Screening Microalgae Strains for Biodiesel Production: Lipid Productivity and Estimation of Fuel Quality Based on Fatty Acids Profiles as Selective Criteria

The biodiesel can be produced from diverse microalgae lipids as alternative and renewable fuel. Thus, the aim of this study was to optimize the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii promising species as biodiesel feedstock for large-scale cultivation in Egypt. To understand some of the triggers required for the metabolic pathway switch to lipid accumulation, the effect of carbon sources and the three elements availability (N, P, S) in C. reinhardtii growth medium was determined. A local microalgae C. reinhardtii was cultured in modified Sueoka medium containing various concentrations of CO2 and bicarbonate (NaHCO3) (in 2-liter flasks) as a carbon source. The optimal source in term biomass, high lipid productivity (10.3 mgL-1d-1) and a higher lipid content (22.76%) were obtained in 6% CO2 culture. Then, the availability of N, P, S (various concentrations of N, P and S) nutrients elements was added to 6% CO2 culture, for produce a highest lipid content and lipid productivity. As expected, under low availability N-1.78 mM; P-0.14mM and S-0.10 mM mediums, C. reinhardtii showed a high accumulation lipid content. Therefore, to improve the economic feasibility of microalgae biofuels production, its concentrations were selected to combine (N+P+S) in order to cultivation of C. reinhardtii in a multi-tubular photobioreactor (400 liter) to produce high lipid contents. Under limited condition, the biomass dry weight, biomass productivity, lipid content and lipid productivity were found to be 3.11 (gL-1), 0.15±0.012 (g-1L-1d-1), 22.76% (w/w %) and 1.9± 0.35 (mg-1L-1d-1), respectively. The extracted lipid was found to have physical and chemical properties similar that plant oils using for biodiesel production. The FAME profiling of prepared biodiesel shows the presence of considerable amount of 36.97% saturated fatty acids (palmitic acid and stearic acid, together) with 27.33% unsaturated (oleic acid and linoleic acid) fatty acids. The FAME had a low iodine value and high CN, which meet with the appropriate of biodiesel standards (EN 14214 and ASTM D6751). Thus, C. reinhardtii appears to be more feasible for high quality biodiesel production.

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Production and Evaluation of Fractionated Tamarind Seed Oil Methyl Esters as a New Source of Biodiesel

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14217148 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (21) ◽

pp. 7148

Author(s):

Ayesha Mushtaq ◽

Muhammad Asif Hanif ◽

Muhammad Zahid ◽

Umer Rashid ◽

Zahid Mushtaq ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

High Vacuum ◽

Cetane Number ◽

Production Costs ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Fuel Quality ◽

Tamarind Seed

Biodiesel has attracted considerable interest as an alternative biofuel due to its many advantages over conventional petroleum diesel such as inherent lubricity, low toxicity, renewable raw materials, biodegradability, superior flash point, and low carbon footprint. However, high production costs, poor low temperature operability, variability of fuel quality from different feedstocks, and low storage stability negatively impact more widespread adoption. In order to reduce production costs, inexpensive inedible oilseed alternatives are needed for biodiesel production. This study utilized inedible tamarind (Tamarind indica) seed oil as an alternative biodiesel feedstock, which contained linoleic (31.8%), oleic (17.1%), and lauric (12.0%) acids as the primary fatty acids. A simple and cost-effective high vacuum fractional distillation (HVFD) methodology was used to separate the oil into three fractions (F1, F2, and F3). Subsequent transesterification utilizing basic, acidic, and enzymatic catalysis produced biodiesel of consistent quality and overcame the problem of low temperature biodiesel performance. The most desirable biodiesel with regard to low temperature operability was produced from fractions F2 and F3, which were enriched in unsaturated fatty acids relative to tamarind seed oil. Other properties such as density and cetane number were within the limits specified in the American and European biodiesel standards.

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Characterization of Biodiesel from Alkaline Refinement of Waste Cooking Oil

International Annals of Science ◽

10.21467/ias.10.1.16-24 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 16-24

Author(s):

Aliru Olajide Mustapha ◽

Amina Abiola Adebisi ◽

Bukola Opeyemi Olanipekun

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Low Cost ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Fuel Quality ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

American Standard

The waste cooking oil (WCO) is a low cost and prospective feedstock with no competitive food uses for biodiesel production, but the yield and quality have been greatly affected by impurities. This study examined the chemical and fuel quality of biodiesel of both WCO and alkaline treated WCO. The transesterification process using the alkaline treated cooking oil (ACO) methanol and sodium hydroxide as catalyst followed the Association of Officials of Analytical Chemists (AOAC) techniques. The pH values between 7.27 and 8.65 were found for alkaline treated cooking methyl ester (ACME), alkaline treated cooking oil (ACO) and WCO. Density of ACME, ACO and WCO varied between 0.89 and 0.93 (g/cm3). The fatty acids found were benzoic acid (3.77%), octanoic acid (8.35%), and palmitic acid (75.02%) – most abundant. Comparison of results with the American Standard for Testing Materials (ASTM) values showed quality enhancements of ACO in physicochemical and fuel properties over WCO. The biodiesels from ACO have enhanced emulsification, fuel and free fatty acids qualities over the WCO, showing the refinement methodology of WCO has overall improvement in the biodiesel purity and quality against the previous conflicting reports.

