scholarly journals Effect of Heroin on Liver and Kidney Functions

2020 ◽  
pp. 204-215
Author(s):  
Aalaa Desoky Ahmad Abohamar ◽  
Wesam Abd El Salam Ghareeb ◽  
Gihan Farouk Attia ◽  
El Sayed Abd El Hamied Gad
Keyword(s):  
Severity Index ◽  
Addiction Severity Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Heroin Addicts ◽  
Heroin Use ◽  
Albumin Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Renal Functions ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and Aim: Drug use disorders are serious health issues with a significant burden for individuals affected and their families. There are also significant costs to society including lost productivity, security challenges and crime. Heroin has the highest dependence, tolerance and withdrawal score. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of heroin on liver and renal functions. Materials and Methods: This comparative case - control study was carried out on 60 males aged from 15 to 45 years old at the Department of Neuropsychiatry and the Center of Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Tanta University, Egypt from March 2019 through April 2020. Patients group: 30 patients with heroin use disorders diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria with history of smoking. Control group: thirty smoker persons were taken as a control group matching with patients group. All participants were subjected to: History taking, physical examination and investigations including liver and renal function tests, urine drug screening and psychometry by the addiction severity index scale. Results: Heroin addicts had significant elevation in liver enzyme (Aspartate and Alanine transaminase) and alkaline phosphatase (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between heroin group and control regarding Albumin/Globulin ratio, Prothrombin Time, International Normalized Ratio and bilirubin level. Heroin addicts had significant elevation in blood urea, serum creatinine and Albumin/Creatinine ratio (P <0.001). There was significant decrease in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in heroin group in comparison to control group (p<0.001). Positive correlation with statistical significance between (dose of heroin in grams, duration of use of heroin and severity index of addiction) and (liver functions and renal functions) in patient group. Conclusion: In heroin addicts, there was significant elevation in liver enzymes, ALP, Albumin/creatinine ratio, Urea and Creatinine and significant decrease in eGFR. The higher the dose of heroin use, the more the impairment of liver and renal functions. The longer the duration of heroin use,the more the deterioration of liver and renal functions. The more the severity index of addiction, the more the impairment of liver and renal functions.

scholarly journals Is there a relationship between sleep apnoea and microalbuminuria?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melek Cihanbeylerden ◽  
Melike Bağnu Yüceege
Keyword(s):  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Urinary Albumin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Microvascular Damage ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Albumin Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Introduction Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a cause of hypoxia, and the correlation between hypoxia and microvascular complications is well known. Microalbuminuria (MAU) is a marker for endovascular dysfunction and an indicator of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in the general population. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between microvascular damage and the metabolic complications of OSA based on the presence of MAU. Material and method Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) and microalbumin level were examined in patients with an apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) greater than 5/h (study group) and in patients with an AHI less than 5/h (control group). The exclusion criteria were other possible causes of MAU (hypertension, nephropathy, coronary artery disease, and severe thyroid dysfunction). Results Of 103 patients enrolled, 80 formed the group with OSA and 23 served as controls. According to the AHI values, the patients were divided into four groups as normal, mild, moderate and severe. There was no significant difference between the four groups in terms of the microalbumin level and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio. Conclusion In this study, no significant relationship was found between MAU and sleep apnoea.

scholarly journals Lack of Correlation between Periodontitis and Renal Dysfunction in Systemically Healthy Patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 008-018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Squariz Brotto ◽  
Regina Célia Vendramini ◽  
Iguatemy Lourenço Brunetti ◽  
Rosemary Adriana Chierici Marcantonio ◽  
Adriana Pelegrino Pinho Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Function ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Albumin Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth ◽  
Severe Periodontitis ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of this study was to assess a suggested association between periodontitis and renal insufficiency by assaying kidney disease markers. Methods: Variables used to diagnose periodontitis were: (i) probing pocket depth (PPD), (ii) attachment loss (AL), (iii) bleeding on probing (BOP), (iv) plaque index (PI) and (v) extent and severity index. Blood and urine were collected from 60 apparently healthy non-smokers (men and women), consisting of a test group of 30 subjects with periodontitis (age 46±6 yrs) and a control group of 30 healthy subjects (age 43±5 yrs). Kidney function markers (urea, creatinine, uric acid and albumin contents) were measured in the serum and urine. Also, the glomerular filtration rate was estimated from creatinine clearance, from the abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula and from the albumin : creatinine ratio in a 24–h sample of urine. Results: It was found that the control group had a greater mean number of teeth than the test group and that the two groups also differed in PPD, AL, BOP and PI, all these variables being higher in the test group (P=0.006). For the extent and severity index of both PPD and AL, the test group had much higher medians of both extent and severity than the control group (P=0.001). With regard to kidney function, none of the markers revealed a significant difference between the control and test groups and all measured values fell within the reference intervals. Conclusions: It is proposed that severe periodontitis is not associated with any alteration in kidney function. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:8-18)

