scholarly journals Innovative and Sustainable Materials in Architectural Engineering

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Hend Elzefzafy
Keyword(s):  
Construction Materials ◽  
Tensile Load ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Type I ◽  
Total Thickness ◽  
Architectural Engineering ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Axial Tensile ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

The advantages of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite material have attracted architectural engineers as alternative construction materials. FRP materials are noncorrosive, lightweight, exhibit high tensile strength, and stiffness, are easily fabricated and constructed. For architectural applications, FRP materials are fabricated using a polymer matrix, such as epoxy, vinyl ester, or polyester, and reinforced with various grades of carbon, glass, and/or aramid fibers. In this study, FRP coupons have been tested under axial tensile load to evaluate the strength of these materials for architectural application. Coupon specimens were cut from two different types of glass-FRP (GFRP) tubes namely: Type I and II, the two types had constant internal diameter equal to 152 mm. The GFRP tubes Type I consist of six layers with (±60°) fibers angles oriented mainly in the hoop direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tubes, the total thickness is 2.65 mm. While GFRP tubes I consist of fourteen layers with different fibers angles (±65, ±45, ±65) and the total thickness are 6.4 mm. The test results were presented and discussed. The strength of the coupon showed an acceptable level to be used for architectural application. Some of the FRP composites successful applications are briefly presented and discussed to provide the appropriate background for the application of FRP composites in architectural engineering. The promising results presented for the GFRP materials represent a further step toward architectural application.

Creep Properties of CFRP-Steel Composites Subjected to Tensile Loads

2010 ◽  
Vol 163-167 ◽  
pp. 3591-3595
Author(s):  
Yi Yan Lu ◽  
Xue Peng Zhang ◽  
Zhi Yu Tang
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Viscoelastic Behavior ◽  
Tensile Load ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Axial Tensile ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Strain Increase

Strengthening by CFRP sticking to steel plates can exploit advantages of the two materials. The viscoelastic nature of FRP composites make it imperative that the creep behavior of the composite material should be taken into account for the analysis and design of any strengthening structure. In this paper, a creep experiment of a CFRP-steel composite under different stress levels has been introduced. The failure types, average yield load, ultimate loads, and initial longitudinal elastic modulus of the composite specimens were investigated through the short-term tests. Material coupons were subject to axial tensile load at various stress levels for time duration up to 500 hours in the long-term tests, and the results indicate that the strain increase with time and the ultimate creep strain increase with the increase of the initial strain. For the evaluation of the viscoelastic behavior of the composite material, the model developed by Findley was adopted. The agreement of the model results with the experimental data indicates this medel could be used to estimate the creep effectively at engineering analyses.

scholarly journals New directions for reinforced concrete coastal structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Nolan ◽  
Marco Rossini ◽  
Chase Knight ◽  
Antonio Nanni
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Prestressed Concrete ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Coastal Structures ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
The Us ◽  
Time Dependent Effect ◽  
Traditional Construction

AbstractWithin the last century, coastal structures for infrastructure applications have traditionally been constructed with timber, structural steel, and/or steel-reinforced/prestressed concrete. Given asset owners’ desires for increased service-life; reduced maintenance, repair and rehabilitation; liability; resilience; and sustainability, it has become clear that traditional construction materials cannot reliably meet these challenges without periodic and costly intervention. Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites have been successfully utilized for durable bridge applications for several decades, demonstrating their ability to provide reduced maintenance costs, extend service life, and significantly increase design durability. This paper explores a representative sample of these applications, related specifically to internal reinforcement for concrete structures in both passive (RC) and pre-tensioned (PC) applications, and contrasts them with the time-dependent effect and cost of corrosion in transportation infrastructure. Recent development of authoritative design guidelines within the US and international engineering communities is summarized and a examples of RC/PC verses FRP-RC/PC presented to show the sustainable (economic and environmental) advantage of composite structures in the coastal environment.

SEM in situ study on the mechanical behaviour of SiCf/Ti composite subjected to axial tensile load

2011 ◽  
Vol 528 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 4507-4515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashif Naseem ◽  
Yanqing Yang ◽  
Xian Luo ◽  
Bin Huang ◽  
Guanghai Feng
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Tensile Load ◽  
In Situ Study ◽  
Axial Tensile

Analysis of Premium Connection of Connecting and Sealing Ability Loaded by Axial Tensile Loads

2012 ◽  
Vol 268-270 ◽  
pp. 737-740
Author(s):  
Yang Yu ◽  
Yi Hua Dou ◽  
Fu Xiang Zhang ◽  
Xiang Tong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Tensile Load ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Sealing Ability ◽  
Axial Tensile ◽  
High Level ◽  
Maximum Contact ◽  
Contact Pressures ◽  
The Finite Element Model

It is necessary to know the connecting and sealing ability of premium connection for appropriate choices of different working conditions. By finite element method, the finite element model of premium connection is established and the stresses of seal section, shoulder zone and thread surface of tubing by axial tensile loads are analyzed. The results show that shoulder zone is subject to most axial stresses at made-up state, which will make distribution of stresses on thread reasonable. With the increase of axial tensile loads, stresses of thread on both ends increase and on seal section and shoulder zone slightly change. The maximum stress on some thread exceed the yield limit of material when axial tensile loads exceed 400KN. Limited axial tensile loads sharply influence the contact pressures on shoulder zone while slightly on seal section. Although the maximum contact pressure on shoulder zone drop to 0 when the axial tensile load is 600KN, the maximum contact pressure on seal section will keep on a high level.

