scholarly journals The effect of TiO2 Nanoparticles in Epoxy Paint Formulation on Metal Surfaces

2021 ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
Le Huy Hai ◽  
Le Mai Xuan Truc ◽  
Nguyen Quoc Trung
Keyword(s):  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Paint Film ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Paint Formulation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Good Coating ◽  
Epoxy Paint

Currently, epoxy paint is being widely used in the industry. Nanotechnology can create many small nanometer-sized materials with many applications, it has brought many outstanding properties to epoxy paints. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles in epoxy paint formulation towards metal surface. We created a sample of two-component epoxy paint, part A is epoxy resin, anti-sedimentation, dispersant substance, foam breaking agent, cover substance, solvent, other additives, and part B is a curing agent for epoxy resins.  Methods of analyzing the properties of the epoxy paint film are based on Vietnam standards. TiO2 nanoparticles are a good coating substance in epoxy paint. The study results showed that TiO2 nanoparticles have increased the properties of the epoxy paint film, improving the Impact and Glossy of the epoxy paint film. TiO2 nanoparticles increases from 1% to 6% by weight, the impact increased by about 18.75%.  (80 to 96 kg.cm), Glossy 600 increased by about 12.79% (80 to 97). Adding TiO2 nanoparticles to epoxy paint has increased Impact and Glossy for the paint film. The higher the rate of TiO2 nanoparticles, the better the properties of the epoxy paint film. Therefore, TiO2 nanoparticles are a good coating in epoxy paint, it improves the properties of the paint film. Because the cost of nanomaterials is higher than that of normal coating materials, the nanomaterial should only be added with a ratio of about 2-5% by weight.

scholarly journals The effect of SiO2 nanoparticles in polyurethane paint formulation on metal surfaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 031-036
Author(s):  
Le Huy Hai
Keyword(s):  
Metal Surfaces ◽  
Paint Film ◽  
Sio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Paint Formulation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Good Coating

Polyurethane (PU) paint is being widely used in industry and life. Currently, nanotechnology can create a variety of materials as small as nanometers with many applications, it has brought many outstanding properties to PU paint. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of SiO2 nanoparticles in PU paint formulation on metal surfaces. We created a sample of two-component PU paint, part A is Desmophen A-160, Bentone 34, BYK 066, Disper 710S, Foamex N, Airex 900, TiO2, SiO2 nanoparticles, BaSO4, Cloparafin, Xylen, Thinner 132, Desmodur N75, and part B is a curing agent Desmodur N75. Methods of analyzing the properties of the PU paint film are based on Vietnam standards. The study results showed that SiO2 nanoparticles have increased the properties of the PU paint film, improving the Impact and Glossy of the PU paint film. SiO2 nanoparticles increase from 1% to 6% by weight, the Impact increased by about 21.62% (74 to 90 kg.cm), Glossy 600 increased by about 13.75% (80 to 91). SiO2 nanoparticles are a good coating substance in PU paint, it improves the properties of the paint film, it increases the Impact and Glossy for the paint film. The higher the rate of SiO2 nanoparticles, the better the properties of the PU paint film. Because the cost of nanomaterials is higher than that of normal coating materials, the nanomaterial should only be added with a ratio of about 2-4% by weight.

scholarly journals Influence of TiO2 Nanocrystals on Alkyd Resin Paint Films to Protect Metals

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Le Huy Hai ◽  
Le Mai Xuan Truc ◽  
Nguyen Quoc Trung
Keyword(s):  
Alkyd Resin ◽  
Paint Film ◽  
Powder Coating ◽  
Nano Tio2 ◽  
Actual Equipment ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Tio2 Nanomaterials ◽  
Paint Films ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Aim and Objectives: Nowadays, nanomaterials technology is developing very quickly and bringing high economic efficiency for many industries including paint. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of paint properties when replacing TiO2 powder coating with nano TiO2 at different ratios. Materials and Methods: The research method is selecting the traditional alkyd paint formula, then replacing this coating powder TiO2 with nano TiO2 to monitor the properties of the paint film over time. Methods of analyzing the properties of the paint film are based on Vietnam standards. Results: The study results showed that TiO2 coating powder replaced by TiO2 nanomaterials has increased the properties of the paint film, improving the thickness, gloss, and durability of the paint film. Nano TiO2 increases from 0.5% to 24% by weight, the impact increased by about 11% (73 to 82 kg.cm), Glossy 60° increased by about 12%, Glossy 85° increased by about 12%, especially the durability of paint film over time increased nearly double. Nano TiO2 is a more expensive material than TiO2, so it should replace less than 4% by weight to increase the quality of the paint film, this ratio is changed according to the actual equipment requirements. Conclusions: The higher the rate of replacing TiO2 materials with TiO2 nano, the better the properties of the paint film. Therefore, nano-material TiO2 is a good coating in alkyd resin for metal paint, it improves the properties of paint film better than TiO2 material.

