Evaluation of Pseudomonas fluorescens Strains, Fungicides and Non-conventional Chemicals Against Botyrotinia ricini Causing Grey Mold Disease in Castor

A study was made to evaluate the efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens strains, fungicides and non-conventional chemicals against Botryotinia ricini, causing grey mold disease in castor, under in vitro conditions. Among the 40 strains isolated from rhizosphere soil samples of different crops across the State of Telangana, India, only eight strains inhibited the growth of B. ricini under dual culture technique, of which strains Pf 21 (90.56%), Pf 23 (88.89%), Pf 34 (86.11%) and Pf 36 (84.17%) were the most effective. Among the seven chemicals (four fungicides and three non-conventional chemicals) tested for their efficacy, carbendazim followed by propiconazole had significant antagonistic effect against B. ricini. Exposure of healthy castor capsules to B. ricini and P. fluorescens for different time periods revealed that strains Pf 34 and Pf 36 were effective in completely inhibiting the growth of B. ricini and hence these two strains have been identified as effective biocontrol agents, on par with carbendazim, which offer scope for sustainable and integrated disease management of grey mold disease in castor.

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IN VITRO EFFICACY OF PGPR PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS AGAINST FUSARIUM WILT OF TOMATO CAUSED BY FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F.SP. LYCOPERSICI

PLANT ARCHIVES ◽

10.51470/plantarchives.2021.v21.no1.060 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (no 1) ◽

Author(s):

K. Vignesh ◽

K. Rajamohan ◽

P. Balabaskar ◽

R. Anandan

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Critical Role ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Antagonistic Effect ◽

Culture Technique ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Percent Inhibition

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most important, commercial and widely grown vegetable crop in the world. Tomato plays a critical role in nutritional food requirements, income and employment opportunities for the people. However, its production is threatened by the Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici and production losses between 30%to40%. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to study the in vitro efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici. The antagonistic effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens were observed by the Dual culture technique and Agarwell method under the in vitro conditions.Among the ten isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens, isolate Pf5 found to show the maximum percent inhibition over control (58.75%) and least mycelial growth (37.12mm) in dual culture technique against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici. In Agar well method isolate Pf5 proved out the maximum inhibition zone (17.47mm)against Fusarium oxysporumf.sp. lycopersici and percent inhibition over control (80.97%) at 30% concentration level.

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In vitro evaluation of bio-agents against Pyricularia oryzae (Cav.) causing rice blast disease

Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal ◽

10.18805/asd.v37i03.8989 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (03) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Akhilesh Kumar Kulmitra ◽

Neha Sahu ◽

V.B. Sanath Kumar ◽

Thejesha A. G. ◽

Amlan Ghosh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽

Rice Blast ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Trichoderma Viride ◽

Culture Technique ◽

Pyricularia Oryzae ◽

Blast Disease ◽

Dual Culture

The five different bio-agents viz., Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum, T. virens, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis were evaluated against Pyricularia oryzae at four and eight days after incubation through dual culture technique. Among the five different bio-agents, highest per cent inhibition of mycelial growth of fungus was recorded in T. virens i.e. 67 per cent and 70 percent after four and eight days after incubation respectively with mean of 68.5 per cent followed by Trichoderma viride with the inhibition of 61 and 63 per cent respectively with mean of 62 per cent. The Pseudomonas fluorescens did not show any inhibition of mycelial growth of P. oryzae as the pathogen over grew the bio-agents.

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Antagonism of Pseudomonas fluorescens from plant roots to Rigidoporus lignosus pathogen of rubber white roots in vitro

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d200609 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

NURHAYATI DAMIRI ◽

MULAWARMAN MULAWARMAN ◽

RAHIM S EFFENDI

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽

Culture Technique ◽

Plant Roots ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Antagonistic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Rigidoporus Lignosus ◽