The all-composite road bridge – a proposal for rapid urbanisation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Siwowski ◽  
Aleksander Kozlowski ◽  
Leonard Ziemiański ◽  
Mateusz Rajchel ◽  
Damian Kaleta
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Frp Composite ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Composite Bridge ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Traditional Construction

<p>Technology and materials can help cities get smarter and cope with rapid urbanisation. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is one of the approaches applied in evaluation of material sustainability. Many significant LCA comparisons of innovative and traditional construction materials indicate that fibre- reinforced polymer (FRP) composites compare very favourably with other materials studied. As a proposal for rapid urbanisation, the FRP all-composite road bridge was developed and demonstrated in Poland. The paper describes the bridge system itself and presents the results of research on its development. The output of the R&amp;D project gives a very promising future for the FRP composite bridge application in Poland, especially for cleaner, resilient and more environmentally efficient infrastructure of fast-growing cities.</p>

scholarly journals Improved numerical analysis of structures reinforced by composite FRP: Hygrothermal and prestressing loads with taper effect

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 096369351985836
Author(s):  
Mohammed Amine Hebbaz ◽  
Bachir Kerboua ◽  
Mostapha Tarfaoui
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Shear Stress ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Interfacial Stress ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Steel Beams ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Prestressing Force ◽  
Numerical Finite Element ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are becoming suitable and substantial materials in repairing and replacing conventional metallic materials because of their high strength and stiffness. Steel beams can be strengthened in flexure using bonded FRP or using steel plates. In such plated beams, shear forces develop in the bonded beam and these will be transferred to the FRP plate via the adhesion technique. Thus, the interfacial shear stress and normal stress will develop consequently, and debonding may occur at the FRP plate ends due to high interfacial stress values in this area. This original research aims to study the debonding phenomenon using an analytical and a numerical finite element models, in order to identify the interfacial stresses of a steel beam strengthened by the FRP plate with taper model, taking into account a new coupled approach of prestressing force and hygrothermal effect. This article explores the effects of various parameters, such as geometrical and physical properties, on the stress behavior of FRP composites.

scholarly journals Extensometer for Determining Strains on a Tensile and Torsion Simultaneous Load

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Viorel Goanta
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Measurement ◽  
Tensile Load ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bending Moments ◽  
Strain Process ◽  
Electric Signals ◽  
Measured Process

The paper presents an extensometer designed to measure two mechanical strains at the same time—one from tensile load and the other from torsion load. Strain transducers provide different electric signals, which, after calibration, lead to the simultaneous measurement of linear (ε) and angular (γ) strains. Each of these two signals depends on the measured process and is not influenced by the other strain process. This extensometer is designed to be easily mounted on the sample with only two mounting points and can be used to measure the combined cyclical fatigue of tensile and torsional loadings. This extensometer has two bars—one rigid, reported at the resulting stress points, and one elastic and deformable. The elastic deformable bar has two beams with different orientations. When the sample is deformed, both beams are loaded by two bending moments (perpendicular to each other and both perpendicular on the longitudinal axis of the bars).

scholarly journals Strain Capacity of Girth Welded Joints in HSAW Pipes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen Van Minnebruggen ◽  
Stijn Hertelé ◽  
Wim De Waele
Keyword(s):  
Welded Joints ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Tensile Load ◽  
Tensile Loading ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Large Strains ◽  
Automatic Welding ◽  
Strain Capacity ◽  
Axial Tensile ◽  
Welding Processes

The general aim of a recently finalized European project, i.e. EU RFCS SBD-Spipe, is to generate specific know-how concerning the development and possible use of spirally welded pipes for demanding applications. The demanding applications relate especially to structural integrity issues, both onshore and offshore, requiring good performance under application of large strains resulting in buckling, collapse and/or tensile loading. The outcome of this project can also be used as technical basis for improving standards and guidelines, that address design and safety of spirally welded pipelines. The contribution of Ghent University to this project focusses on the aspects of tearing resistance, defect tolerance and strain capacity of girth welded joints subjected to remote axial tensile load. A numerical and experimental approach is used for the assessment of flaw tolerability and strain development upon tensile loading. Spiral pipes of steel grade API-5L X70 with 36” and 48” diameters have been girth welded using both a manual and semi-automatic welding processes. Curved wide plate specimens have been extracted from the pipes and artificial weld defects have been introduced. The specimens have been loaded in tension up to failure at a temperature of −10°C. This paper reports on the experimental result of a series of curved wide plate tests.

Crack Development in Concrete, Part 1: Fracture Experiments and CT-Scan Observations

2008 ◽  
Vol 385-387 ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Schlangen
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Crack Path ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Tensile Load ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Crack Development ◽  
3D Microstructure ◽  
Axial Tensile ◽  
Concrete Part

This paper describes a method to measure the 3D-microstructure of a material which can be used to perform fracture simulations. A model concrete is made and the 3D structure is obtained with a CTscanner. Uni-axial tensile tests are performed on cylindrical specimens of the model concrete a regular concrete and of a mortar. The model concrete shows more micro-cracking, a more tortuous crack path, a lower tensile load and a less brittle behaviour compared to the mortar and the regular concrete. Furthermore it is found that the opening of the crack is more uniform when the material is more heterogeneous, which results in a more stable fracture.

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