scholarly journals Evaluation of Anti-depressant, Anti-anxiety and Muscle Relaxant Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Aerva javanica Roots

2021 ◽  
pp. 209-222
Author(s):  
Mohammed Waqas ◽  
Peeyush Kumar Sharma ◽  
Sandeep Kumar Yadav ◽  
Mohammad Asif
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Board Test ◽  
Hole Board ◽  
Hole Board Test ◽  
Muscle Relaxant Activity

Aims: To evaluate anti-depressant, anti-anxiety and muscle relaxant activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Aerva javanica roots in various experimental animal models. Study Design: Animal study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Bilwal Medchem and Research Laboratory, Jaipur from July 2021-August 2021. Methodology: The root powder of Aerva javanica was extracted with hydroalcoholic solvent (70% ethanol). The hydroalcoholic extract at three doses 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg was checked for anti-depressant and skeletal muscle relaxant activity in the experimental animal models. To determine the anti-depressant activity tail suspension test, locomotor activity, open field test, and MAO inhibitor assay were done; to determine the anti-anxiety activity hole board test was used; and to determine the skeletal muscle relaxant activity rotarod test, grip strength test, and chimney test were done. Results: In the tail suspension test, the extract at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg significantly reduced the duration of immobility compared to normal control (p<0.0001). The extract at dose 400 mg/kg significantly reduced MAO-A and MAO-B activity compared to the normal control group (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). The extract at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg were able to decrease locomotor activity in actophotomoter and increased time spent in centre square in open field test revealing the sedative effect of the extract. In hole board test, the extract at dose 400 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg significantly increased number of head dip count (p<0.0001 and p<0.001) respectively. In the rotarod test, the extract at dose 200 and 400 mg/kg decreased the time spent on the rotating rod (p<0.0001), compared to normal control. Similarly, in the grip strength test the extract at dose 200 and 400 mg/kg decreased the time spend on suspended wire revealing the skeletal muscle relaxant property of the test extract. Conclusion: Based on the result, it can be concluded that the extract exert anti-depressant, anti-anxiety and skeletal muscle relaxant like activity in the experimental rat which was hypothesized to be attributed to the flavonoids present in the hydroalcoholic root extract of Aerva javanica.

Anti-depressant, anxiolytic and muscle relaxant activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Cissampelos pareira linn. Leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Asif ◽  
Jayesh Dwivedi ◽  
Sandeep Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Inclined Plane ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Board Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Hole Board ◽  
Hole Board Test ◽  
Muscle Relaxant Activity

Background: The ethnopharmacological relevance suggests that the ethnic minorities of India use leaves of Cissampelos pareira L as a traditional medicine for curing various psychopharmacological disorders. Objective: To evaluate anti-depressant, anxiolytic, and muscle relaxant activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Cissampelos pareira. Results: No moribund status or mortality was observed in experimental mice up to 2000 mg/kg dose of Cissampelos pareira hydroalcoholic extract (CPHE). In the open field and actophotometer tests, CPHE 200 and 400 mg/kg treated mice with significantly abridged ambulation, a number of central squares crossed, total locomotion, and depicted less coordinated movements. While, in despair swim and tail suspension tests, CPHE 400 mg/kg treated mice significantly decreased duration of immobility and increased number of climbing, confirming its anti-depressant effect. In an elevated plus-maze test, CPHE 200 and 400 mg/kg increased the open arm exploration; in hole board test, CPHE 400 mg/kg treated rats augmented the number of head dips, depicting its anxiolytic effect. In rotarod, grip strength, and inclined plane test, CPHE 400 mg/kg treated mice decreased in fall off time on a rotating rod, suspended wire, or inclined plane. Furthermore, in the chimney test, treatment with CPHE 400 depicted less coordinated movements in mice, and mice of this group took more time to leave the cylinder, depicting its skeletal muscle relaxant effect. Conclusion: Based on the result, it can be concluded that CPHE 400 mg/kg exhibits strong anti-depressant, anxiolytic, and muscle relaxant effects, justifying its traditional uses.

