scholarly journals Application of Radar Imagery to Tectonic, Structural and Geological Studies in Afikpo Basin, Southeastern Benue Trough, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Minapuye Isaac Odigi ◽  
Prince Suka Momta
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
Ground Field ◽  
Transform Faults ◽  
Benue Trough ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
Geological Information ◽  
Radar Imagery

Radar imagery was used to identify geological features and the production of geological maps of the Afikpo basin. The essence of this study was to delineate significant geological and geomorphological features that have not been imaged by the traditional ground field mapping. The application of Radar imagery technique will be relevant to the discovery of subsurface structures that will aid the accumulation or concentration of certain economic minerals or natural resources. It will enhance the identification of significant geological information such as lineaments, geologic structures, drainages, etc, that will serve as a guide to the actual ground field work investigation. Results from radar imageries revealed drainage pattern, major geomorphological units, mega lithostratigraphic units, lineaments and structures. The geology of Afikpo basin consist of Cretaceous, Tertiary and Quaternary rocks are recognizable; the highly deformed Cretaceous rocks are characterized by regional lineaments. Some of the rivers are aligned along the regional lineaments. The NW-SE and NE-SW lineaments truncate one another, suggesting different ages for the lineament groups. A few sinistral tensional movements occur in the eastern sector of the basin.  The major folds in the Afikpo basin have NE-SW and NW-SE trends, and occur as anticlines and synclines. The basement structuring and basin framework suggest a tectonic setting in the southeastern Benue Trough resulting from the Early Cretaceous opening of the South Atlantic Ocean and interpolate movement in Africa. From the evidence currently available we may conclude that the post Santonian Afikpo basin falls within the transtenstional basin categories associated with transform faults. The regional tectonics interpreted from the radar imageries are likely hydrocarbon related structural features.

scholarly journals Permian Triassic geologic evolution in the southern Kitakami Belt, Japan

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 155-155
Author(s):  
Kotaro Kamada
Keyword(s):  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Sedimentary Basin ◽  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Japan Sea ◽  
Passive Margin ◽  
Middle Permian ◽  
Asian Continent ◽  
Transform Faults ◽  
Magmatic Arc ◽  
The Japan Sea

Before opening of the Japan Sea, the Japanese islands were attached to the eastern margin of the Asian continent. The Southern Kitakami Belt is regarded as a micro-continent in an accretional complex of the islands, that accreted before the Early Cretaceous. But its tectonic setting and location between the belt and the Asian continent is still an unresolved argument.Permo-Triassic sequences in the Southern Kitakami Belt are composed of shallow to off-shore deposits. These deposits are composed of clastics, carbonates with volcaniclastics. But there was no volcanic activity in the belt in the Middle to Late Permian. From the viewpoint of the sedimentary character and history, the Middle Permian to Middle Triassic sequences differ from their previous and their following successions in the belt. And the sedimentary basin of Middle Permian to Middle Triassic was bounded by transform faults. Magmatic arc was replaced by passive margin as hinterland of the Southern Kitakami Belt during the Middle Permian to Middle Triassic. It means that the sedimentary basin moved from the margin of Yangtze Platform to Sino-Korean Platform at that time.

scholarly journals Tectonic control on the distribution of onshore mud volcanoes in parts of the Upper Benue Trough, northeastern Nigeria.

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-45
Author(s):  
Ojochenemi K. Musa ◽  
Ewa E. Kurowska ◽  
Krzysztof Schoeneich ◽  
Solomon A. Alagbe ◽  
Jeremiah Ayok
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Fault Zones ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Mud Volcano ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Mud Volcanoes ◽  
Benue Trough ◽  
Clastic Rocks

