scholarly journals In vitro Study of Antagonistic Capability of Trichoderma harzianum against Aspergillus niger Isolated from Rotten White Yam (Dioscorea rotundata) Tubers

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
V. I. Gwa ◽  
A. O. Nwankiti ◽  
E. J. Ekefan
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
In Vitro Interactions

In vitro antagonistic study using dual culture technique was carried out at Advanced Plant Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria to assess the potential capability of Trichoderma harzianum as a biocontrol agent against Aspergillus niger isolated from rotten yam tubers. The test antagonist (T. harzianum) was introduced at three different times (same time with pathogen, two days before the inoculation of the pathogen and two days after the inoculation of the pathogen). The plates were incubated for 192 hours and measurements of mycelial radial growths were recorded at intervals of 24 hours beginning from the third day. The results of in vitro interactions between T. harzianum and A. niger revealed that T. harzianum was able to significantly (P ≤ 0.05) inhibit the growth of A. niger at the three different times of introduction of T. harzianum and this increased with the time of incubation. T. harzianum grew faster than A. niger and produced inhibition zones which completely stopped the growth of A. niger. Mean percentage growth inhibition was found to be highest (77.79%) when T. harzianum was introduced 2 days before inoculation of A. niger followed by  introduction of T. harzianum same with A. niger (45.96%). The least percentage growth inhibition (28.47%) was recorded when T. harzianum was introduced 2 days after inoculation of A. niger. In all cases, T. harzianum was observed to be effective at checking the growth of A. niger in vitro and therefore showed the capability for the biological control of the pathogen. It is therefore recommended that for effective in-vitro control of A. niger, T. harzianum should be introduced 2 days before the arrival of A. niger.

scholarly journals Suppression of Stem-End Rot on Avocado Fruit Using Trichoderma spp. in the Central Highlands of Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
E. K. Wanjiku ◽  
J. W. Waceke ◽  
J. N. Mbaka
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Lasiodiplodia Theobromae

Demand for organic avocado fruits, together with stringent food safety standards in the global market, has made producers to use alternative, safe, and consumer-friendly strategies of controlling the postharvest fungal disease of avocado fruits. This study assessed the in vitro efficacy of Trichoderma spp. (T. atroviride, T. virens, T. asperellum, and T. harzianum) against isolated avocado stem-end rot (SER) fungal pathogens (Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Neofusicoccum parvum, Nectria pseudotrichia, and Fusarium solani) using a dual culture technique. The Trichoderma spp. were also evaluated singly on postharvest “Hass” avocado fruits. Spore suspension at 5 × 104 conidial/ml of the Trichoderma spp. was applied on the avocado fruits at three time points, twenty-four hours before the fungal pathogen (preinoculation), at the same time as the fungal pathogen (concurrent inoculation), and 24 hours after the fungal pathogen (postinoculation). In the in vitro study, T. atroviride showed the highest mycelial growth inhibition against N. parvum (48%), N. pseudotrichia (55%), and F. solani (32.95%), while T. harzianum had the highest mycelial growth inhibition against L. theobromae. Trichoderma asperellum was the least effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of all the pathogens. Similarly, T. virens showed the highest mycelial growth inhibition against N. pseudotrichia at 45% inhibition. On postharvest “Hass” fruits, T. atroviride showed the highest efficacy against N. parvum, N. pseudotrichia, and F. solani in all the applications. Trichoderma virens and T. harzianum were most effective against all the pathogens during postinoculation, while Lasiodiplodia theobromae was best controlled by T. virens, T. harzianum, and T. asperellum during postinoculation. Both T. atroviride and T. harzianum present a potential alternative to synthetic fungicides against postharvest diseases of avocado fruits, and further tests under field conditions to be done to validate their efficacy. The possibility of using Trichoderma spp. in the management of SER on avocado fruits at a commercial level should also be explored.