Roots In Vitro

Abstract. Damiri N, Mulawarman, Effendi RS. 2019. Antagonism of Pseudomonas fluorescens from plant roots to Rigidoporus lignosus pathogen of rubber white roots in vitro. Biodiversitas 20: 1549-1554. Indonesia's rubber productivity is still relatively low. This low productivity of rubber can be caused by many factors such as the attack of Rigidoporus lignosus. This study aims to explore antagonistic bacteria from the plant roots and test their antagonism ability to R. lignosus at the laboratory level. This research was conducted at the Laboratory at the Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University, Indralaya Ogan Ilir District, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Corporate and bacterial isolations are carried out by serial dilution method. In-vitro testing of antagonistic bacteria was carried out using the dual-culture technique method on sterile PDA media by direct opposition between R. lignosus culture and antagonistic bacteria explored. Results of the study showed that a number of bacterial isolates existed there, namely 11 bacterial isolates belonging to Pseudomonas fluorescens, four from turmeric roots, three from the roots of rubber seedlings, two from galangal roots and two from the roots of yielding rubber plants. P. fluorescens from roots of turmeric, rubber seedlings, rubber, and galangal was able and had the potential to be developed as biopesticide to control R. lignosus. The best isolate in suppressing the growth and development of R. ligonosus is P. fluorescens isolates from the roots of turmeric and those of rubber seedlings (isolates of C, B, and G).

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First report of three species of Trichoderma isolated from the rhizosphere in Algeria and the high antagonistic effect of Trichoderma brevicompactum to control grey mould disease of tomato

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control ◽

10.1186/s41938-021-00423-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Massinissa Hammad ◽

Thomas Guillemette ◽

Meriem Alem ◽

Franck Bastide ◽

Meriem Louanchi

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Grey Mould ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Antagonistic Effect ◽

Culture Technique ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Soil Microbial Diversity ◽

First Report ◽

The North

Abstract Background Grey mould caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. (teleomorph Botryotinia fuckeliana (de Bary) Whetzel) is one of the most destructive fungal diseases of Mediterranean crops. In Algeria, few studies have been made on the economic impact of this disease. Nevertheless, it is practically present in all tomato and strawberry greenhouses, as well as in prospected vineyards in the north and south of the country. The complexity of chemical control of this disease has led to search for Trichoderma strains that are effective in biological control. Results Fifteen isolates of Trichoderma spp. were obtained from vigorous and healthy plants (tomatoes, strawberries, and vines) rhizosphere, and from a commercial bio-compost (Bio-composte®), then identified as T. afroharzianum (four isolates), T. gamsii (four isolates), T. longibrachiatum (three isolates), T. atroviride (one isolate), T. brevicompactum (one isolate), T. breve (one isolate), and T. lixii (one isolate) on the basis of DNA sequence analysis of four genes (ITS, tef1, rpb2, and acl1). In vitro biocontrol tests revealed that four Algerian isolates of Trichoderma spp. (TAtC11, TGS7, TGS10, and TBS1) had a high antagonistic activity against B. cinerea, the mycelial growth has been reduced by 62 to 65% in dual-culture technique, by 62.31 to 64.49% in volatile compounds test, and a high inhibition of germling growth was recorded by TBS1 isolate with 90.68% in Culture filtrates test. Biocontrol tests carried out on tomato plants with T. brevicompactum (TBS1), T. atroviride (TAtC11), and T. lixii (TLiC8) against B. cinerea (BCT04) showed that TBS1 inoculation significantly reduced the incidence of disease by 64.43 and 51.35% in preventive and curative treatment, respectively. Conclusion The present study revealed the first report of T. brevicompactum, T. breve, and T. lixii in Algeria, and it also contributes to the promotion of the use of native strains of Trichoderma in biological control leading to a better preservation of soil microbial diversity.

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Bio-controller Effect of Four Native Strains of Trichoderma spp., on Phytophthora capsici in Manzano Chili (Capsicum pubescens) in Puebla-Mexico

Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology ◽

10.22207/jpam.15.2.58 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ma. Ángeles Valencia de Ita ◽

Jiménez Huerta Fátima ◽

Conrado Parraguirre Lezama ◽

Alfredo Báez Simón ◽

Gerardo Landeta Cortés ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Rot ◽

Phytophthora Capsici ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Antagonistic Effect ◽

Culture Technique ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Native Strains

Diversity of the different types of chilies in Mexico has been scarcely studied, and a large variety have been found to be, such as Manzano chili. Root rot caused by oomycete Phytophthora capsici is a severe disease that affects Manzano chili production in Mexico, detracted from its production and quality. The use of biological control agents such as Trichodermanative’s species, represents an efficient alternative to reduce losses and control the disease. For this reason, the objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the antagonistic effect in vitro and in vivo of four native strains of Trichoderma spp., on Phytophthora capsici in seedlings of Manzano chili from Puebla-Mexico was evaluated. Dual culture technique was used to determine the percentage of inhibition of radial growth (PICR) of the PC-A strain of P. capsici. Analysis of the percentage of germination was also carried out, as well as the incidence of root rot at 20 days after inoculation with the pathogen (dai) in the nursery. T. harzianum strain presented the highest PICR (42.86%) of antagonistic level in vitro and class I in the Bell scale, in addition, it obtained 88% germination in the nursery and 10% mortality at 20 dai, higher than the other native strains of Trichoderma. The bio-controlling effect of strains of Trichoderma spp., offers an effective alternative for root necrosis caused by P. capsici in the cultivation of Manzano chili in Puebla-Mexico.

