Adjustment of Sampling Grids for Soil Penetration Resistance, Bulk Density, and Soil Moisture Mapping

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Martins ◽  
Ailton Oliveira ◽  
Leticia Machado ◽  
Fernando Santos ◽  
Wagner Siqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance

scholarly journals Modeling and correction of soil penetration resistance for variations in soil moisture and soil bulk density

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wininton M. da Silva ◽  
Aloísio Bianchini ◽  
Cesar A. da Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Good Representation ◽  
Soil Resistance ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Resistance Value

ABSTRACT This study aimed to describe the behavior of models for adjusting data of soil penetration resistance for variations in soil moisture and soil bulk density. The study was carried out in Lucas do Rio Verde, MT, Brazil in a typic dystrophic red-yellow Latosol (Oxisol) containing 0.366 kg kg−1 of clay. Soil penetration resistance measurements were conducted in the soil moistures of 0.33 kg kg−1, 0.28 kg kg−1, 0.25 kg kg−1 and 0.22 kg kg−1. Soil penetration resistance behavior due to variations in soil moisture and soil bulk density was assessed by estimating the soil resistance values by non-linear models. There was an increase of the soil penetration resistance values as soil was losing moisture. For the same edaphic condition studied, small differences in the data of soil bulk density affect differently the response of soil resistance as a function of moisture. Both soil bulk density and soil moisture are essential attributes to explain the variations in soil penetration resistance in the field. The good representation of the critical soil bulk density curve as a limiting compression indicator requires the proper choice of the restrictive soil resistance value for each crop.

scholarly journals Data Grouping Method for the Purpose of Forecasting the Mechanical Strength of Plastic Soils

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 578
Author(s):  
Dariusz Błażejczak ◽  
Jan Jurga ◽  
Jarosław Pytka
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Data Grouping

The aim of this work was to develop a method of data grouping (DGM) that enables the selection of regression equations for forecasting soil penetration resistance based on an easily available and small set of input data: soil moisture content, soil bulk density and the grain size distribution of the soil. Models for forecasting the penetration resistance were created by selecting regression equations for specific intervals of granulometric variability of soil fractions. A field measurements campaign was conducted and soil samples were taken from the subsoil on 43 profiles, at depths of 25–30, 35–40, 45–50 and 55–60 cm. It was found that the dry bulk density is much less useful for predicting the penetration resistance of plastic soils than soil moisture. The study also showed that it is possible to forecast the soil penetration resistance on the basis of the gravimetric moisture content and the soil specific surface.

scholarly journals Effect of Moldboard Plow Types on Soil Physical Properties Under Different Soil Moisture Content and Tractor Speed

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Aqeel J. Nassir
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Porosity ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Moldboard Plow

An experiment was conducted in fields of Agriculture college, University  of Basrah. The experiment was designed with split-spilt plots in Complete Randomized Blocks Design Treatments included three types of moldboard plows: helical,  semi digger and general –purpose, three soil moisture content levels (10.23,16.47 and 24.68%), and four tractor speed of 0.41, 0.56, 0.86 and 1.21 m sec -1  . The soil  physical properties were determined after plowing soil by using three types of moldboard plow. The results showed that there was significant effect of moldboard plow types, soil moisture content and tractor speed on soil physical properties including bulk density, soil porosity, soil penetration resistance and pulverization ratio. Results also indicated that the effect of interaction among plow types, soil moisture content and tractor speed was significantly on soil penetration resistance and pulverization ratios while it had not significantly effect on bulk density, soil porosity. In general, soil physical properties, had been improved when using high tractor speed and moderate soil moisture content whereas optimal operation was obtained when using general-purpose plow type and  high tractor speed of 1.12 m sec -1 and soil moisture content of 16.47% where this combination gives low bulk density (0.96Mg m-3), high soil porosity (63.90%) high soil pulverization ratio (74%) and low soil penetration resistance (623.47 kN m-2).

scholarly journals Tahanan Penetrasi Tanah Terhadap Penekanan Plat Dengan Sudut Penekanan dan Ukuran Plat yang Berbeda di Sawah

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-243
Author(s):  
Taufik Rizaldi ◽  
Sumono Sumono
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Plate Size ◽  
Measuring Plate

Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Lubuk Bayas Kecapamatan Perbaungan Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai pada lahan sawah bertekstur lempung berpasir dengan kadar air 49.17% dan dry bulk density 1.26 g/cm3. Tahanan penetrasi tanah ditentukan melalui pengukuran tahanan penetrasi plat dengan menggunakan penetrometer secara langsung di sawah. Pengukuran dilakukan dengan ukuran plat 5x5 cm2, 5x10 cm2, 5x15 cm2 dan 5x20 cm2. Sudut penekanan 90o, 75o, 60o, 45o, 30o dan kedalaman penekanan 4 cm, 8 cm, 12 cm, 16 cm dan 20 cm. Dari hasil pengukuran diperoleh bahwa semakin besar ukuran plat maka gaya penekanan semakin besar namun tahanan penetrasi tanah semakin kecil. Sedangkan semakin dalam plat masuk ke tanah maka tahanan penetrasi tanah semakin besar. Semakin besar sudut penekanan tahanan penetrasi tanah semakin besar. Untuk ukuran plat, sudut tekan dan kedalaman penekanan plat yang sama pada kedalaman lumpur yang berbeda akan menghasilkan gaya penekanan dan tahanan penetrasi tanah yang berbeda. The study was conducted in Lubuk Bayas Village, Perbaungan Subdistrict, Serdang Bedagai District, in paddy fields with sandy clay texture with a water content of 49.17% and dry bulk density of 1.26 g / cm3. Soil penetration resistance iwas determined by measuring plate penetration resistance using a penetrometer directly in the rice field. Measurements were made with a plate size of 5x5 cm2, 5x10 cm2, 5x15 cm2 and 5x20 cm2. The angle of emphasis was 90o, 75o, 60o, 45o, 30o and the depth of emphasis was 4 cm, 8 cm, 12 cm, 16 cm and 20 cm. Results showed that the larger the plate size found, the greater the compressive force, but the penetration resistance of the soil got smaller. Whereas the deeper the plate entered the ground, the greater the penetration resistance of the soil occurred. The greater the angle of suppression the greater the penetration penetration of the soil. For the plate size, the pressure angle and depth of the same plate compression at different mud depths will result in a different force of suppression and soil penetration resistance.

Soil compaction under varying rest periods and levels of mechanical disturbance in a rotational grazing system

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 957-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Halde ◽  
A. M. Hammermeister ◽  
N. L. Mclean ◽  
K. T. Webb ◽  
R. C. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Intensive Treatment ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Grazing System

Halde, C., Hammermeister, A. M., McLean, N. L., Webb, K. T. and Martin, R. C. 2011. Soil compaction under varying rest periods and levels of mechanical disturbance in a rotational grazing system. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 957–964. In Atlantic Canada, data are limited regarding the effect of grazing systems on soil compaction. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of intensive and extensive rotational pasture management treatments on soil bulk density, soil penetration resistance, forage productivity and litter accumulation. The study was conducted on a fine sandy loam pasture in Truro, Nova Scotia. Each of the eight paddocks was divided into three rotational pasture management treatments: intensive, semi-intensive and extensive. Mowing and clipping were more frequent in the intensive than in the semi-intensive treatment. In the extensive treatment, by virtue of grazing in alternate rotations, the rest period was doubled than that of the intensive and semi-intensive treatments. Both soil bulk density (0–5 cm) and penetration resistance (0–25.5 cm) were significantly higher in the intensive treatment than in the extensive treatment, for all seasons. Over winter, bulk density decreased significantly by 6.8 and 3.8% at 0–5 and 5–10 cm, respectively. A decrease ranging between 40.5 and 4.0% was observed for soil penetration resistance over winter, at 0–1.5 cm and 24.0–25.5 cm, respectively. The intensive and semi-intensive treatments produced significantly more available forage for grazers annually than the extensive treatment. Forage yields in late May to early June were negatively correlated with spring bulk density.

Scaling the Dependency of Soil Penetration Resistance on Water Content and Bulk Density of Different Soils

2013 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 1488-1495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos M. P. Vaz ◽  
Juliana M. Manieri ◽  
Isabella C. de Maria ◽  
Martinus Th. van Genuchten
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Different Soils

scholarly journals Penetration resistance according to penetration rate, cone base size and different soil conditions

Bragantia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Dias Valadão Junior ◽  
Aloísio Biachini ◽  
Franciele Caroline Assis Valadão ◽  
Rodrigo Pengo Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Penetration Rate ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Density Reduction ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Base Size ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Resistance To Penetration

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of penetration rate and the size of the cone base on the resistance to penetration under different soil moistures and soil bulk density. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4x2x2x2 factorial arrangement, with the factors, soil bulk density of 1.0; 1.2; 1.4 and 1.6 Mg m-3, soil moisture at the evaluation of 0.16 and 0.22 kg kg-1, penetration rates of 0.166 and 30 mm s-1 and areas of the cone base of 10.98 and 129.28 mm² resulting in 32 treatments with 8 replicates. To ensure greater uniformity and similarity to field conditions, samples passed through cycles of wetting and drying. Only the interaction of the four factors was not significant. Resistance values varied with the density of the soil, regardless of moisture and penetration rate. Soil penetration resistance was influenced by the size of the cone base, with higher values for the smallest base independent of moisture and soil bulk density. The relationship between resistance to penetration and moisture is not always linear, once it is influenced by soil bulk density. Reduction in the area of the cone leads to an increase in the soil resistance to penetration.