Efficacy of Heroin-Assisted Treatment in Belgium: A Randomised Controlled Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Demaret ◽  
Etienne Quertemont ◽  
Géraldine Litran ◽  
Cécile Magoga ◽  
Clémence Deblire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Methadone Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heroin Addicts ◽  
Heroin Use ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Experimental Group

Background/Aims: Heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) can improve the condition of heroin addicts still using street heroin after a methadone treatment. In Belgium, a new trial compared the efficacy of a HAT to existing methadone maintenance treatment. Methods: In this randomised controlled trial, HAT was limited to 12 months. Participants were assessed every 3 months. They were responders if they showed improvement on the level of street heroin use, health or criminal involvement. Results: 74 participants were randomised in the trial. The experimental group (n = 36) counted 30% of responders more than the control group (n = 38) at each assessment point (p < 0.05), except at 12 months where the difference (11%) was no longer significant (p = 0.35). Still, after 12 months, participants in the experimental group reported significantly greater improvements (p < 0.05) than the control group on the level of street heroin use and on the level of physical and mental health. Both groups reported significantly less criminal acts after 12 months (p < 0.001), but with no significant difference between the groups. Conclusions: This trial confirms the short-term efficacy of HAT for severe heroin addicts, who already failed methadone treatment.

scholarly journals Correlation of Urinary Collagen IV: Urinary Albumin Ratio in the Prediction of Preeclampsia

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
Asma Ul-Hosna ◽  
Asma Rumanaz Shahid ◽  
AKM Mohiuddin Bhuyan ◽  
Hosna Zari Thamina ◽  
Mohammad Salman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Collagen Iv ◽  
Urinary Albumin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Albumin Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Albumin Ratio ◽  
Urinary Creatinine ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to assess the value of MA in the prediction of PE and also to compare urinary collagen IV with MA in this prediction. A total of 200 subjects (age 25±4 years, M±SC), were selected in their early pregnancy (10 to 14 weeks). Blood glucose, serum lipids, serum and urinary creatinine, urinary albumin and urinary collagen IV were measured in these subjects and they were followed up to the term for the possible development of PE, MA was defined by albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) above 32mg/g and high urinary collagen IV was defined by values above the cut-off point 2.54 ng/ml determined by the median value of the controls. The data were analyzed by grouping the subjects who developed PE in later stages of pregnancy (the PE group) and those who did not develop PE in later stages (the control group). Out of 200 subjects 94 were primigravida and 106 were multigravida. From the total subjects 16 developed PE, which shows a prevalence of about 8.4%. The PE group showed a relatively higher value of ACR as compared to control group. 106 subjects had MA out of which 13 developed PE. The sensitivity of ACR in predicting the development of PE was 80%, specificity 49.54%, PPV 12.69% and NPV 96.42%. Regarding urinary collagen IV the PE group showed no significant difference with the value of the control group. 103 subjects had high urinary collagen IV and out of them 11 developed PE. The sensitivity of high urinary collagen IV in prediction PE was found to have no significant difference with ACR in this respect. The data suggest the following conclusions:Early pregnancy levels of microalbuminuria and urinary collagen IV can be used as predictors of PE with high negative value.Urinary collagen IV has no added advantage over MA in this respect. Keywords : MA-Micro DOI: 10.3329/uhj.v5i2.4555 University Heart Journal Vol.5(2) July 2009 pp.59-62

scholarly journals Cytomegalovirus Infection as Risk of Atherogenic Lipid Profile in Iraqi Aborted Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Dalya Basil Hanna ◽  
Huda Jaber Waheed ◽  
Zahraa Qasim Ali ◽  
Maysaa Ali Abdul Khaleq
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Predictive Marker ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Significant Difference