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Antifungal activity of several isolates of Trichoderma against Cladosporium and Botrytis

Ukrainian Journal of Ecology ◽

10.15421/2018_191 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 88-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Skaptsov ◽

S. Smirnov ◽

M. Kutsev ◽

O. Uvarova ◽

T. Sinitsyna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Its Region ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Antagonistic Effect ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Morphological Observation ◽

The South

Trichoderma isolates (SSBGT07, SSBGT08, SSBGT09, SSBGT10) were isolated from the soil samples of the South-Siberian Botanical Garden and identified using morphological observation and ITS region analysis as Trichoderma harzianum, T. asperellum, T. ghanense, and T. longibranchiatum. Antagonistic activity against Cladosporium sp. and Botrytis sp. was evaluated in vitro. All isolates showed antagonistic effect by competition against Cladosporium sp. T. asperellum and T. longibranchiatum showed antagonism against Botrytis sp. All isolates showed hyper sporulation on the sclerotia of Botrytis sp. (except the T. ghanense) and colonies of the Cladosporium sp. Our study provides new isolates that affect the Cladosporium sp. and Botrytis sp.

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Suppression of Stem-End Rot on Avocado Fruit Using Trichoderma spp. in the Central Highlands of Kenya

Advances in Agriculture ◽

10.1155/2021/8867858 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

E. K. Wanjiku ◽

J. W. Waceke ◽

J. N. Mbaka

Keyword(s):

Growth Inhibition ◽

Fungal Pathogen ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Culture Technique ◽

Global Market ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Postharvest Diseases ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Lasiodiplodia Theobromae

Demand for organic avocado fruits, together with stringent food safety standards in the global market, has made producers to use alternative, safe, and consumer-friendly strategies of controlling the postharvest fungal disease of avocado fruits. This study assessed the in vitro efficacy of Trichoderma spp. (T. atroviride, T. virens, T. asperellum, and T. harzianum) against isolated avocado stem-end rot (SER) fungal pathogens (Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Neofusicoccum parvum, Nectria pseudotrichia, and Fusarium solani) using a dual culture technique. The Trichoderma spp. were also evaluated singly on postharvest “Hass” avocado fruits. Spore suspension at 5 × 104 conidial/ml of the Trichoderma spp. was applied on the avocado fruits at three time points, twenty-four hours before the fungal pathogen (preinoculation), at the same time as the fungal pathogen (concurrent inoculation), and 24 hours after the fungal pathogen (postinoculation). In the in vitro study, T. atroviride showed the highest mycelial growth inhibition against N. parvum (48%), N. pseudotrichia (55%), and F. solani (32.95%), while T. harzianum had the highest mycelial growth inhibition against L. theobromae. Trichoderma asperellum was the least effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of all the pathogens. Similarly, T. virens showed the highest mycelial growth inhibition against N. pseudotrichia at 45% inhibition. On postharvest “Hass” fruits, T. atroviride showed the highest efficacy against N. parvum, N. pseudotrichia, and F. solani in all the applications. Trichoderma virens and T. harzianum were most effective against all the pathogens during postinoculation, while Lasiodiplodia theobromae was best controlled by T. virens, T. harzianum, and T. asperellum during postinoculation. Both T. atroviride and T. harzianum present a potential alternative to synthetic fungicides against postharvest diseases of avocado fruits, and further tests under field conditions to be done to validate their efficacy. The possibility of using Trichoderma spp. in the management of SER on avocado fruits at a commercial level should also be explored.