Effects of Trichoderma Species on the Growth of Fusarium Verticillioides

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-425
Author(s):  
Ramesh Kumar ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Balkishan Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Virens ◽  
Trichoderma Species

Six biocontrol treatments viz., Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma virens, Trichoderma harzianum, T. harzianum + T. viride, T. harzianum + T. virens and T. viride + T. virens were evaluated to test the antagonism against Fusarium verticillioides under in vitro conditions. The maximum growth inhibition (90.6%) was recorded in consortium of T. harzianum + T. viride in dual culture technique . The volatile and non volatile compounds from the consortium of T. harzianum + T. viride also found best and suppressed the mycelial growth of F. verticillioides to the tune of 83.90 and 84.61 %, respectively. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 423-425, 2021 (June)

In-vitro bioefficacy of fungal antagonists against root rot of Pea caused by Rhizoctonia solani (Kuhn)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 166-170
Author(s):  
Safdar Kaiser Hasmi ◽  
R. U. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Trichoderma Koningii ◽  
Petri Plate

In-vitro effectiveness of various antagonistic fungi namely Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Trichoderma koningii, T. atroviride, and T. harzianum were evaluated against Rhizoctonia solani by dual culture technique on potato dextrose agar. According to the observation recorded after 5 days, all the treatments were found to be superior over control (R. solani), but among all treatments A. niger was found to the most effective antagonist, with highest radial growth inhibition of the pathogen (77.01 percent), followed by A. flavus, T. harzianum and T. koningii i.e., 66.23, 64.42 and 62.20 percent. While as, T. atroviride was found to be the least effective one with minimum growth inhibition i.e., 42.21 percent. Whereas, at the same time control (R. solani) showed 100 percent radial growth and covered the whole Petri Plate within 5 days. All the bio-control agents were significantly effective to inhibit the sclerotia formation and development, except T. atroviride in which formation of sclerotia was recorded, while in all other treatments complete inhibition of sclerotia formation was recorded after 10 days of incubation.

scholarly journals In vitro Evaluation of Botanical Extracts, Chemical Fungicides and Trichoderma harzianum Against Alternaria brassicicola Causing Leafspot of Cabbage

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
Lok Bahadur Pun ◽  
Kamal Chhetri ◽  
Anju Pandey ◽  
Rajan Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Sweet Flag ◽  
Botanical Extracts ◽  
Chemical Fungicides

Alternaria leaf spot caused by Alternaria brassicicola is one of the destructive diseases of crucifers and causes considerable loss in the yield and quality of the produce. An experiment was conducted in in vitro to evaluate the efficacy of six botanical extracts at three concentrations i.e. 5%, 10% and 15%, six chemical fungicides at five different concentrations i.e. 50ppm, 100ppm, 250ppm, 500ppm and 1000ppm and Trichoderma harzianum against Alternaria brassicicola. The study was carried out using poisoned food technique for botanical extracts and chemical fungicides and dual culture technique for T. harzianum in Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Among botanical extracts, maximum inhibition (99.91%) of mycelial growth was observed in sweet flag at 15% concentration followed by 10% sweet flag (96.68%) and 5% sweet flag (93.64%) and minimum inhibition percent (5.61%) was observed in Lantana camara at 5% concentration. Hexaconazole proved to be the most effective chemical fungicide recording 100% growth inhibition at all the tested concentrations which was at par with1000 ppm metalaxyl + mancozeb (Kriloxyl Gold), 500 and 1000 ppm mancozeb and 1000 ppm carbendazim + mancozeb(SAAF)whereas, 50 ppm carbendazim was least effective in reducing fungal growth (7.16%). T. harzianum showed 65.02% inhibition of test fungus. The study indicated better performance of some chemical fungicides even at lower concentrations i.e. 100ppm and 250ppm. So, such effective fungicides could be used to minimize hazardous effect. Significant effect of some botanical extracts against pathogen growth suggests their application as potential control agent alternative to chemicals.

scholarly journals Comparative Antimicrobiotic Efficacy Test of Triple Antibiotic Paste, Double Antibiotic Paste with Fungicide and Calcium Hydroxide with Chitosan as Vehicle against Enterococcus faecalis: An In vitro Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Sudhakar Naidu ◽  
Mahendravarma Nadimpalli ◽  
Gowtam Dev Dondapati ◽  
Thangi Sowjanya ◽  
Srivalli Podili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Triple Antibiotic Paste ◽  
Antibiotic Powder ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Assay