Abstract Onshore mud volcanoes are rare geological phenomena, which in Nigeria were reported for the first time few years ago in the Upper Benue Trough. In this study a detail geological mapping of the area of mud volcanoes occurrence was carried out, with the primary aim of defining their relationship, if any, to the structural geology there. The systematic field reconnaissance included field observations of the structural features, as well as analysis of the location and distribution of the onshore mud volcanoes, marking their locations on the topographic and geological maps, analysis of the aerial photographs and satellite images. The study area covered the central part of the Upper Benue Trough where the onshore mud volcanoes were found. The study area is the part of a sedimentary basin comprising Cretaceous clastic rocks that have been deformed intensively by a network of faults often embedded in the underlying Precambrian basement. This network of faults underwent a rejuvenation period from the Aptian to the Palaeocene. The most prominent tectonic structure in the study area is the NE – SW trending Kaltungo Fault Zone, however, there are other minor faults with N – S and NW – SE trends. This study shows that the mud volcanoes found in the study area are usually located near or within fault zones, within the outcropping Upper Cretaceous Yolde Formation and Upper Bima Sandstone, both of which were deformed by the Kaltungo faults, as well as by other minor faults. Worldwide, incidences of onshore mud volcano formation are usually attributed to areas of tectonic activity, rapid sedimentation or hydrocarbon occurrence. In this study, the interpretation of the field observations and mapping results, combined with information on the structural evolution of the study area and seismic pattern (very scarce), have led to the conclusion that the location of onshore mud volcanoes in the Upper Benue Trough, being located along the fault zones, is structurally controlled. The close relationship between mud volcano location and the structural framework of the area may be interpreted as one of several possible subsurface geological responses to present tectonic activity.

scholarly journals MAGNETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF METAMORPHIZED ULTRABASITES OF THE OCEANIC LITHOSPHERE

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 106-127
Author(s):  
K. V. Popov ◽  
A. M. Gorodnitskiy ◽  
N. A. Shishkina
Keyword(s):  
World Ocean ◽  
Oceanic Lithosphere ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Residual Magnetization ◽  
Magnetic Characteristics ◽  
Transform Faults ◽  
Ocean Ridges ◽  
Submarine Ridge ◽  
Deep Layers ◽  
The Stability

As part of the study of the nature of magnetic anomalies associated with the deep layers of the oceanic crust, a comparative analysis was made of the petromagnetic characteristics of serpentinized mantle ultrabasic samples taken from oceanographic expeditions of the Institute of Oceanology and the Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences in various morphotectonic regions of the World Ocean. The purpose of the work is to obtain information on the composition, concentration, crystallization temperature and structural features of ferromagnetic minerals, which are formed in different conditions of the post-magmatic metamorphism of ultrabasites. Sample collections are divided into three groups. 1. Oceanic peridotites from the rift zones of the mid-ocean ridges and transform faults. 2. Peridotites of the submarine ridge Gorringe, located within the Azoro-Gibraltar zone of faults. 3. Dunites of the Pekulney complex (Chukotka) formed in the island arc system. It has been established that in all selected regions, samples of serpentinized hyperbasites have high values of natural residual magnetization, magnetic susceptibility and saturation magnetization. The highest values of magnetic parameters are the dunites of the Pekulney complex. Estimation of the dependence of the concentration of ferrimagnetic materials C% of the degree of serpentinization of the SS%. showed that it is practically of little significance. The main factors contributing to the increase in the concentration of magnetite are the increased iron content of olivine in ultrabasites and the temperature of metamorphism. The question of the period of formation of magnetites and the stability of their primary residual magnetization requires further study.

scholarly journals Precambrian metamorphites as part of the petrographic diversity of Rila Geopark

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-29
Author(s):  
Dimitar Sinnyovsky
Keyword(s):  
Popular Science ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
Intrusive Rocks ◽  
Geological Information ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Popular Language

The petrographic diversity of Rila Mountain is an important prerequisite for the development of Rila Geopark and its nomination for UNESCO Geopark. According to the principle of the thematic geodiversity, the leading theme of the geopark – glacial landscapes, is complemented by the remarkable petrographic diversity of igneous and metamorphic rocks, in which alpine glacial forms are developed. Following a recent review of the intrusive rocks that make up the Rila-West Rhodope Batholith, the concept of Rila Geopark would not be complete without a retrospective of the metamorphic rocks that are an integral part of its petrographic diversity. The different approaches (lithodemic and lithotectonic) to the mapping of the Rila-Rhodope Massif divided the geologists into two camps. This led to a discrepancy in terminology and nomenclature of the metamorphic units, which is unacceptable in the context of the educational priority of the geopark. For the purpose of geotourism, clear and understandable interpretations are required to provoke the visitors’ interest in geological processes and phenomena, rather than confusion and perplexity. This article is a historical overview of the geological study of the metamorphic terrains in Rila Mountain with a scheme of lithodemic units based on the existing lithostratigraphic nomenclature. This approach allows the preservation of the names of the lithostratigraphic units, whose toponymic adjectives derive from well known geographical features in the Rila-Rhodope Massif. The rank term is replaced by a lithological or descriptive term, which frees the nomenclature from the dogmatic restrictions of the stratigraphic code and reduces the distance between the strictly scientific and popular science approach used for interpretation of geological information in a popular language accessible to the general public. This methodology is consistent with the approach recommended for mapping of non-stratified bodies on the Geological Map of the Republic of Bulgaria at a scale 1:50 000.