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Antagonistic effectiveness of some bacteria against Fusarium graminearum causing crown rot disease on wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal ◽

10.52951/dasj.21130107 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 69-80

Author(s):

Majida Hadi Mahdi Alsaady ◽

Hussein Ali Salim ◽

Rakib A. Al-ani ◽

Hadi M. Aboud ◽

Jamal Talib M Al Roubaie

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Graminearum ◽

Culture Method ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Antagonistic Effect ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Enzyme Analysis ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Rot Disease

In this study, the antagonistic effect of five bacteria genera namely Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, and Streptomyces isolated from rhizosphere of wheat were evaluated against Fusarium graminearum as potential biocontrol agents in vitro. F. graminearum was molecularly diagnosed using the Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Each bacteria were tested for the production of catalase enzyme, oxidase enzyme, analysis of starch, analyze of gelatin, and the motility, where Azotobacter, Azospirillum, and Bacillus subtilis were positive for all tested. Fungal inhibition tests were performed by using the dual culture method and agar well diffusion technique. Among them, Streptomyces and Azospirillum exhibited potent inhibition to the growth of F. graminearum (72.14% and 66.42%) respectively, followed by B.pumillus, P.fluorescens, B. subtilis and Azotobacter ( 58.28%, 43.23%, 39.71% and 35.71%) respectively as compared with the control treatment (0.0%).The dry weight of the fungus biomass was decreased with bacteria P. fluorescens, Streptomyces sp, Azotobacter sp, Azospirillum sp, B. subtilis, and B. pumillus which reached (0.114, 0.103, 0.147, 0.101, 0.143, and 0.107 g) respectively compared to the control treatment that was 0. 665 g.

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SOIL MYCOFLORA OF BLACK PEPPER RHIZOSPHERE IN THE PHILIPPINES AND THEIR IN VITRO ANTAGONISM AGAINST Phytophthora capsici L.

Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.21082/ijas.v5n1.2004.p1-10 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Rita Noveriza ◽

Tricita H. Quimio

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Phytophthora Capsici ◽

Black Pepper ◽

The Philippines ◽

Culture Technique ◽

Organic Substrate ◽

Cropping Pattern ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Soil Mycoflora

Foot rot disease of black pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici had been reported in Batangas and Laguna, Philippines. The plant was recovered following the application of crop residue (organic substrate) and intercropping with other crops. This study was aimed to isolate, identify, and determine the soil mycoflora from the rhizosphere of black pepper grown on various cropping patterns in Batangas and Laguna. Antagonistic activity of mycoflora isolates was tested against P. capsici using dual culture technique. The result showed that 149 colonies of soil mycoflora isolated were belonging to 14 genera; three of them, i.e. Penicillium, Paecilomyces and Aspergillus, were the most dominant. All of the mycoflora isolates were able to inhibit the growth of the pathogen. Eighteen of them were the most promising antagonists, based on their inhibition growth of more than 60%. It is suggested that antagonistic mechanism of Mucor isolate (1001), Trichoderma (125, 170, 171, 179, 180, 181), Gliocladium (109), Cunninghamella (165, 168), Mortierella (177), and Aspergillus (106) was space competitor (competition for nutrient) since they rapidly overgrew the pathogen. Aspergillus (67, 79, 81, 83, 108, and 202) isolates inhibited the pathogen apparently by producing antibiotic, whereas Trichoderma (125, 170, 171, 179, 180, and 181) isolates were able to penetrate the hyphae of the pathogen. The organic matter percentage in the soil was significantly correlated with the number of antagonistic mycoflora in rhizosphere (R2 = 0.1094), but the cropping pattern was negatively correlated. This study suggests that organic matter increased antagonistic mycoflora in black pepper rhizosphere, which will reduce severity of the disease.

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Role of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activities produced by a fluorescent pseudomonad and in vitro inhibition of Phytophthora capsici and Rhizoctonia solani

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/w06-119 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 207-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Naveen Kumar Arora ◽

Min Jeong Kim ◽

Sun Chul Kang ◽

Dinesh Kumar Maheshwari

Keyword(s):

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Phytophthora Capsici ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

Culture Technique ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Fluorescent Pseudomonad ◽

Antifungal Metabolites ◽

Fluorescent Pseudomonas

A study was conducted to investigate the possibility of involvement of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase of an antagonistic fluorescent Pseudomonas in growth suppression of phytopathogenic fungi, Phytophthora capsici and Rhizoctonia solani . Fluorescent Pseudomonas isolates GRC3 and GRC4 were screened for their antifungal potential against phytopathogenic fungi by using dual culture technique both on solid and liquid media. The percent inhibition was calculated. Various parameters were monitored for optimization of enzyme activities by fluorescent Pseudomonas GRC3. The involvement of chitinases, β-1,3-glucanases, and antifungal metabolites of nonenzymatic nature was correlated with the inhibition of P. capsici and R. solani. The results provide evidence for antibiosis as a mechanism for antagonism. The study also confirms that multiple mechanisms are involved in suppressing phytopathogens as evidenced by the involvement of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase in inhibition of R. solani but not P. capsici by isolate GRC3.

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