scholarly journals Effect of Urea-Formaldehyde (UF) with Waterborne Emulsion Microcapsules on Properties of Waterborne Acrylic Coatings Based on Coating Process for American Lime

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxing Yan ◽  
Wenting Zhao ◽  
Xingyu Qian
Keyword(s):  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Paint Film ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Waterborne Coatings ◽  
Aging Resistance ◽  
Acrylic Coatings ◽  
Waterborne Emulsion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Good Coating

The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of urea-formaldehyde (UF) with waterborne emulsion microcapsules on the optical, mechanical and aging resistance properties of waterborne coatings from the perspective of coating process. In this paper, the microcapsules were prepared with UF resin as the wall materials and waterborne emulsion as the core materials. Based on the coating process, the optical, mechanical and aging resistance properties of the waterborne acrylic coatings with microcapsules for American lime were tested. The good coating process is three layers of primer, two layers of topcoat, and adding microcapsules into primer. The results showed that the coating process had little effect on the color difference of the paint film with microcapsules, the gloss of the paint film prepared by the good coating process was basically not changed, and the mechanical properties of the paint film were good. At this time, the hardness grade of the paint film was 3H, the adhesion was grade 0, the impact resistance was 110.0 N·cm−2, and the elongation at break was 29.7%. The microcapsules added to the primer had better liquid resistance than those added to the topcoat. The paint film had good stability and aging resistance, and could inhibit the generation of microcracks to a certain extent. The paint film prepared by the good coating process had better comprehensive performance. This work provides a technical reference for self-healing of the waterborne coatings on American lime.

Using regulatory fit in cost reduction announcements

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Diefenbach ◽  
Benedikt Schnellbächer ◽  
Sven Heidenreich
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Focus ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Employee Motivation ◽  
Regulatory Fit ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Regulatory Fit Theory ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whether and how the usage of regulatory fit in cost reduction announcements affects employees’ willingness to engage in the cost reduction program (CRP). Design/methodology/approach Based on the regulatory fit theory, a scenario-based experiment was conducted (n = 517) to investigate the effect of promotion- or prevention-oriented framing of the CRP on the acceptance and the motivation to actively contribute to the CRP using multiple ANOVAs. Findings The study results point out that the framing of the cost announcement messages should use feelings or emotions and ensure gains for promotion-focused employees to decrease the negative effects of regulatory nonfit. However, in the case of prevention-focused employees, facts and reasons should be used in combination with an assertion of nonlosses in the announcement message to prevent regulatory nonfit. Research limitations/implications This research deepens the understanding on the decision-influencing role of managerial cost announcements on employee motivation and the impact of different regulatory orientations. By this, the authors enhance the current understanding of how employees can effectively be integrated into CRPs and expand previous research on how regulatory fit theory can be used by organizations dealing with negative events. Practical implications The study findings offer several opportunities and implications for managers engaged in corporate communication. More specifically, the study findings provide helpful guidelines for organizations to align their cost reduction announcement with the regulatory focus of their employees to reach regulatory fit and thus enhance employee willingness to participate in the CRP. Originality/value Despite the increasing attention of regulatory focus and regulatory fit theory and to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first attempt to search for combined effects of emotions and facts versus potential gains and ensuring nonlosses, which both were shown to influence outcomes predicted by regulatory fit.

scholarly journals The weather behind words – new methodologies for integrated hydrometeorological reconstruction through documentary sources

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1303-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador Gil-Guirado ◽  
Juan José Gómez-Navarro ◽  
Juan Pedro Montávez
Keyword(s):  
Small Towns ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Climate Signal ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Historical Climatology ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Historical climatology has remarkable potentialities to produce climatic reconstructions with high temporal resolution. However, some methodological limitations hinder the spatial development of this discipline. This study presents a new approach to historical climatology that overcomes some of the limitations of classical approaches, such as the rogation method or content analysis: the Cost Opportunity for Small Towns (COST). It analyses historic documents and takes advantage of all sorts of meteorological information available in written documents, and not only the severest events, to therefore overcome the most prominent bottlenecks of former approaches. COST relies on the fact that using paper is very costly, so its use to describe meteorological conditions is hypothesised as being proportional to the impact they had on society. To prove the validity of this approach to reconstruct climate conditions, this article exemplarily uses the Municipal Chapter Acts of a small town in southern Spain (Caravaca de la Cruz), which span the 1600–1900 period, and allows reconstructions to be obtained on a monthly basis. Using the same documentary source, the three approaches were used to derive respective climate reconstructions, which were then compared to assess climate signal consistency and to identify possible caveats in the methods. The three approaches led to a generally coherent series of secular variability in the hydrological conditions, which agrees well with previous study results. The COST approach is arguably more objective and less affected by changes in societal behaviour, which allows it to perform comparative studies in regions with different languages and traditions.

