scholarly journals Nannochloropsis gaditana and Dunaliella salina as Feedstock for Biodiesel Production: Lipid Production and Biofuel Quality

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Eduardo Henrique Bredda ◽  
Patrícia Caroline Molgero Da Rós ◽  
Guilherme Arantes Pedro ◽  
Heizir Ferreira de Castro ◽  
Messias Borges Silva
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Dunaliella Salina ◽  
Lipid Productivity ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Nannochloropsis Gaditana ◽  
Biodiesel Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Microalgal Lipids

Introduction: Microalgal lipids have a wide range of applications, from biodiesel manufacture in the energy industry to the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids for the pharmaceutical industry. Microalgal lipid productivity and quality, however, vary greatly depending on cultivation parameters. Aims: In this study, we investigated the potential of two marine microalgae, Nannochloropsis gaditana and Dunaliella salina, to be used as feedstock for biodiesel production. Methodology: A Taguchi L4 orthogonal array design was applied to understand the effects of sodium acetate (0 or 2 g L−1), sodium bicarbonate (0 or 2 g L−1), and sodium nitrate (25 or 75 mg L−1) concentrations on biomass and lipid productivities. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles of microalgal lipids obtained under the best conditions were determined, and FAME results were used to predict biodiesel properties. Results: Both carbon sources (sodium acetate and sodium bicarbonate) improved biomass productivity. Lipid productivity was enhanced only by sodium acetate. The highest lipid productivities obtained were 10.25 ± 1.02 and 12.12 ± 0.28 mg L−1 day−1 for N. gaditana and D. salina, respectively. Palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:1), oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2), lauric (C12:0), and myristic (C14:0) acids were the major components of D. salina oil. The major fatty acids in N. gaditana oil were C16:0, C18:0, and C18:1. Conclusion: The great differences in FAME profiles resulted in different biodiesel properties. Biodiesel from N. gaditana oil was predicted to have a higher cetane number (73.20) than that derived from D. salina oil (59.59). D. salina oil biodiesel, however, was predicted to have better properties than N. gaditana oil biodiesel, including lower cloud point (0.46°C) and cold filter plugging point (−7.27°C).

scholarly journals Enhanced Lipid Production and Molecular Dynamics under Salinity Stress in Green Microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (137C)

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanapa Atikij ◽  
Yolani Syaputri ◽  
Hitoshi Iwahashi ◽  
Thanit Praneenararat ◽  
Sophon Sirisattha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Green Microalga ◽  
Microalgal Lipids

Microalgal lipids are a source of valuable nutritional ingredients in biotechnological industries, and are precursors to biodiesel production. Here, the effects of salt-induced stresses, including NaCl, KCl, and LiCl stresses, on the production of lipid in green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (137c) were investigated. NaCl stress dramatically increased saturated fatty acids (SFAs), which accounted for 70.2% of the fatty acid methyl ester (FAMEs) under stress. In contrary, KCl stress led to a slight increase in SFAs (47.05%) with the remaining being polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (45.77%). RT-PCR analysis revealed that the genes involved in FA biosynthesis, such as PDH2, ACCase, MAT and KAS2, were up-regulated by NaCl-induced stress. Conversely, the genes responsible for the Kennedy pathway were suppressed. The alteration of FA homeostasis was further assessed by overexpressing MAT, the enzyme responsible for the production of malonyl-ACP, a key building block for FA biosynthesis, in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. Intracellular FA composition was affected, with a predominant synthesis of SFAs in transformed cells. Owing to the diversity and relative abundance of SFAs, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFAs) and PUFAs enable the feasibility of using microorganisms as a source of microalgal lipids or valuable nutritional ingredients; salt-induced stress and expression of MAT are useful in providing precursors for enhanced lipid production.

