type of betacoronavirus. It can lead to severe contagious respiratory illness. The experts are concerned about the effects of this novel virus on both the mother and their fetuses. This review is to identify strategies for the obstetric management of women diagnosed with COVID-19 and the best neonatal care for their newborns. We conducted a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, ELSEVIER and CDC web page and included the articles published from December 2019 through July 2020. Inclusion criteria were original articles published between December 2019 and July 2020 and Meta-Analysis, Reviews and, Systematic Reviews. Regarding vertical transmission, several studies concluded that there is no evidence for intrauterine vertical transmission of COVID-19 from infected mothers to their babies. Pregnant women with COVID-19 might develop more severe respiratory complications. After delivery, women with COVID-19 can transmit the virus to their babies through respiratory droplets during breastfeeding or care, so experts recommend to adopt hygienic measures. The current information shows that COVID-19 infection apparently is not associated with greater severity of the disease in pregnant women than in the general population. However, the data is minimal, and that represents a challenge for the obstetric care providers.

scholarly journals Assessment of the possibility of vertical transmission of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sareh Dashti ◽  
Tahereh Fathi Najafi ◽  
Hamid Reza Tohidinik ◽  
Narjes Bahri
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
World Health ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Care Providers

Abstract BackgroundThe novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has put a great burden on global health and healthcare systems. One of the vulnerable groups to COVID-19 infection and complications is the pregnant women. There is controversy regarding the possibility of vertical transmission of COVID-19 from mother to infant. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the possibility of vertical transmission of COVID-19 based on currently published literature including observational studies. All published articles including case reports, case series,MethodsThis study will be conducted on all published observational studies, including cross-sectional studies, cohort, case-control, case reports, and case series, in peer reviewed journals in any language until the end of March 2020. Editorials, commentaries and letter to editors will be excluded from the review. Search will be conducted in international bibliographic databases including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science based on preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) checklist. Primary search will be performed in PubMed and Embase using the Coronavirus 2019 and vertical transmission keywords based on medical subject heading (MeSH) terms along with free text searching in combination with Boolean operations. The search strategy will be improved and finalized based on the results of the primary search. The World Health Organization (WHO) and google scholar websites will be searched as grey literature. Articles will be reviewed by two authors independently for the relevance of titles and abstracts. Data extraction of the included articles will be performed by two researchers using the Zotero and review manager (revMan) software. Heterogeneity of the articles will be assessed using DerSimonian & Laird Q test and I 2 statistic. The pooled estimated prevalence of vertical transmission of COVID-19 will be performed using the Metaprop command. Publication bias will be assessed using the Begg's rank correlation and the Egger weighted regression methods.DiscussionThe findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis will help practitioners and health care providers in decision making for the care and management of COVID-19 infected pregnant women. Systematic review registration In process

scholarly journals Varying Vaccination Rates Among Patients Seeking Care for Acute Respiratory Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadi Shehadeh ◽  
Ioannis M Zacharioudakis ◽  
Markos Kalligeros ◽  
Evangelia K Mylona ◽  
Tanka Karki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Time Trend ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Complications following influenza infection are a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and the Centers for Disease Control Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends universal annual vaccination. However, vaccination rates have remained significantly lower than the Department of Health and Human Services goal. The aim of this work was to assess the vaccination rate among patients who present to health care providers with influenza-like illness and identify groups with lower vaccination rates. Methods We performed a systematic search of the PubMed and EMBASE databases with a time frame of January 1, 2010, to March 1, 2019 and focused on the vaccination rate among patients seeking care for acute respiratory illness in the United States. A random effects meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled seasonal influenza vaccination rate, and we used a time trend analysis to identify differences in annual vaccination over time. Results The overall pooled influenza vaccination rate was 48.61% (whites: 50.87%; blacks: 36.05%; Hispanics: 41.45%). There was no significant difference among gender groups (men: 46.43%; women: 50.11%). Interestingly, the vaccination rate varied by age group and was significantly higher among adults aged >65 (78.04%) and significantly lower among children 9–17 years old (36.45%). Finally, we found a significant upward time trend in the overall influenza vaccination rate among whites (coef. = .0107; P = .027). Conclusions In conclusion, because of the significantly lower influenza vaccination rates in black and Hispanic communities, societal initiatives and community outreach programs should focus on these populations and on children and adolescents aged 9–17 years.

