scholarly journals Effect of Storage on the Nutritional Composition and Mycoflora of Sphenostylis stenocarpa Stored for Twenty Weeks

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Dayo Fagbohun ◽  
Fakiyesi Ifeoluwa Samuel ◽  
Ayodeji Segun Ogundahunsi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Phytophthora Palmivora ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Sphenostylis Stenocarpa

The nutritional and mycoflora changes in dried African yam beans (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) were investigated during a storage period of twenty weeks. The result of the proximate analysis (g/100 g) showed that the following moisture content decreased from 11.15-9.80, fat 1.25-0.49, crude fibre 6.18-2.64, crude protein 77.92-62.14 while the ash content increased from 3.20-3.78, carbohydrate content 0.36-18.32. The mineral analysis (mg/100 g) showed a decrease in all parameters investigated, sodium (Na) 2.57-1.35, potassium (K) 42.26-31.75, calcium (Ca) 21.45-12.56, magnesium (Mg) 27.75-20.72, iron (Fe) 0.25-0.12, zinc (Zn) 0.06-0.05, copper (Cu) 0.03-0.03, phosphorus (P) 32.08-22.03, manganese (Mn) 0.11-0.06, chromium (Cr) 0.002-0.001. Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) were not detected. Five fungi comprising four genera were isolated using direct plating, washing and dilution methods on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), and identified using their cultural and morphological features with reference to standard procedures. The fungi isolated were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp., Mucor sp. and Phytophthora palmivora. It can be concluded that storage encourages proliferation of mycoflora thereby leading to reduction in the nutritional and mineral composition of the stored sample.

scholarly journals Determination of Nutritional Composition of Ackee’s Apple Blighia sapida and Monkey Kola Cola millenii

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Oyetade Joshua Akinropo ◽  
Bello Lukman Abidemi ◽  
Adesiyan Blessing Adedayo
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Fruit Samples

The proximate analysis of the fruit sample that homogenously sampled from the wild was taken and quartered to get appreciable weight fit for analysis. Due to it perishable nature the quartered sample for each of the fruit was stored in an air tight container and kept in the refrigerator at a temperature of about 4°C. For the determination of the nutritional composition, parameters which include their proximate, minerals, and vitamin C were quantitatively determined while the anti-nutrient composition were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Compared to ackee’s apple, monkey cola was found to consist of 64.41% moisture content, 1.69% ash, 10.21% crude fibre, 1.25% crude fat, 4.44% crude fibre, 18.06% carbohydrates while ackee’s apple consist of 73.21% moisture, 1.49% ash, 9.38 % crude protein, 13.98% crude fat, 2.08% crude fibre, 0.86% carbohydrates and 4.45% of vitamin C. The mineral analysis for both samples was quantitatively determined using Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The minerals determined for ackee’s apple and monkey cola were magnesium which was 1391.65 ppm, calcium 628.23 ppm, sodium 506.96 ppm, potassium 3976.14 ppm, iron 1.0 ppm, copper 5.00, zinc 4.00, cobalt 3.0 and phosphorus 2616.90 ppm the iron however, was not detected. Ackee’s apple on the other hand, consist of magnesium 498.01 ppm, calcium 478.56 ppm, sodium 398.80 ppm, potassium 4970.18 ppm, copper 2.00, zinc 5.00, cobalt 3.0 and phosphorus 373.84 ppm. The qualitative screening of the anti-nutrients revealed the absence of phenol from both fruit samples while tannins were present only in the monkey cola. The flavonoids, phytic acid and oxalate were quantitatively determined to be 1240 mg, 625 mg and 155 mg for Monkey kola and 640 mg, 340 mg and 65 mg for Ackee’s apple.

scholarly journals PHYTO-NUTRITIONAL PROFILES OF BROOM WEED (SIDA ACUTA) LEAF EXTRACT

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Shittu, M. D ◽  
Alagbe, J.O
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Sida Acuta ◽  
Β Carotene