EVALUATION OF HYDROCARBON SEEPAGE IN THE GREAT AUSTRALIAN BIGHT

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 371 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.I.M. Struckmeyer ◽  
A.K. Williams ◽  
R. Cowley ◽  
J.M. Totterdell ◽  
G. Lawrence ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Seal Failure ◽  
Late Tertiary ◽  
Geological Information ◽  
Sar Data ◽  
Active Tectonism ◽  
Great Australian Bight

The regional assessment of hydrocarbon seepage is built around a combination of Radarsat and ERS Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data, acquired during 1998 and 1999, as part of a collaborative project between Geoscience Australia, Nigel Press Associates, Radarsat International and AUSLIG (specifically the Australian Centre for Remote Sensing). In total, 55 Radarsat Wide 1 Beam Mode scenes and one ERS scene from the Great Australian Bight (GAB) region were analysed. The data were integrated with regional geological information, and other hydrocarbon migration and seepage indicators such as reprocessed and reinterpreted legacy Airborne Laser Fluorosensor (ALF) data, to provide an assessment of the possible charge characteristics of the region.The results of the study suggest that active, though areally restricted, liquid hydrocarbon seepage is occurring within the Bight Basin. The majority of seepage slicks occur along the outer margin of the major depocentre, the Ceduna Sub-basin, in areas where significant Late Tertiary to Recent faulting extends to the seafloor. Very little evidence of seepage was observed on the SAR data above the main depocentre, which is an area of minimal Late Tertiary to Recent faulting. Reprocessed ALF data reveal three main areas with relatively dense fluors. Although they are not directly coincident with locations of seepage interpreted from SAR data, their distribution support the pattern of preferred leakage along the basin margins.Integration of regional geological models with the results of this study suggests that structural features related to active tectonism have focused laterally migrating hydrocarbons to produce active seepage at specific locations in the basin. Where these features are absent, seepage may be passive and/or be governed by long distance migration to points of seal failure. Together with oil and gas shows in exploration wells, observations from this study provide further evidence that liquid hydrocarbons have been generated in the Great Australian Bight.

A PROPOSED GEOPHYSICAL PROGRAM OF EXPLORATION FOR NEBRASKA AND THE DAKOTAS

Geophysics ◽  
1936 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
John H. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Geological Information

The known geological information, particularly with reference to possible oil‐producing horizons, is discussed briefly. A method is proposed whereby the area is subjected to a reconnaissance seismic survey to determine the location of the major structural features, followed by other methods of successively higher resolving power in the favorable areas outlined by the reconnaissance.

scholarly journals Flood analysis of the Limpopo River basin through past evolution reconstruction and a geomorphological approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2027-2039 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Spaliviero ◽  
M. De Dapper ◽  
S. Maló
Keyword(s):  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Tectonic Events ◽  
Fluvial Dynamics ◽  
Early Cretaceous Period ◽  
Flood Dynamics ◽  
Cretaceous Period

Abstract. This research reconstructs the past evolution of the Limpopo River, a transboundary system located in south-eastern Africa, and describes its geomorphological settings through a literature review and field work activities, with the aim of analysing flood hazard in the basin. Major changes have occurred since the late Jurassic–early Cretaceous period due to successive tectonic events. The paper demonstrates that the apparently abandoned drainage conformation of the palaeo-Limpopo in the upper and middle stretches of the river today constitutes preferential flood-prone areas in the case of major rainfall events. An important palaeo-delta is identified in the lower Limpopo, which imposes a particular drainage pattern onto the floodplain in Mozambique and influences the flood dynamics at present. The adopted method is helpful in determining flood hazard in a data-scarce area showing complex fluvial dynamics, and allows for the identification of unsuitable locations for human settlements.

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