Glacial Acetic Acid Catalyzed Synthesis, Physicochemical and Biological Evaluation of Benzodiazepines as Potent CNS Agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-151
Author(s):  
Vipin Kumar ◽  
Shweta Verma ◽  
Sushil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Log P ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Benzodiazepine Derivatives ◽  
Chloro Group ◽  
Muscle Relaxant Activity

Background: Approach for green chemistry for chemical synthesis is found to be very efficient as it makes the reaction more easily, less tedious, maximize desired products and minimize by-products. Materials & Methods: Utilizing this approach 1, 5-benzodiazepines and its derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for skeletal muscle and antianxiety activity. 1, 5-benzodiazepine derivatives have attracted great attention due to its diversity of pharmacological activities and its application in heterocyclic synthesis and medicines. The target compounds were synthesized by first reacting o-phenylenediamine with acetophenone to yield 1, 5-benzodiazepines. In the next step the NH of 1, 5-benzodiazepines were chloroacetylated and then the chloro group was substituted with different anilines. The structures were confirmed on the basis of their TLC, IR, 1H NMR and CHN elemental studies. The physicochemical parameters were determined for BBB penetration through online software. Results: The Log P values of the compounds tested showed that compounds have the potential to be CNS active. The compounds were evaluated for the skeletal muscle relaxant activity and antianxiety activity. It was investigated that 1, 5-benzodiazepines derivatives possess significant differences between control group and treated group. Conclusion: Among these derivatives, the compound bearing chloro group possesses the highest skeletal muscle relaxant and antianxiety activity.

Evaluation of Skeletal Muscle Relaxant Activity of Apigenin in Animal Experimental Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 400-407
Author(s):  
Syed Mohammed Basheerudd ◽  
Basheerahmed Abdulaziz ◽  
Ahmad Alanazi ◽  
Bader Almusharra ◽  
Naif Alanazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Muscle Relaxant Activity

EVALUATION OF CENTRALLY ACTING SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANT ACTIVITY OF ALCOHOLIC EXTRACTS OF ASHWAGANDHA (WITHANIA SOMNIFERA) ROOTS IN ALBINO MICE.

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-64
Author(s):  
Sarita Panigrahy ◽  
Sangeeta Panigrahy
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Alcohol Extract ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Muscle Relaxant Activity ◽  
Off Time ◽  
Different Doses

BACKGROUND:Skeletal muscle relaxants are drugs that are used to relax and diminish tightness in muscles. Many medicinal plants have known to have skeletal muscle relaxant activity. In past studies some Polyherbal formulation containing Ashwagandha as one of the ingredients and its fat extract have shown to have skeletal muscle relaxant activity in experimental animal models. This study is intended to evaluate the skeletal muscle relaxant activity of alcoholic extracts of Withania Somnifera (Ashwagandha) roots in albino mice, as the literature regarding this extract is scarce. METHODOLOGY: Standard drug (diazepam), different doses of Alcohol extract of ashwagandha (50,100, 150 mg/kg) were given orally to mice and muscle relaxant activity was assessed by Rota-rod apparatus. The fall off time from the rotating rod was noted for each group after 1 hour of drug administration. The difference in fall off time among the standard drug and treated mice was taken as an index of muscle relaxation. RESULTS:The test extract at its different doses showed highly signicant reduction in the time spent by the animals on revolving rod in rotarod test when compared to baseline (p < 0.0001) which is highly signicant. On comparison with diazepam, different doses of Alcohol extract showed weak relaxant activity. CONCLUSIONS : The three different doses of Alcoholic extract showed a dose dependent rise in muscle relaxant action. The results are promising for further investigation of efcient skeletal muscle relaxant activity.

scholarly journals Neurobehavioral and neuroprotective role of captopril in the rotenone model of rat Parkinsonism

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3523-3534
Author(s):  
Prakash KG ◽  
Bannur BM ◽  
Madhavrao C ◽  
Saniya K ◽  
Sudha M J ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Rotarod Test ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Board Test ◽  
Hole Board ◽  
Hole Board Test ◽  
Suspension Test

Angiotensin-converting enzymes are increasingly being tested in therapeutics of Parkinsonism. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the behavioral changes and neuroprotective role of captopril in the rotenone model of Parkinsonism in rats. Adult Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups of six each. Parkinsonism was induced with rotenone (3 mg/Kg intraperitoneal) in three groups. The experimental group was treated with captopril (20 mg/kg intraperitoneal). The effects were compared with a standard group treated with levodopa (12 mg/Kg) and Benserazide (3 mg/Kg). Behavioral effects were evaluated by the rotarod test, spontaneous locomotor activity, hole board test, forced swim test, and tail suspension test. Neuroprotection was noted with an estimation of glutathione and lipid peroxidation from rat brain homogenate. Levels of dopamine, serotonin, and GABA were also noted. Haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of the brain evaluated for any histoarchitectural changes. Rats pre-treated with captopril have shown a significant increase in the duration of stay in the rotarod test, a significant increase in the number of head dipping in hole board test, significant lower duration of immobility in forced swim test and tail suspension test. Captopril has a significant neuroprotective role, as evidenced by a significant decrease in levels of glutathione and a significant increase in lipid peroxidase, myeloperoxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and MAO-B levels. Captopril has significant effects on brain neurotransmitters, as evidenced by dopamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine. Captopril has shown significant neuronal protection by increased expression of Bcl-2 immunohistochemistry in rotenone-induced PD. Captopril has shown significant improvement in motor coordination (as evidenced through rotarod test), exploratory behavior (hole board test), depression (forced swimming test, and tail suspension test). Captopril significantly reduces oxidative stress conditions. Captopril has not shown major histoanatomical changes in the rotenone model. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; neuroprotection; dopaminergic neurons; Parkinsonism; rotenone model