Introduction: This present research aimed to assess the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of triple antibiotic paste and calcium hydroxide with two different vehicles against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). Materials and Methodology: An agar well diffusion assay was used to determine the experimental medicaments' efficacy against E. faecalis. Medicaments were divided into six groups, which includes Triple antibiotic powder (TAP) with saline or chitosan, Double antibiotic powder with fungicide (DAP 1) with saline or Chitosan, and calcium hydroxide with saline or Chitosan. These medicines were tested in an agar well diffusion test for three days, i.e., 1,4,7 days. The diameters of growth inhibition zones were recorded and compared for each group were tested in an agar well diffusion test for three days, i.e., 1,4,7 days. The diameters of growth inhibition zones were recorded and compared for each group. These medicaments were evaluated for three days an agar well diffusion test, i.e., on 1,4,7 days. The inhibition zones diameters for each group were recorded and compared — the differences between groups analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: The largest inhibition zones were observed for the triple antibiotic powder with chitosan and the smallest for Ca(OH)2 with saline. As days progress, they produced lesser antibacterial effects in all groups. Conclusion: Triple antibiotic paste and Chitosan were more effective in eliminating microorganisms than calcium hydroxide and DAP 1.

scholarly journals Bioactivity of Trichoderma harzianum isolates against the fungal root rot pathogens with special reference to Macrophomina phaseolina causing dry root rot of mungbean

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-792
Author(s):  
Alyssa Swehla ◽  
Abhay K. Pandey ◽  
Ramakrishnan M. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Fallow System

AbstractIn the rice-fallow system, dry root rot (DRR) is an emerging disease of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek var. radiata) caused by the necrotrophic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina. The pathogen causes extensive production losses. In this study, the bioactivity of four Trichoderma harzianum isolates, namely Th-Dharwad, Th-Raichur, Th-Niphm, and Th-Udaipur procured from the Indian research institutes were evaluated against M. phaseolina of mungbean by the dual culture technique. The efficacy of these T. harzianum isolates were also compared with the effective fungicides such as thiram and carbendazim by the poison food method. Results showed that among the T. harzianum isolates, isolate of Th-Raichur was most effective, exhibiting 76.96% mycelial growth inhibition of the test pathogen. As compared to the thiram, carbendazim was more effective, and exhibited 100% mycelial growth inhibition of the test pathogen. In addition, carbendazim was also more effective than the isolate of Th-Raichur. In the sick pot experiment, mungbean seeds treated with Th-Raichur isolate showed a lower percent incidence of DRR (20%) than the untreated seeds (86.6%). The biological spectrum of Th-Raichur isolate was examined against M. phaseolina isolated from the different hosts such as urdbean and vegetable soybean, alongwith two other root pathogens, namely Fusarium solani of mungbean, and Sclerotium rolfsii of urdbean. The isolate of Th-Raichur showed maximum antagonistic activity against the pathogens M. phaseolina and F. solani of mungbean. Thus, Th-Raichur isolate can be used as a potential fungal biocontrol agent for the reduction of DRR in mungbean.

In-vitro and greenhouse management of banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) of maize, at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Sagar ◽  
Manandahar HK ◽  
Shrestha S ◽  
Bhusal K
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Pathology Laboratory

The research included in-vitro experiments on the effect of the fungal antagonist (Trichoderma spp.) and fungicide (carbendazim) against BLSB pathogen (Rhizoctonia solani); and greenhouse experiment for the management of BLSB using antagonists (Trichoderma and Pseudomonas) and a fungicide (carbendazim) in different combinations. The in-vitro and greenhouse experiments were done at the plant pathology laboratory and greenhouse of Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan. Of the isolates of Trichoderma evaluated against the BLSB pathogen in dual culture, the Trichoderma isolated from between healthy and diseased maize plants gave the maximum growth inhibition percent of the pathogen at 24 (19.86±0.52), 48 (51.63±0.40) and 72hours (72.78±1.11). Carbendazim at 10 ppm completely inhibited the growth of both the pathogen and Trichoderma on PDA medium, while at 1 ppm, the growth inhibition of the pathogen was (54.22±0.89) percent and of Trichoderma was (50.22±3.11) percent. The management experiment in a glasshouse with seven treatments was done in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Carbendazim alone gave the highest disease control (59.73%) with the lowest disease severity (28.67±0.67) and AUDPC per day (803.33±33.33). A combination of treatments alternately with Trichoderma and carbendazim also had a significant effect on reducing disease severity. In a separate experiment, Trichoderma with and without pathogen gave significantly higher shoot length, root length, shoot weight and root weight when compared with untreated control.