Introducion: Atherosclerosis is a form of the cardiovascular diseases which may occur due to a chronic inflammatory reaction to endothelial damage caused by multiple causes which include infection by microorganisms like Cytomegalovirus (CMV). Methods: The present study aims to evaluate the effect of cytomegalovirus infection in patients and its relation to atherosclerosis and to measure the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) as a predictive marker for inflammatory process. A total of 30 women who were attending the Gynecology outpatient clinics and were suffering from abortion for first time or with recurrent abortion due to CMV infection were enrolled in the current study. For comparison, twenty blood samples were collected from healthy apparent women as a control group in this study. Serum MCP-1, IL-6 and CMV-IgM were measured by using ELISA technique. Lipid profile which includes total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) was measured by spectrophotometer. Results: The results of this study showed a significant difference in mean of IL-6 in patients was (570.67 ± 199.27) when compared to control group (pÃ0.0001). While there is no significant difference of MCP-1 level between patients and control group (P=0.134). And the results showed a significant elevation of cholesterol (P<0.05) and a highly significant elevation of triglyceride and LDL in CMV infected patients (P<0.01), while no elevation occurred in HDL values (P=0.977). Conclusion: According to the present data there is a correlation between CMV infection and atherosclerosis. Bangladesh J Medicine July 2020; 31(2) : 47-51

scholarly journals MICROALBUMINURIA;

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
Ghazanfar Ali Sandhu ◽  
Ghulam Abbas Tahir ◽  
Zaheer Ahmad ◽  
Aqeel Maqsood Anjum
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
T Test ◽  
Losartan Potassium ◽  
P Value ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Albumin Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference

Diabetes Mellitus is a rapidly increasing problem which is contributing tochronic illnesses like Cerebrovascular, Cardiovascular, Diabetic Retinopathy and End StageKidney Disease. These dreaded complications can be prevented if treated early. In patientswith diabetes mellitus type 2, microalbuminuria is an independent and strong risk factor forcardiovascular mortality & morbidity and diabetic nephropathy. If diagnosed early, diabeticnephropathy can be treated at this stage. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEInhibitors) and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) are effective in prevention and treatmentof microalbuminuria. Material & Methods: Study Design: randomized controlled trial. Setting:medical department, allied hospital, Faisalabad. Duration of study: Feb 2013 to July 2013.Sample size: 60 (30 in each group). Sampling technique: Non-probability consecutivesampling. Results: 60 patients were included in the study. 28(46.7%) were males and 32(53.3%)were females. Mean age of study population was 50.15±7.27 years. Albumin creatinine ratio(mcg/mg) at start of study was 193±67.5 in Losartan potassium group and 209.5±72.00 inlisinopril group (independent sample t-test p value=0.302). Albumin creatinine ratio (mcg/mg) at 12 weeks of study was 36.33±54.68 in Losartan potassium group and 72±83.42 inlisinopril group (independent sample t-test p value = 0.056). Paired sample t test applied toboth treatment groups and p value was found to be 0.0001 which is highly significant for bothgroups and shows that both drugs are effective in reducing microalbuminuria in both groups.Microalbuminuria was reduced significantly in 26 patients (86.7%) in Losartan potassiumgroup and 20 patients (66.7%) in lisinopril group (p-value=0.067). Conclusion: It has beenconcluded from this study that lisinopril and Losartan potassium, both significantly reducemicroalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus and there is no statistically significant difference inefficacy of these two drugs in reducing microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Video-Assisted Modified Ligation of the Intersphincteric Fistula Tract, an Integration of 2 Minimally Invasive Techniques for the Treatment of Parks Type II Anal Fistulas

2020 ◽  
pp. 155335062097802
Author(s):  
Yi-Feng Wu ◽  
Bi-Chun Zheng ◽  
Quan Chen ◽  
Xu-Dong Chen ◽  
Shao-Shun Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anal Fistula ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Fistula Tract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Anal Fistulas ◽  
Video Assisted ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intersphincteric Fistula

Introduction. Complex anal fistula (CAF) is a challenging anorectal condition. Although numerous treatments for its management have been proposed, none is ideal. Herein, we investigated the clinical efficacy of video-assisted modified ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT) in comparison with the incision-thread-drawing procedure for Parks type II anal fistulas. Methods. Male and female adult patients with Parks type II anal fistula who were randomized to receive one of two procedures in the Anorectal Surgery Unit of the Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University: video-assisted modified LIFT (test group, 30 cases) or incision thread drawing (control group, 30 cases). Healing and recurrence, postoperative pain, and postoperative autonomous anal control ability were compared. Results. In the test group, the pain scores were significantly lower ( P = .001) and wound healing was faster ( P = .001). However, there were no marked differences between groups in operative efficacy or postoperative infection rate (all P > .05). We followed all the patients for more than 18 months, with the test group having lower Jorge–Wexner incontinence ( P = .005) and fecal incontinence (FI) severity index ( P = .000) scores. No significant difference in recurrence ( χ2 = .351, P = .554) or healing ( χ2 = 1.071, P = .301) rate was found between the 2 groups. Conclusions. We established that video-assisted modified LIFT is superior in repairing Parks type II anal fistulas, with less trauma, quicker recovery, and better anal function.