Screening Microalgae Strains for Biodiesel Production: Lipid Productivity and Estimation of Fuel Quality Based on Fatty Acids Profiles as Selective Criteria

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iracema Andrade Nascimento ◽  
Sheyla Santa Izabel Marques ◽  
Iago Teles Dominguez Cabanelas ◽  
Solange Andrade Pereira ◽  
Janice Isabel Druzian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Productivity ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Fuel Quality

scholarly journals Optimization cultivation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in a tubular photobioreactor (2000 Liter) for biomass and green bioenergy (biodiesel) production

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 1439-1457
Author(s):  
Hanaa H. ABD EL BAKY ◽  
Gamal S. EL BAROTY
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Lipid Productivity ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Tubular Photobioreactor ◽  
High Lipid

The biodiesel can be produced from diverse microalgae lipids as alternative and renewable fuel. Thus, the aim of this study was to optimize the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii promising species as biodiesel feedstock for large-scale cultivation in Egypt. To understand some of the triggers required for the metabolic pathway switch to lipid accumulation, the effect of carbon sources and the three elements availability (N, P, S) in C. reinhardtii growth medium was determined. A local microalgae C. reinhardtii was cultured in modified Sueoka medium containing various concentrations of CO2 and bicarbonate (NaHCO3) (in 2-liter flasks) as a carbon source. The optimal source in term biomass, high lipid productivity (10.3 mgL-1d-1) and a higher lipid content (22.76%) were obtained in 6% CO2 culture. Then, the availability of N, P, S (various concentrations of N, P and S) nutrients elements was added to 6% CO2 culture, for produce a highest lipid content and lipid productivity. As expected, under low availability N-1.78 mM; P-0.14mM and S-0.10 mM mediums, C. reinhardtii showed a high accumulation lipid content. Therefore, to improve the economic feasibility of microalgae biofuels production, its concentrations were selected to combine (N+P+S) in order to cultivation of C. reinhardtii in a multi-tubular photobioreactor (400 liter) to produce high lipid contents. Under limited condition, the biomass dry weight, biomass productivity, lipid content and lipid productivity were found to be 3.11 (gL-1), 0.15±0.012 (g-1L-1d-1), 22.76% (w/w %) and 1.9± 0.35 (mg-1L-1d-1), respectively. The extracted lipid was found to have physical and chemical properties similar that plant oils using for biodiesel production. The FAME profiling of prepared biodiesel shows the presence of considerable amount of 36.97% saturated fatty acids (palmitic acid and stearic acid, together) with 27.33% unsaturated (oleic acid and linoleic acid) fatty acids. The FAME had a low iodine value and high CN, which meet with the appropriate of biodiesel standards (EN 14214 and ASTM D6751). Thus, C. reinhardtii appears to be more feasible for high quality biodiesel production.

scholarly journals Microalgae as a Source of Functional PUFAs: A Green Low-cost Pathway via Enzymatic Hydrolysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Eduardo Henrique Bredda ◽  
Messias Borges Silva ◽  
Heizir Ferreira De Castro ◽  
Ana Paula Teixeira Da Silva ◽  
Patrícia Caroline Molgero da Rós
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Candida Rugosa ◽  
Lipid Productivity ◽  
Microbial Oil ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Nannochloropsis Gaditana ◽  
Microalgal Oil

Microalgal oil is an alternative source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that can replace conventional ones such as vegetable and fish oils. In this work, Nannochloropsis gaditana oil was investigated as a source of high-value polyunsaturated fatty acids. The cultivation conditions were optimized using a 22 full factorial design to simultaneously assess the influence of NaNO3 (0.075 to 0.225 mg.L-1) and CH3COONa (2 to 6 g.L-1) concentrations on the lipid productivity. All cultivations were done in 4 L tank photo bioreactors for 7 days, yielding 21.87 mg.L-1.day-1 maximum lipid productivity when using 225 mg.L-1 of nitrate and 6 g.L-1 of acetate. The obtained microbial oil was further characterized revealing palmitic (22.1%), oleic (22.3%), and linoleic (17.0%) as the main fatty acids. The resulting microbial oil was employed in the hydrolysis reactions and different sources of lipases as biocatalysts. The highest performance was achieved by the lipases Burkholderia cepacia (86%), Candida rugosa (84%), and Rhizopus oryzae (82%).