scholarly journals The Antimicrobial Efficacy of four different Intracanal Medication to Microorganisms existing in the Failure of Endodontic Therapy: An in vitro study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Jorge Paredes Vieyra ◽  
Fabian Ocampo Acosta ◽  
Francisco Javier Jiménez Enriquez ◽  
Alan Hidalgo Vargas ◽  
Ignacio Manriquez Quintana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Load ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Chemical Combination ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Petri Plate ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Aim.This study aims to identify the efficacy of different intracanal medication formulations existing in end of endodontic therapy’s failure, and related to strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus in Petri plates. Materials and methods. It was used diffusion test in agar where each Petri plate with the inoculated bacteria. Perforations of approximately 4 mm deep by 5 mm in diameter were made to prepare where the intracanal drug (25 µl) to be tested. The diameters of the bacterial inhibition zones were measured and registered to each tested medication at the period of 24 hours, 48 hours, 7 and 14 days respectively. Results. All the medications promoted inhibition halos. The inhibition halos were represented in mm. A higher elimination of micro-organisms can be significantly achieved through the association of different substances in the formulation of an intra canal medication, with emphasis to Ca (OH)2 combined with nitrofurazone and magnesium oxide respectively. Conclusion. Cleaning and shaping of the root canal system associated with the chemical combination of Ca (OH) 2 with antiseptic pastes or solutions considerably reduce the bacterial load.

scholarly journals SOIL MYCOFLORA OF BLACK PEPPER RHIZOSPHERE IN THE PHILIPPINES AND THEIR IN VITRO ANTAGONISM AGAINST Phytophthora capsici L.

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rita Noveriza ◽  
Tricita H. Quimio
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Soil Mycoflora

Foot rot disease of black pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici had been reported in Batangas and Laguna, Philippines. The plant was recovered following the application of crop residue (organic substrate) and intercropping with other crops. This study was aimed to isolate, identify, and determine the soil mycoflora from the rhizosphere of black pepper grown on various cropping patterns in Batangas and Laguna. Antagonistic activity of mycoflora isolates was tested against P. capsici using dual culture technique. The result showed that 149 colonies of soil mycoflora isolated were belonging to 14 genera; three of them, i.e. Penicillium, Paecilomyces and Aspergillus, were the most dominant. All of the mycoflora isolates were able to inhibit the growth of the pathogen. Eighteen of them were the most promising antagonists, based on their inhibition growth of more than 60%. It is suggested that antagonistic mechanism of Mucor isolate (1001), Trichoderma (125, 170, 171, 179, 180, 181), Gliocladium (109), Cunninghamella (165, 168), Mortierella (177), and Aspergillus (106) was space competitor (competition for nutrient) since they rapidly overgrew the pathogen. Aspergillus (67, 79, 81, 83, 108, and 202) isolates inhibited the pathogen apparently by producing antibiotic, whereas Trichoderma (125, 170, 171, 179, 180, and 181) isolates were able to penetrate the hyphae of the pathogen. The organic matter percentage in the soil was significantly correlated with the number of antagonistic mycoflora in rhizosphere (R2 = 0.1094), but the cropping pattern was negatively correlated. This study suggests that organic matter increased antagonistic mycoflora in black pepper rhizosphere, which will reduce severity of the disease.

Evaluation of Pseudomonas fluorescens Strains, Fungicides and Non-conventional Chemicals Against Botyrotinia ricini Causing Grey Mold Disease in Castor

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 339-347
Author(s):  
S. Ameer Basha ◽  
◽  
V. Ramya ◽  
A. Sajeli Begum ◽  
G. Raghavendra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Integrated Disease Management ◽  
Grey Mold ◽  
Time Periods

A study was made to evaluate the efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens strains, fungicides and non-conventional chemicals against Botryotinia ricini, causing grey mold disease in castor, under in vitro conditions. Among the 40 strains isolated from rhizosphere soil samples of different crops across the State of Telangana, India, only eight strains inhibited the growth of B. ricini under dual culture technique, of which strains Pf 21 (90.56%), Pf 23 (88.89%), Pf 34 (86.11%) and Pf 36 (84.17%) were the most effective. Among the seven chemicals (four fungicides and three non-conventional chemicals) tested for their efficacy, carbendazim followed by propiconazole had significant antagonistic effect against B. ricini. Exposure of healthy castor capsules to B. ricini and P. fluorescens for different time periods revealed that strains Pf 34 and Pf 36 were effective in completely inhibiting the growth of B. ricini and hence these two strains have been identified as effective biocontrol agents, on par with carbendazim, which offer scope for sustainable and integrated disease management of grey mold disease in castor.

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