Significance of urine albumin / creatinine ratio (UACR) and uric acid in women with preeclampsia and its comparison with healthy normotensive pregnant women in their third trimester

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Sonal Sogani ◽  
Vandana Varma ◽  
Purnima Dey Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Albumin Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Urine Albumin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urine Albumin Creatinine Ratio ◽  
New Onset

Objective. To determine the significance of urine albumin / creatinine ratio (UACR) as to predict proteinuria in new-onset hypertension and uric acid in women with preeclampsia and its comparison with healthy normotensive pregnant women. Methods. Healthy normotensive pregnant women (n = 45), women with preeclampsia (n = 36) were included in the study. The preeclamptic group was further divided into two subgroups: mild (n  =  25) and severe preeclampsia (n = 11). Results. Higher mean values of urine albumin / creatinine ratio (UACR) and uric acid were found in preeclamptic pregnant women (319.05 ± 247.56 mg/g, 5.98  ±  2.1  mg/dl) as compared to healthy normotensive pregnant women (22.15  ±  8.1  mg/g, 4.07  ±  0.91  mg/dl) in the third trimester with highly significant difference (p 

scholarly journals Women and addiction (alcohol and opiates): Comparative analysis of psychosocial aspects

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 648-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Raketic ◽  
Branka Stamatovic-Gajic ◽  
Tomislav Gajic ◽  
Mirjana Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Psychosocial Aspects ◽  
Addiction Severity Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Substance Addiction ◽  
Addiction Severity ◽  
Graphic Data

Introduction. Nowadays women constitute one third of all addicts. In the last decade, there has been a remarkable growth in scientific interest in biochemical and psychosocial aspects of women?s addiction. Many researches point out the specific character of women?s addiction. Objective. The aim of the study was to assess and compare psychosocial aspects, including the socio-demographic characteristics as well as the specific aspects of functioning of family and interpersonal relationships of the subjects addicted to opiates and alcohol. Methods. There were two substance addict groups (32 and 30 subjects addicted to drugs and alcohol, respectively) and the control group, consisting of 30 subjects (no substance addiction). A socio-demo- graphic data questionnaire and semi-structured Addiction Severity Index (ASI) interview were used. Results. The results of the research indicated that there were statistically significant differences between the compared groups in respect to the age of the subjects, family history of addiction disorders, education, parenthood, employment work status, and marital status. The subjects addicted to opiates differed significantly in respect to manifestation of aggressive, delinquent behaviour, infectious diseases, presence of addicts-partnerships, but there were no significant differences in relation to physical abuse, sexual abuse and self-assessment of depression. Conclusion. The results of this research suggest that subjects addicted to opiates differed largely from the subjects addicted to alcohol in terms of the age of the subjects, education level, family relationships, partnerships and social relationships, which all have to be taken into consideration when designing a therapy protocol and planning activities for prevention.

scholarly journals The Expression of miR-192 and Its Significance in Diabetic Nephropathy Patients with Different Urine Albumin Creatinine Ratio

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Ma ◽  
Canlu Lu ◽  
Chuan Lv ◽  
Can Wu ◽  
Qiuyue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Albumin Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Urine Albumin ◽  
Urine Albumin Creatinine Ratio

Objective. To investigate the expression of miR-192 and its significance in diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients.Methods. 464 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were divided into normal albuminuria group (NA,n=157), microalbuminuria group (MA,n=159), and large amount of albuminuria group (LA,n=148). 127 healthy persons were selected as the control group (NC,n=127). The serum miR-192 levels were detected by Real-Time PCR and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and fibronectin (FN) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relationships among these parameters were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.Results. The miR-192 in the LA group was significantly lower than other groups, which was lower in the MA group than in the NA group (P<0.01). The TGF-β1 and FN in the LA group were significantly higher than other groups, which were higher in the MA group than in the NA group (P<0.01). The expression of miR-192 was negatively correlated with TGF-β1, FN, and Ln (UACR) and miR-192, TGF-β1, and FN were independent relevant factors affecting Ln (UACR) in T2DM (P<0.01).Conclusions. These findings indicate that the levels of miR-192 were lower accompanied by the decrease of urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) and the association between miR-192 and nephritic fibrosis in DN.

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