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Nannochloropsis gaditana and Dunaliella salina as Feedstock for Biodiesel Production: Lipid Production and Biofuel Quality

Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology ◽

10.9734/jabb/2018/v20i330075 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Eduardo Henrique Bredda ◽

Patrícia Caroline Molgero Da Rós ◽

Guilherme Arantes Pedro ◽

Heizir Ferreira de Castro ◽

Messias Borges Silva

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

Sodium Acetate ◽

Dunaliella Salina ◽

Lipid Productivity ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Nannochloropsis Gaditana ◽

Biodiesel Properties ◽

Wide Range ◽

Microalgal Lipids

Introduction: Microalgal lipids have a wide range of applications, from biodiesel manufacture in the energy industry to the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids for the pharmaceutical industry. Microalgal lipid productivity and quality, however, vary greatly depending on cultivation parameters. Aims: In this study, we investigated the potential of two marine microalgae, Nannochloropsis gaditana and Dunaliella salina, to be used as feedstock for biodiesel production. Methodology: A Taguchi L4 orthogonal array design was applied to understand the effects of sodium acetate (0 or 2 g L−1), sodium bicarbonate (0 or 2 g L−1), and sodium nitrate (25 or 75 mg L−1) concentrations on biomass and lipid productivities. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles of microalgal lipids obtained under the best conditions were determined, and FAME results were used to predict biodiesel properties. Results: Both carbon sources (sodium acetate and sodium bicarbonate) improved biomass productivity. Lipid productivity was enhanced only by sodium acetate. The highest lipid productivities obtained were 10.25 ± 1.02 and 12.12 ± 0.28 mg L−1 day−1 for N. gaditana and D. salina, respectively. Palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:1), oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2), lauric (C12:0), and myristic (C14:0) acids were the major components of D. salina oil. The major fatty acids in N. gaditana oil were C16:0, C18:0, and C18:1. Conclusion: The great differences in FAME profiles resulted in different biodiesel properties. Biodiesel from N. gaditana oil was predicted to have a higher cetane number (73.20) than that derived from D. salina oil (59.59). D. salina oil biodiesel, however, was predicted to have better properties than N. gaditana oil biodiesel, including lower cloud point (0.46°C) and cold filter plugging point (−7.27°C).

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Influence of Nutrient Manipulation on Growth and Biochemical Constituent in Anabaena variabilis and Nostoc muscorum to Enhance Biodiesel Production

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13169081 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (16) ◽

pp. 9081

Author(s):

Shimaa M. El Shafay ◽

Ahmed Gaber ◽

Walaa F. Alsanie ◽

Mostafa E. Elshobary

Keyword(s):

Lipid Production ◽

Synthetic Medium ◽

Anabaena Variabilis ◽

Lipid Productivity ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Nostoc Muscorum ◽

Small Scale ◽

Protein Accumulation ◽

Fuel Quality

The present study aims to improve biomass and biochemical constituents, especially lipid production of Anabaena variabilis and Nostoc muscorum by formulating an optimal growth condition using various concentrations of nutrients (NO3−, PO43− and CO32−) for biodiesel production. The supplementation of the three nutrients by +50% showed the maximum dry weight and biomass productivity, while the macromolecule contents were varied. The depletion of N-NO3− by 50% N-NO3− showed the maximum lipid yield (146.67 mg L−1) in A. variabilis and the maximum carbohydrate contents (285.33 mg L−1) in N. muscorum with an increase of 35% and 30% over control of the synthetic medium, respectively. However, variation in P-PO43− and C-CO32− showed insignificant improving results for all biochemical compositions in both cyanobacteria. A. variabilis was the superior species for lipid and protein accumulation; however, N. muscorum showed the maximum carbohydrate content. Accordingly, A. variabilis was selected for biodiesel production. In A. variabilis, −50% N-NO3− resulted in 35% higher lipid productivity compared to the control. Furthermore, the fatty acid profile and biodiesel quality-related parameters have improved under this condition. This study has revealed the strategies to improve A. variabilis lipid productivity for biodiesel production for small-scale in vitro application in terms of fuel quality under low nitrate levels.

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Influence of Light Intensity on Lipid Productivity and Fatty Acids Profile of Choricystis sp. LBB13-AL045 for Biodiesel Production

Research Journal of Life Science ◽

10.21776/ub.rjls.2018.005.02.7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 128-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Swastika Praharyawan ◽

Delicia Yunita Rahman ◽

Dwi Susilaningsih

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Light Intensity ◽

Lipid Productivity ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Fatty Acids Profile

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Biodiesel production by microalgae cultivated using permeate from membrane bioreactors in continuous system

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2014.073 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 69 (9) ◽

pp. 1813-1819 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Siok Ling Low ◽

Say Leong Ong ◽

How Yong Ng

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Content ◽

Membrane Fouling ◽

Ceramic Membrane ◽

Continuous System ◽

Lipid Productivity ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

A Minor ◽

Fatty Acid Compositions

Microalgae in three submerged ceramic membrane photobioreactors (SCMPBRs) with different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) were fed with permeate of a submerged ceramic membrane bioreactor for a period of 3 months to investigate the lipid content and also the biodiesel quality produced at different HRTs. The lipid content, lipid productivity and fatty acid compositions for all three SCMPBRs were not significantly different at the 95% confidence level. These results suggested that insigniﬁcant change in the amount of fatty acids was observed at different HRTs that supplied varying concentration of nitrate in the medium. Among the fatty acids, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid were the main components, whereas stearic acid was a minor fatty acid. Since there was insignificant effect of HRT on lipid content, lipid productivity and fatty acid compositions, the optimum HRT for SCMPBRs can then be designed based on optimum nutrient removal performance and low membrane fouling propensity.

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