scholarly journals A Study of Some Physical Properties of Two Different Soil Textures Planted with Conocarpus Trees (Conocarpuslancifolius. Engl)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-145
Author(s):  
Nuhad S. S. AL- Wali ◽  
Kawthar A. AL- Mosawi
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Unplanted Soil ◽  
Mean Weight Diameter

This research has been conducted to study the effect of Conocarpus trees and their roots on some of soilphysical properties. The soil physical properties are moisture content , bulk density , total porosity , mean weight diameter (dry sieveing) and soil penetration resistance . Some soil samples are collected from two locations :the first location is Agric. College research, Garmat Ali, stations , Basra university , and the second location isZuwber province farm . The soil texture of the first location is silty clay which is classified as fine clay mixed Calcarioushy perthermictypictorrifluvent, while the soil texture of  the second location is sandy loam. This soil is classified with in species Entisol and under species psamments and high group , underhigh group and family (Typictorripsamments, Calcarious Mixed Hyperthermic).  The soil samples are collected from two soil depths( 0 – 30 and 30 – 60) from both locations are planted with Conocarpus trees, their ages ranged between 4 to 5 years . The trees height is 2.5 – 3.0 m . Another soil samples are also collected from unplanted soil  with Conocarpus trees. The results reveated that the silty clay soil is significantly surpassed the sandy loam soil in moisture content and mean weight diameter by a percentage of 68.76% and 32.91% respectively . Whereas, the bulk density and soil penetration resistance decreased , while the total porosity of the silty clay soil as compared with sandy loam soil .For unplanted soil, moisture content, the bulk density and the soil penetration resistance are increased as compared with planted soil . The soil depth (30 – 60)cm is surpassed soil depth of ( 0- 30)cm in giving higher values of moisture content andbulk density whereas it does not significantly affect the mean weight diameter and  soil penetration resistance .

scholarly journals Impact of recreational transformation of soil physical properties on micromolluscs in an urban park

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
V. S. Budakova ◽  
N. V. Yorkina ◽  
P. M. Telyuk ◽  
A. K. Umerova ◽  
O. M. Kunakh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Feature Space ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Urban Park ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance

The paper assesses the effect of transformation of soil physical properties on the abundance of micromolluscs in the conditions of an urban park. The studies were carried out in Novooleksandrivskiy Park (Melitopol, Ukraine). An experimental polygon was represented by 7 transects with 18 sampling points in each. The interval between the points in the transect, as well as the interval between transects, was 3 meters. The total area of the polygon was 1,134 m2. The tree species growing within the polygon were Quercus robur, Sophora japonica, and Acer campestre. Shrubs were represented by Ulmus laevis, Tilia cordata, Celtis occidentalis, and Morus nigra. The locations of the trees and shrubs were mapped. The crowns of tree and shrub plants formed a dense canopy and a shady light regime. The grass cover was practically absent. The soil mechanical resistance, soil aggregate-size distribution, electrical conductivity of soil, soil moisture and bulk density were measured. We recorded 618 individuals of Vallonia pulchella, 120 individuals of Cochlicopa lubrica, and 58 individuals of Acanthinula aculeata within the surveyed polygon. We extracted three principal components, which could explain 60.9% of the variation in the feature space of the soil properties. The principal component 1 explained 42.0% of the variation of the feature space and depended on the soil penetration resistance throughout the whole profile, aggregate composition, density, electric conductivity and moisture content of soil. This component reflected a tendency for soil penetration resistance and soil density to increase near recreational trails. The principal component 1 was used to indicate the gradient of recreational transformation of the soil. The principal component 2 was able to explain 10.6% of the variation in the feature space. It negatively correlated with the distance from the recreational trail, soil penetration resistance at the depth of 35 cm or more, soil electrical conductivity, and the proportion of aggregates greater than 3 mm in size. This component positively correlated with soil penetration resistance at 0–5 cm depth and the proportion of aggregates less than 0.5 mm in size. This component can be interpreted as a "halo" from the recreational trail, or a gradient of indirect soil transformations adjacent to the zone of intense recreational load. The principal component 3 was able to explain 8.3% of the variation in the feature space. It positively correlated with soil penetration resistance at the depth of 20–40 cm, the proportion of 0.5–7.0 mm aggregates, and soil moisture. It negatively correlated with the proportion of aggregates larger than 7 mm and smaller than 0.25 mm. This component indicated a variation in soil properties that was induced by causes independent of recreational exposure. The extracted gradients of soil properties significantly influenced the abundance of micromollusc populations. The abundance of all species decreased after increase in recreational load. Micromollusc species responded to direct recreational exposure as plateau (C. lubrica) and asymmetric unimodal responses (V. pulchella and A. aculeata).

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