Medicinal plants are abundant in phytochemicals that has significant therapeutic effects. They are relatively cheap, effective and safe in prolong use. This experiment was carried out to investigate the phyto-nutritional profile of broom weed (Sida acuta) leaf extract. Proximate analysis Sida acuta leaf indicated the presence of dry matter (91.88 %), crude protein (18.01 %), ash (9.73 %), crude fibre (6.24 %), ether extract (1.77 %) and energy (2760 Kcal/kg). Phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of condensed tannins, hydrolysable tannins, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, oxalate, phytate, alkaloids, terpenoids and glycosides at 0.82 %, 2.02 %, 4.25 %, 0.20 %, 0.17 %, 0.05 %, 0.23 %, 0.22 %, 0.95 % and 0.02 % respectively and the vitamin constituents are thiamine (0.33 mg/100g), ascorbic acid (30.17 mg/100g), riboflavin (0.05 mg/100g), β-carotene (0.79 mg/100g) and niacin (0.41 mg/100g). Mineral analysis showed that it contained calcium (127.6 mg/100g), phosphorus (78.6 mg/100g), potassium (31.6 mg/100g), magnesium (102.1 mg/100g), iron (2.14 mg/100g), manganese (0.60 mg/100g), copper (0.04 mg/100g) and zinc (1.75 mg/100g). Result on amino acid composition showed that they contained lysine (2.11 mg/100g), arginine (1.77 mg/100g), aspartic acid (2.13 mg/100g), threonine (1.85 mg/100g), histidine (4.71 mg/100g), serine (2.03 mg/100g), glycine (1.05 mg/100g), alanine (3.31 mg/100g), cystine (5.06 mg/100g), valine (0.88 mg/100g), leucine (2.04 mg/100g), phenyalanine (4.72 mg/100g), tyrosine (3.51 mg/100g), isoleucine (2.84 mg/100g), methionine (0.85 mg/100g) and proline (1.05 mg/100g). It was concluded that  Sida acuta leaf extract is rich in various nutrients and phytochemicals conferring it the ability to perform multiple biological activities and as a natural alternative to antibiotics. 

scholarly journals EFFECT OF STORAGE MATERIALS ON THE PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF TOMATO (Lycopersicon Esculentum) POWDER

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-206
Author(s):  
RUKAYAT OLADIPUPO ◽  
K. A. Yusuf ◽  
G. Salawu
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Aluminium Foil ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Storage Materials ◽  
Tomato Powder

The effect of storage materials on the quality of tomato powder was studied. Fresh, firm and matured red tomatoes were washed, sorted and sliced to a uniform thickness of 5mm. The sliced tomatoes were pre-treated by dipping in 1% calcium chloride (CaCl2) and 0.2% potassium metabislphite (KMS) solution for 10 minutes at room temperature. 200g each of the sample was dried at temperatures of 600C until equilibrium moisture content was attained. The dried tomatoes were ground into powder and stored in Black polyethylene [BPE], White polyethylene [WPE], and Laminated Aluminium Foil [LAF] pouches for 6 weeks. The moisture content, crude protein, crude fibre, fat, total ash, and vitamin C of the tomato powder were determined using the method prescribed by AOAC. The carotene contents were determined by HPLC. The proximate analysis was repeated after 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6weeks of storage.  There was an increase in moisture content and ash content after 6 weeks of storage while a decrease in value of protein, fat and vitamin C content occurred after the storage period. All the parameters measured were best retained by the laminated aluminium foil (LAF) compared to black polyethylene (BPE) and white polyethylene (WPE) packaging material for the entire period of the study.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis on the Phytochemical, Proximate and Mineral Composition of the Seeds and Peels of Lime

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Uzama ◽  
S. C. Okolo ◽  
R. U. Okoh-Esene ◽  
A. B. Adebiyi ◽  
A.T. Orishadipe
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Proximate And Mineral Composition