scholarly journals Evaluation of Selected Flavonoids for the Anthelmintic and Skeletal Muscle Relaxant Activity using Animal Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
S Bala Yaswanth Kumar ◽  
Suranjan Bantupalli ◽  
Deekshit Atluri
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Muscle Relaxants ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Photocell Beam ◽  
Muscle Relaxant Activity

Most fruits and vegetables contain flavonoids, a type of phytonutrient. As well as carotenoids, they're responsible for fruits and vegetable brilliant hues. Some other phytonutrients such as flavonoids are strong antioxidants with anti-inflammatory and immune properties. There are many flavonoids, including anthocyanins, flavones, flavonols, flavonoids, and isoflavonoids. Quercetin and chrysin were chosen for the investigation. Humans and other animals can contract Helminthiasis (helminthiases), sometimes known as worm infection. Tapeworms, roundworms, and flukes are only a few of the parasites that exist. Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to treat spasticity caused by upper motor neuron syndromes and muscle discomfort or musculoskeletal spasms created by peripheral disturbances. Samples of quercetin and chrysin were generated in the presence of 0.5% SCMC suspension at concentrations of 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/ml, and then analyzed. To keep track of photocell beam disruptions, a six-digit counter was utilized (locomotor activity). It was time to turn on the actophotometer and examine the locomotor behavior of each rat for five minutes. The basal activity levels of all the animals were recorded. Keywords: Flavonoids, Anthelmintic, Skeletal Muscle relaxant, animal models

scholarly journals Evaluation of centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant activity of aqueous extract of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) roots in albino mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Sarita Panigrahy
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Muscle Relaxant Activity ◽  
Off Time

Background: Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to treat both muscle spasm and spasticity, acting both as antispasmodic and antispasticity agents. In past studies some polyherbal formulations containing ashwagandha have shown skeletal muscle relaxant activity and fat extract of ashwagandha showed skeletal muscle relaxant activity in experimental animal models. This study is designed to evaluate the skeletal muscle relaxant activity of aqueous extract of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) roots in albino mice, as the literature regarding them is limited.Methods: Standard drug (diazepam) and different doses of Aqueous extract of ashwagandha (50, 100,150mg/kg) were given orally to albino mice. Skeletal muscle relaxant activity was assessed by Rota-rod apparatus. The fall off time from the rotating rod was noted for each group after 1 hour of drug administration. The difference in fall off time from the rotating rod between the standard and treated mice was taken as an index of muscle relaxation.Results: The test extract at doses (50mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 150mg/kg) showed highly significant reduction in the time spent by the animals on revolving rod in rota rod test when compared to baseline (p <0.0001). As compared with diazepam, aqueous extract (150mg/kg) showed almost equal reduction in the time spent by the animals on revolving rod in rota rod test.Conclusions: This study indicates that the aqueous extract of ashwagandha possess central skeletal muscle relaxant activity. The results are promising for further investigation of efficient skeletal muscle relaxant activity.

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANT ACTIVITY FOR NOVEL [1,4]DIAZEPINO[2,3-G]QUINOXALINE DERIVATIVES

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (09) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
D. Visagaperumal ◽  
Pemmadi Raghuveer Varma ◽  
R. Jayakumar ◽  
Vineeth Chandy
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Spectroscopic Method ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Quinoxaline Derivatives ◽  
Group Variation ◽  
Muscle Relaxant Activity ◽  
The Relationship

Novel [1,4]diazepino[2,3-g]quinoxaline derivatives 5a-5i were designed, synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic method and elemental analysis. The title compounds were screened for skeletal muscle relaxant. Among the synthesized analogs, compound 5g and compound 5h revealed significant skeletal muscle relaxant activity. The relationship between the functional group variation and the biological activity of the synthesized compounds is discussed.

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