Extraction of free fatty acids from wet Nannochloropsis gaditana biomass for biodiesel production

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 366-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estrella Hita Peña ◽  
Alfonso Robles Medina ◽  
María J. Jiménez Callejón ◽  
María D. Macías Sánchez ◽  
Luis Esteban Cerdán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Nannochloropsis Gaditana

scholarly journals Effect of Phytohormones Supplementation under Nitrogen Depletion on Biomass and Lipid Production of Nannochloropsis oceanica for Integrated Application in Nutrition and Biodiesel

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 592
Author(s):  
Hussein El-Sayed Touliabah ◽  
Adel W. Almutairi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Human Nutrition ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Nannochloropsis Oceanica ◽  
Nitrogen Depletion ◽  
Omega Fatty Acids ◽  
Microalgal Lipids

Economic viability of biodiesel production relies mainly on the productivity of biomass and microalgal lipids. In addition, production of omega fatty acids is favorable for human nutrition. Thus, enhancement of lipid accumulation with high proportion of omega fatty acids could help the dual use of microalgal lipids in human nutrition and biodiesel production through biorefinery. In that context, phytohormones have been identified as a promising factor to increase biomass and lipids production. However, nitrogen limitation has been discussed as a potential tool for lipid accumulation in microalgae, which results in simultaneous growth retardation. The present study aims to investigate the combined effect of N-depletion and 3-Indoleacetic acid (IAA) supplementation on lipid accumulation of the marine eustigmatophyte Nannochloropsis oceanica as one of the promising microalgae for omega fatty acids production. The study confirmed that N-starvation stimulates the lipid content of N. oceanica. IAA enhanced both growth and lipid accumulation due to enhancement of pigments biosynthesis. Therefore, combination effect of IAA and nitrogen depletion showed gradual increase in the dry weight compared to the control. Lipid analysis showed lower quantity of saturated fatty acids (SFA, 26.25%) than the sum of monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Under N-depletion, SFA decreased by 12.98% compared to the control, which recorded much reduction by increasing of IAA concentration. Reduction of SFA was in favor of PUFA, mainly omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids which increased significantly due to IAA combined with N-depletion. Thus, the present study suggests a biorefinery approach for lipids extracted from N. oceanica for dual application in nutrition followed by biodiesel production.

scholarly journals The effect of solvents polarity and extraction conditions on the microalgal lipids yield, fatty acids profile, and biodiesel properties

2021 ◽  
pp. 126303
Author(s):  
Mohammad Javad Zarrinmehr ◽  
Ehsan Daneshvar ◽  
Subhasha Nigam ◽  
Kannappan Panchamoorthy Gopinath ◽  
Jayanta Kumar Biswas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Biodiesel Properties ◽  
Effect Of Solvents ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
Microalgal Lipids

Biodiesel production by microalgae cultivated using permeate from membrane bioreactors in continuous system

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 1813-1819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siok Ling Low ◽  
Say Leong Ong ◽  
How Yong Ng
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Continuous System ◽  
Lipid Productivity ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Microalgae in three submerged ceramic membrane photobioreactors (SCMPBRs) with different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) were fed with permeate of a submerged ceramic membrane bioreactor for a period of 3 months to investigate the lipid content and also the biodiesel quality produced at different HRTs. The lipid content, lipid productivity and fatty acid compositions for all three SCMPBRs were not significantly different at the 95% confidence level. These results suggested that insignificant change in the amount of fatty acids was observed at different HRTs that supplied varying concentration of nitrate in the medium. Among the fatty acids, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid were the main components, whereas stearic acid was a minor fatty acid. Since there was insignificant effect of HRT on lipid content, lipid productivity and fatty acid compositions, the optimum HRT for SCMPBRs can then be designed based on optimum nutrient removal performance and low membrane fouling propensity.

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