scholarly journals The Impact of Diagnostic Criteria for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Adverse Maternal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 666
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani ◽  
Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz ◽  
Razieh Bidhendi Yarandi ◽  
Samira Behboudi-Gandevani
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Maternal Outcomes ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Iadpsg Criteria ◽  
The Impact

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the impact of different gestational-diabetes (GDM) diagnostic-criteria on the risk of adverse-maternal-outcomes. The search process encompassed PubMed (Medline), Scopus, and Web of Science databases to retrieve original, population-based studies with the universal GDM screening approach, published in English language and with a focus on adverse-maternal-outcomes up to January 2020. According to GDM diagnostic criteria, the studies were classified into seven groups. A total of 49 population-based studies consisting of 1409018 pregnant women with GDM and 7,667,546 non-GDM counterparts were selected for data analysis and knowledge synthesis. Accordingly, the risk of adverse-maternal-outcomes including primary-cesarean, induction of labor, maternal-hemorrhage, and pregnancy-related-hypertension, overall, regardless of GDM diagnostic-criteria and in all diagnostic-criteria subgroups were significantly higher than non-GDM counterparts. However, in meta-regression, the increased risk was not influenced by the GDM diagnostic-classification and the magnitude of the risks among patients, using the IADPSG criteria-classification as the most strict-criteria, was similar to other criteria. In conclusion, a reduction in the diagnostic-threshold increased the prevalence of GDM, but the risk of adverse-maternal-outcome was not different among those women who were diagnosed through more or less intensive strategies. Our review findings can empower health-care-providers to select the most cost-effective approach for the screening of GDM among pregnant women.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Infection during Pregnancy: Risk of Vertical Transmission, Fetal, and Neonatal Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Marwa Saadaoui ◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Souhaila Al Khodor
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Pregnancy Risk ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Critical Public Health ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic is a worldwide, critical public health challenge and is considered one of the most communicable diseases that the world had faced so far. Response and symptoms associated with COVID-19 vary between the different cases recorded, but it is amply described that symptoms become more aggressive in subjects with a weaker immune system. This includes older subjects, patients with chronic diseases, patients with immunosuppression treatment, and pregnant women. Pregnant women are receiving more attention not only because of their altered physiological and immunological function but also for the potential risk of viral vertical transmission to the fetus or infant. However, very limited data about the impact of maternal infection during pregnancy, such as the possibility of vertical transmission in utero, during birth, or via breastfeeding, is available. Moreover, the impact of infection on the newborn in the short and long term remains poorly understood. Therefore, it is vital to collect and analyze data from pregnant women infected with COVID-19 to understand the viral pathophysiology during pregnancy and its effects on the offspring. In this article, we review the current knowledge about pre-and post-natal COVID-19 infection, and we discuss whether vertical transmission takes place in pregnant women infected with the virus and what are the current recommendations that pregnant women should follow in order to be protected from the virus.