Comparative Analysis on the Phytochemical, proximate and mineral composition of the seeds and peels of lime was carried out. The phytochemical, and proximate screenings were carried out using standard methods. The mineral analysis was carried out by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The proximate analysis revealed that the seeds contain Moisture 8.20%, Ash 12.09%,Crude fat 8.50%,Crude Protein 1.93%,Crude fibre 20.71%, and Carbohydrate 48.58% while the peels contain Moisture10.60%, Ash 15.27%, Crude fat14.67%, Crude Protein 2.30%, Crude fibre23.36% and Carbohydrate 33.80%.The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloid, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, and volatile oils in both the seeds and peels of the lime. In addition, the seeds contain steroids, while the peels contain tannins, balsams and anthraquinone. The mineral analysis revealed that the seeds contains Ni(0.17mg/100g),Pb(0.01mg/100g),Mn (0.20mg/100g),Zn(0.57mg/100g)Cr(0.17mg/100g),Mg(9.02mg/100g),Ca(27.02mg/100g),Cd(0.01mg/100g), Fe(2.55mg/100g) and Cu(4.81mg/100g) while the peels contain Ni(0.15mg/100g),Pd(0.21mg/100g),Mn(0,21mg/100g),Zn(0.23mg/100g),Cr(0.13mg/100g),Mg(7.61mg/100g),Ca(100.22mg/100g),Cd(0.01mg/100g),Fe(1.67mg/100g) and Cu(0.21mg/100g).The lime seeds and peels can serve as potential sources of drugs and nutrition with the seeds having higher concentration of minerals. 

scholarly journals Comparison of Nutritional and Anti-Nutritional Qualities of Grewia forbesii Hav. Ex Mast and Grewia bicolor Juss Fruits from Kitapilimwa Forest Reserve in Iringa District

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1436-1441
Author(s):  
Vendeline E. Tairo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Total Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Nutritional Qualities ◽  
Low Levels

The Grewia forbesii and Grewia bicolor fruits were collected from Kitapilimwa Forest Reserve and were analysed for proximate, nutrients and anti-nutrients compositions. Results showed low moisture contents in G. forbesii and G. bicolor amounting to 14.14 and 13.98 percent, respectively. Crude fibre percent was slightly higher in G. bicolor (33.15%) than G. forbesii (31.95%). Lipid content was slightly higher in G. bicolor (1.37%) compared to G. forbesii (1.28%). The crude protein content of G. forbesii (7.44%) was slightly higher than G. bicolor (7.00%). Total carbohydrate content of G. forbesii (68.9%) was higher than that of G. bicolor (70%). Mineral analysis indicated substantial amounts of potassium 898 mg/100 g in G. forbesii and 879 mg/100 g in G. bicolor. Calcium content was high in G. forbesii and G. bicolor amounting to 453 mg/100 g and 582 mg/100 g, respectively. Iron was high in both species (20.73–24.45 mg/100 g). Manganese, copper and zinc were substantially low. The results revealed low levels of tannin (< 1.7%) and phylates (< 0.3%). The presence of substantial amounts of nutrients and low anti-nutrients revealed that the studied species may be potential sources of nutritional food. Keywords: Proximate analysis, mineral nutrients, anti-nutritional qualities, Grewia species, Kitapilimwa Forest Reserve

scholarly journals Proximate composition of red and black finger millet (Eleusine coracana) varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
M. H. Bot ◽  
G. S. Bawa ◽  
J. J. Omage ◽  
P. A. Onimisi ◽  
D. Y. Bot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Eleusine Coracana ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract

The aim of determining the proximate composition of red and black finger millet/Tamba (Eleusine coracana) varieties was to ascertain their nutritional composition and their ability to be used as feed ingredients. The finger millets used in this experiment were purchased from local markets in Ganawuri of Plateau and Manchok in Kaduna States and were subjected to proximate analysis. The results revealed that the millets contained Dry Matter – 88.48 and 87.55 %; Crude Protein (CP) – 13.98 and 13.14 %; Ether Extract (EE) – 3.70 and 3.10 %; Crude Fiber (CF) – 6.67 and 7.02 %; Ash – 4.90 and 4.36 %; Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE) – 59.22 and 59.84 % for the red and black finger millets, respectively. Based on these results, it can be concluded that finger millet is a nutritious feed resource irrespective of the variety and can be incorporated into animal feed in the livestock industry. It is recommended for farmers to use the crop by incorporating into livestock feed because of its rich proximate composition.   L'objectif de la détermination de la composition immédiate des variétés de mil rouge et noir / Tamba (Eleusinecoracana) était de vérifier leur composition nutritionnelle et leur capacité à être utilisées comme ingrédients alimentaires. Des variétés de mil rouge et noir utilisées dans cette expérience ont été achetées aux marchés locaux de Ganawuri de l'état de Plateau et de Manchok del'état de Kaduna et ont été soumises à une analyse immédiate. Les résultats ont révélé que les variétés de mil contenaient de la matière sèche - 88,48 et 87,55% ; Protéine Brute (PB) –13,98 et 13,14% ; Extrait d'éther (EE) –3,70 et 3,10% ; le 'crude fibre' (CF) –6,67 et 7,02% ; Cendres – 4,90 et 4,36% ; Extrait sans azote (le 'NFE') –59,22 et 59,84% pour les mil rouges et noirs, respectivement. Sur la base de ces résultats, on peut conclure que le mil rouge et noir est une ressource alimentaire nutritive quelle que soit la variété et peut être incorporée dans l'alimentation animale dans l'industrie de l'élevage. Il est recommandé aux agriculteurs d'utiliser la culture en l'incorporant dans l'alimentation du bétail en raison de sa riche composition immédiate.

scholarly journals Proximate, phytochemical screening and mineral analysis of Crescentia cujete L. leaves

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Musbau B. Olaniyi ◽  
Ibraheem O. Lawal ◽  
Aishat A. Olaniyi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Mineral Compositions ◽  
Crescentia Cujete ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

Background: One of the uses of Crescentia cujete leaves is in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, which necessitated the evaluation of its chemical composition.Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the chemical composition of C. cujete leaves.Setting: Fresh, mature leaves were harvested from the Herbal Garden, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Jericho Hill, Ibadan, Nigeria. The plant samples were identified at Forest Herbarium, Ibadan, Nigeria, sorted to eliminate extraneous matter and then air-dried on a cabinet dryer for five days at ambient temperature and oven-dried at 40°C for five minutes. The dried leaves were milled to powder using a medium-sized milling machine and stored in an air-tight container until needed for analysis.Methods: The proximate composition, phytochemical screening and mineral analysis were determined using standard analytic methods. Minerals such as iron, zinc, calcium, manganese and magnesium were determined by the atomic absorption spectrophotometer; sodium and potassium by the flame photometer and phosphorus by the spectrophotometer.Results: The proximate analysis results revealed that the samples contained carbohydrate (40.46%), crude protein (16.15%), crude fibre (19.71%), crude fat (2.91%), ash (9.77%) and moisture (11.03%), while the phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of cardiac glycosides, saponins, tannins, anthraquinones and flavonoids. The mineral compositions (mg/g) decreased in the order Ca (6.0) > K (5.0) > Mg (2.2) > P (1.5) > Na (0.2) > Fe = Zn (0.6) > Cu = Mn (0.03).Conclusion: These results conceivably indicate that C. cujete is a good source of essential minerals and phyto-nutrients which possess strong pharmacological activities, providing scientific credence for its therapeutic usage in folklore medicine.

scholarly journals Phytochemical, Proximate and Mineral Analysis of Different Parts of Senna Alata Linn

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Okeke U.C. ◽  
Okeke N.P. ◽  
Orji N.M. ◽  
Mbaukwu A.O. ◽  
Iroka F.C.
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Senna Alata ◽  
Potassium Magnesium ◽  
Iron And Calcium ◽  
Different Parts

This study was carried out to determine the phytochemical and proximate composition of the flowers, leaves, stem and root of Senna alata. The phytochemical analysis result revealed that saponin was highest in the leaf (4.13±0.035), flavonoid was higher in the stem (6.63±0.064) while anthraquinone was highest in the root (4.52±0.438). The result of the proximate analysis showed that carbohydrate was higher in the leaf (33.81±0.827), root (50.52±1.945) and flower (55.67±0.021). The result of the mineral composition showed that the leaf, root, flower and stem extract of S. alata were higher in potassium (779.01±0.276, 556.39±0.198, 1121.85±0.141, and 246.29±0.042). The results obtained from this research revealed that the leaves, roots, flowers and stem of Senna alata Linn were rich in crude fibre, crude protein, carbohydrate, potassium, magnesium, iron and calcium. That is, well-processed parts of Senna alata may improve the health status of livestock.