Demonstrating Nutrient Cost Gradients: A Brooklyn Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Karp ◽  
Gary Wong ◽  
Marguerite Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Introduction: Foods dense in micronutrients are generally more expensive than those with higher energy content. These cost-differentials may put low-income families at risk of diminished micronutrient intake. Objectives: We sought to determine differences in the cost for iron, folate, and choline in foods available for purchase in a low-income community when assessed for energy content and serving size. Methods: Sixty-nine foods listed in the menu plans provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for low-income families were considered, in 10 domains. The cost and micronutrient content for-energy and per-serving of these foods were determined for the three micronutrients. Exact Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons of energy costs; Spearman rho tests for comparisons of micronutrient content. Ninety families were interviewed in a pediatric clinic to assess the impact of food cost on food selection. Results: Significant differences between domains were shown for energy density with both cost-for-energy (p < 0.001) and cost-per-serving (p < 0.05) comparisons. All three micronutrient contents were significantly correlated with cost-for-energy (p < 0.01). Both iron and choline contents were significantly correlated with cost-per-serving (p < 0.05). Of the 90 families, 38 (42 %) worried about food costs; 40 (44 %) had chosen foods of high caloric density in response to that fear, and 29 of 40 families experiencing both worry and making such food selection. Conclusion: Adjustments to USDA meal plans using cost-for-energy analysis showed differentials for both energy and micronutrients. These differentials were reduced using cost-per-serving analysis, but were not eliminated. A substantial proportion of low-income families are vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies.

EIS study of the corrosion behavior of an organic coating applied on Algerian oil tanker

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 610
Author(s):  
Nadia Hammouda ◽  
Kamel Belmokre
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Protection ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Paint Film ◽  
Organic Coating ◽  
Diffusion Resistance ◽  
Double Layer Capacitance ◽  
Carbon Steel Surface ◽  
Chloride Environment ◽  
Oil Tanker ◽  
Epoxy Paint

Organic coatings are widely employed in the corrosion protection of most metal surfaces, particularly steel. They provide a barrier against corrosive species present in the environment, due to their high resistance to oxygen, water and ions transport. This study focuses on the evaluation of corrosion protection performance of epoxy paint on the carbon steel surface in chloride environment (3% NaCl) by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The electrochemical behavior of painted surface was estimated by EIS parameters that contained paint film resistance, paint film capacitance and double layer capacitance. On the basis of calculation using EIS spectrums it was observed that pore resistance (Rpore) decreased with the appearance of doubled layer capacitance (Cdl) due to the electrolyte penetration through the film. This was further confirmed by the decrease of diffusion resistance (Rd) which was also the indicator of the deterioration of paint film protectiveness. Microscopic analyses have shown that oxidation dominates the corroded surfaces.

Income Diversification and Bank Efficiency in Vietnam

2017 ◽  
pp. 52-67
Author(s):  
Sang Nguyen Minh
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Commercial Banking ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

This study uses the DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) method to estimate the technical efficiency index of 34 Vietnamese commercial banks in the period 2007-2015, and then it analyzes the impact of income diversification on the operational efficiency of Vietnamese commercial banks through a censored regression model - the Tobit regression model. Research results indicate that income diversification has positive effects on the operational efficiency of Vietnamese commercial banks in the research period. Based on study results, in this research some recommendations forpolicy are given to enhance the operational efficiency of Vietnam’s commercial banking system.

TRANSFER FİYATLAMA UYGULAMASININ İŞLETME PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ VE VERGİSEL AÇIDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Serdar KUZU
Keyword(s):  
Business Performance ◽  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
International Transactions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The size of international trade continues to extend rapidly from day to day as a result of the globalization process. This situation causes an increase in the economic activities of businesses in the trading area. One of the main objectives of the cost system applied in businesses is to be able to monitor the competitors and the changes that can be occured as a result of the developments in the sector. Thus, making cost accounting that is proper according to IAS / IFRS and tax legislation has become one of the strategic targets of the companies in most countries. In this respect, businesses should form their cost and pricing systems according to new regulations. Transfer pricing practice is usefull in setting the most proper price for goods that are subject to the transaction, in evaluating the performance of the responsibility centers of business, and in determining if the inter-departmental pricing system is consistent with targets of the business. The taxing powers of different countries and also the taxing powers of different institutions in a country did not overlap. Because of this reason, bringing new regulations to the tax system has become essential. The transfer pricing practice that has been incorporated into the Turkish Tax System is one of the these regulations. The transfer pricing practice which includes national and international transactions has been included in the Corporate Tax Law and Income Tax Law. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of goods and services transfer that will occur between departments of businesses on the responsibility center and business performance, and also the impact of transfer pricing practice on the business performance on the basis of tax-related matters. As a result of the study, it can be said that transfer pricing practice has an impact on business performance in terms of both price and tax-related matters.

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