scholarly journals Prevalence, incidence and bothersomeness of urinary incontinence in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi F. A. Moossdorff-Steinhauser ◽  
Bary C. M. Berghmans ◽  
Marc E. A. Spaanderman ◽  
Esther M. J. Bols
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Introduction and hypothesis Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common and embarrassing complaint for pregnant women. Reported prevalence and incidence figures show a large range, due to varying case definitions, recruited population and study methodology. Precise prevalence and incidence figures on (bothersome) UI are of relevance for health care providers, policy makers and researchers. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the prevalence and incidence of UI in pregnancy in the general population for relevant subgroups and assessed experienced bother. Methods All observational studies published between January 1998 and October 2018 reporting on prevalence and/or incidence of UI during pregnancy were included. All women, regardless of weeks of gestation and type of UI presented in all settings, were of interest. A random-effects model was used. Subgroup analyses were conducted by parity, trimester and subtype of UI. Results The mean (weighted) prevalence based on 44 included studies, containing a total of 88.305 women, was 41.0% (range of 9–75%). Stress urinary incontinence (63%) is the most prevalent type of UI; 26% of the women reported daily loss, whereas 40% reported loss on a monthly basis. Bother was experienced as mild to moderate. Conclusions UI is very prevalent and rising with the weeks of gestation in pregnancy. SUI is the most common type and in most cases it was a small amount. Bother for UI is heterogeneously assessed and experienced as mild to moderate by pregnant women.

The Importance of Hepatitis B Antigen Screening in Pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 363-368
Author(s):  
Jeanne Perino ◽  
Christine N. Adams
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Medical Record ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Hepatitis B Antigen ◽  
In Pregnancy

In the United States, pregnant women are screened for hepatitis B antigen because of the significant risk of perinatal vertical transmission of hepatitis to the fetus. It is important that the maternal hepatitis B antigen screen is documented in the medical record to ensure appropriate prophylaxis for the neonate. The purpose of this column is to discuss the pathophysiology of hepatitis B, as well as the screening process and prophylaxis for the neonate.

scholarly journals Partograph utilization as a decision making tool and associated factors among obstetric care providers in Ethiopia: A systematic review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asteray Ayenew ◽  
Biruk Ferede Zewdu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Newborn Care ◽  
Obstetric Care ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Refresher Training ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Obstetric Care Providers

Abstract Background Globally, a total of 13.6 million women have died due to maternal causes from 1990 to 2015. Majority of these deaths occurred in resource-limited countries. Among the causes of these deaths, obstructed and prolonged labor covers the highest percentage, which could be prevented by cost-effective and affordable health interventions like partograph use. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the level of partograph utilization among obstetric care providers and its associated factors in Ethiopia. Method for this review, we used the standard PRISMA checklist guideline. Different online databases were used for the review: PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, HINARI, WHO Afro Library Databases, and African Online Journals. Based on the adapted PICO principles, different search terms were applied to achieve and access all the essential articles. Microsoft Excel was used for data entrance and Stata version 11.0 (Stata Corporation, College Station, Texas, USA) for data analysis.Result Nineteen studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis with a total of 6237 obstetric care providers. The overall pooled prevalence of partograph utilization was 59.95% (95%CI: 46.8–73.09, I2 =99.4%, P <0.001). Being midwifery profession (adjusted odds ratio (AOR):3.97; 95% confidence interval (CI):95%CI:2.63–5.99, I2 =28.8%, P=0.198), presence of supervision (AOR = 3.21; 95%CI: 2.22–4.66, I2=0.0%, p=0.742), Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (BEmONC) training (AOR  = 2.90; 95% CI: 2.19–3.84, I2=36.9%, P=0.13), Knowledge of partograph (AOR=2.5; 95%CI: 1.6–3.8, I2=64.58%, P=0.024), on-the-job refresher training on partograph (AOR =5.7; 95%CI:2.5–12.9, I2=87.8%, P<0.001), favorable attitude (AOR=2.12; 95%CI: 1.48–3.04, I2=0.0%, P=0.58), and working at health center (AOR=3.50; 95%CI: 2.49–4.92, I2=49.1%, P=0.08) were the determinant factors for partograph use among obstetric acre providers in Ethiopia.Conclusion The overall pooled prevalence of partograph utilization among obstetric care providers was low. Therefore, supportive supervision, providing Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care training, on-the-job refresher training on partograph, and promoting midwifery profession are strongly recommended to increase the use of partograph.