scholarly journals Evaluation of phytochemical and nutritional potential of Talinum triangulare (Jacq) leaf, stem and root on human health

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinyere Ilodibia ◽  
Ngozi Igboabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Cyanogenic Glycoside ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Talinum Triangulare ◽  
Standard Techniques ◽  
Nutritional Potential ◽  
Nutrient Compositions

Phytochemical and nutritional potentials of various parts (leaf, stem and root) of Talinum triangulare were evaluated using standard techniques. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed in data analysis. All the parts of the species were found to contain nutrient compositions in varying levels. Dry matter and carbohydrate were highest in the stem (91.69±0.12 and 68.66±0.01) respectively. Moisture, ash content and crude fibre were highest in the root (9.78±0.04, 17.53±0.11and 15.32±0.03) respectively while ether extract and crude protein were highest in the leaf (1.09±0.01 and 17.72±0.17) respectively. The results showed also varying quantities of the phytochemicals in the leaf, stem and root with some parts lacking some of the phytochemicals. The leaf contained the highest percentage of all the phytochemical investigated alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, sterol, Terpenoid, phenol and saponin (0.47±0.01, 0.26±0.00, 0.36±0.07, 0.03±0.01, 0.42±0.02, 0.02±0.01and 0.68±0.05 respectively. The root lacked sterol and phenol while stem lacked only phenol. The leaf, stem and root lacked cyanogenic glycoside. The results have indicated that these parts of the Talinum triangulare investigated are very nutritious and possessed bioactive compounds that could be extracted for the manufacture of new drug, food supplements and also be used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of diseases.

scholarly journals Growth Performance and Feed Utilization of Clarias gariepinus (Teugels) Fed Different Dietary Levels of Soaked Bauhinia Monandra (Kutz) Seed Meal

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. I. Balogun ◽  
S. J. Oniye ◽  
J. Auta ◽  
C. A. M. Lakpini ◽  
F. O. Abeke
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Level Of Significance

This study was conducted to evaluate the suitability of soaked <em>Bauhinia monandra</em> (Kutz) seed as alternative protein source for <em>Clarias gariepinus</em> and to determine cost of feed compounded. The proximate analysis of the diet (crude protein, crude fibre, ash, moisture content and lipid) were determined using AOAC (1980). Data for each parameter was subjected to one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) while means of various results were compared at 5% level of significance. A preliminary study was conducted to determine the best processing method that reduced anti-nutrients to the minimum level without impairing nutrients composition. Boiled, toasted and soaked seeds were used. <em>Bauhinia</em> seeds soaked for 96 hours had least concentration of anti-nutrients. The experimental diets was formulated to contain soaked <em>Bauhinia</em> seed meal (SBSM) at levels of 25%, 50% and 75% inclusion (Diets 2, 3 and 4 respectively)  with two diets acting as control (Diets 1 and 5). All diets were isonitrogenous (40% crude protein) and isocaloric (3212kcal/kg). A 12 weeks feeding trial was conducted using juveniles which were randomly distributed into 12 improvised non-recirculatory and semi-flow through indoor plastic tanks (52cm X 34cm X 33.5cm) at a stocking rate of 10 fish per tank and three (3) replicates per treatment. The experimental design was complete randomized. The fish were fed at 5% body weight, twice daily. Diets with higher inclusion levels of SBSM (diets 3 and 4) significantly depressed growth performance of fish. The variations observed in the Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Feed Efficiency Ratio (FER) and Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) were associated with the anti-nutrients present in the diets, these parameters reduced with increasing levels of SBSM in the diets of fish. Based on the relative cost of diets per unit weight gain and protein gain, diet 2 (25% SBSM) was most economical. The results suggested that SBSM can be used to substitute up to 25% levels of dietary protein in <em>C. gariepinus</em> juveniles without significant reduction in growth.

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