scholarly journals Prevalence of maternal Group B Streptococcus rectovaginal colonization among pregnant women in Ethiopia: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delayehu Bekele ◽  
Dawit Getachew Assefa ◽  
Wondimu Gudu ◽  
Mekitie Wondafrash ◽  
Lemi Belay Tolu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
National Level ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background: Rectovaginal colonization with Group B streptococcus (GBS) during pregnancy is an important risk factor for serious infections including neonatal sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis. It is also associated with stillbirth and preterm birth. Since globally rates of GBS colonization, as well as rates of vertical transmission to the newborn, differ broadly, having national data is important for implementing strategies to reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality as a result of GBS infection. We propose this systematic review and meta-analysis to describe the prevalence of rectovaginal GBS colonization, rate of vertical transmission, and the antibiotic resistance pattern among third trimester pregnant women in Ethiopia.Methods: A systematic search will be done of PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, CINHAL, and Cochrane Library. In addition, google scholar will be searched, and a reference list of the already identified articles will be checked to find additional eligible articles that were missed during the initial search. Two reviewers will screen all retrieved articles and assess the methodological quality of included studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) checklist. Any disagreement between two reviewers will be resolved by a third reviewer. We will extract data using the JBI data extraction tool for the systematic review of prevalence studies. The data analysis will be conducted using Stata Statistical Software: Release 15. We will present pooled estimates of the prevalence of GBS colonization and rates of vertical transmission with a 95% confidence interval.Discussion: This will be the first synthesis of data on GBS during pregnancy at a national level. It will inform decision-makers in determining whether a universal or a risk-based screening strategy is most appropriate, as well as guiding them in adopting an intrapartum antibiotic protocol.Registration: Submitted to PROSPERO on 18/03/2021

scholarly journals Laboratory Effects of COVID-19 Infection in Pregnant Women and Their Newborns: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clark Zhang ◽  
Haitao Chu ◽  
Y. Veronica Pei ◽  
Jason Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Digital Object Identifier ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Neonatal Complications ◽  
Pregnant Mothers

Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a need for further research on its manifestation in pregnant women, since they are particularly prone to respiratory pathogens, like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), due to physiological changes during pregnancy. Its effects on infants born to mothers with COVID-19 are also not well-studied, and more evidence is needed on vertical transmission of the disease from mother to infant and on the transmission of IgG/IgM antibodies between mother and infant. We aim to systematically review and evaluate the effects of COVID-19 among SARS-CoV-2-positive pregnant women in late pregnancy and neonates with SARS-CoV-2-positive pregnant mothers using blood assays to find indicators of maternal and neonatal complications. We searched for original published articles in Google Scholar, Medline (PubMed), and Embase databases to identify articles in the English language from December 2019 to July 20, 2020. Duplicate entries were searched by their titles, authors, date of publication, and Digital Object Identifier. The selected studies were included based on patient pregnancy on admission, pregnant mothers with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 virus, maternal/neonatal complications, and blood test results. We excluded duplicate studies, articles where full text was not available, other languages than English, opinions, and perspectives. The meta-analysis using the Generalized Linear Mixed model was conducted using the “meta” and “metaprop” packages in R code. Of the 1,642 studies assessed for eligibility, 29 studies (375 mothers and neonates) were included. Preterm birth rate was 34.2%, and cesarean section rate was 82.7%. Maternal laboratory findings found elevated neutrophils (71.4%; 95% CI: 38.5–90.9), elevated CRP (67.7%; 95%: 50.6–81.1), and low hemoglobin (57.3%; 95% CI: 26.0–87.8). We found platelet count, lactate dehydrogenase, and procalcitonin to be less strongly correlated with preterm birth than between high neutrophil counts (P = 0.0007), low hemoglobin (P = 0.0188), and risk of preterm birth. There is little evidence for vertical transmission. Elevated procalcitonin levels (23.2%; 95% CI: 8.4–49.8) are observed in infants born to mothers with COVID-19, which could indicate risk for neonatal sepsis. These infants may gain passive immunity to COVID-19 through antibody transfer via placenta. These results can guide current obstetrical care during the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

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