scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory Activity of Sclerotium stipitatum Berk. et. Curr. an Ethnomedicinal Fungus, in Chronic and Acute Animal Models of Inflammation

2021 ◽  
pp. 209-218
Author(s):  
Alina K. Sebastian ◽  
P. V. Anto
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Significant Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Sclerotium stipitatum Berk. et. Curr., locally known as ‘nilamanga’ is a rare macro fungus, traditionally used to treat numerous diseases like arthritis, earache, jaundice etc. The present study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract of S. stipitatum and identify the bioactive compounds present in them. Phytochemical screening of extracts obtained using different solvents like petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and water were done. The best extract was chosen for the acute carrageenan-induced and chronic formalin-induced anti-inflammatory studies. Diclofenac was used as the standard drug. Ethanol extract showed significant inhibition of inflammation induced by carrageenan and formalin-induced paw edema models compared to the control. GC-MS analysis shows certain bioactive compounds. The significant inhibitory effect on paw edema proves that S. stipitatum possesses remarkable anti-inflammatory activity, and isolation and identification of bioactive compounds can be used for new drug formulations.

scholarly journals Bioactivities of the ethanol extract from Ageratum fastigiatum branches: antioxidant, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 1471-1484
Author(s):  
GLAUCIEMAR DEL-VECHIO-VIEIRA ◽  
BRUNA C.S. SANTOS ◽  
MARIA SILVANA ALVES ◽  
AÍLSON L.A. ARAÚJO ◽  
CÉLIA H. YAMAMOTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Tail Immersion ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

ABSTRACT The present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanol extract from Ageratum fastigiatum branches. Phytochemical screening and total phenol and flavonoid contents were determined. The antioxidant activity was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-pycrilhydrazin (DPPH) and iron reducing power methods. The antinociceptive effect was evaluated using the acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin, hot plate and tail immersion assays; while the carrageenan-induced paw edema and pleurisy tests were performed to examine the anti-inflammatory activity against acute inflammation. The extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, terpenes, sterols and saponins. Expressive levels of total phenols and flavonoids and a promising antioxidant effect were quantified. At the doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, the extract inhibited the writhing, reduced both phases of paw licking time and increased the reaction time on the hot plate. In the tail immersion test, the extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) caused a significant inhibition of pain. In these doses, the paw edema, exudate volume and leucocyte mobilization were significantly reduced. These results suggest that A. fastigiatum can be an active source of substances with antioxidant, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities, adding scientific support to the appropriate use in the Brazilian folk medicine.

scholarly journals Scientific Evaluation of anti-inflammatory potential of Macrotyloma uniflorum seeds extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 1883-1888
Author(s):  
Anandarajagopal K ◽  
Abdullah Khan ◽  
Sugalia S ◽  
Bama Menon ◽  
Tan Ching Siang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Leguminous Plant ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Macrotyloma Uniflorum ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Phytochemicals possessing the antioxidant properties naturally present in food attract a greater interest to healthcare researchers due to their desirable health effects on human health as they can be explored for protection against oxidative deterioration. Macrtotyloma uniflorum is a leguminous plant belonging to the family Fabaceae and commonly known as Horse gram. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of seeds of Macrotyloma uniflorum were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory effects using the scientific protocol on experimental rats. Extraction was carried out using the cold maceration method, and the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using a digital plethysmometer in the experimental rats injected with carrageenan to produce paw edema. Preliminary phytochemical studies confirmed the presence of various bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, proteins and amino acids, terpenoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds in both extracts while flavonoids were found only in ethanol extract. Both extracts of M. uniflorum seeds (200 mg/ml) significantly (p<0.01) reduced the paw edema volume induced by carrageenan. The ethanol extract of M. uniflorum seeds exhibited more potent anti-inflammatory activity than water extract, that might be due to the presence of flavonoids in ethanol extract. The activity of the extracts was compared with diclofenac sodium (10mg/kg b.wt.) as a reference drug. From the results, it may be suggested that the antioxidative potential of phenolic constituents and flavonoids is the primary factors for the anti-inflammatory activity of M. uniflorum seeds extracts.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Chrozophora rottleri Extracts on Carrageenan-Induced Rat Paw Edema

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Mallikarjuna Rao Talluri ◽  
Battu Ganga Rao ◽  
Y. Venkateswaea Rao
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Rat Paw Edema ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Rat Paw

The present study was intended to evaluate Anti-inflammatory activity ofC. rottleriextracts (Hydroalcoholic, Methanol, Ethyl acetate and Hexane). The Anti-inflammatory activity ofC.rottleriextracts at doses of 125mg/kg, 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg using carrageenan induced rat paw edema model compared with standard drug (Indomethacin). The selected plant extracts significantly inhibited paw edema along with the standard drug Indomethacin. Of all extracts, methanol extract produced significant effect on reduction of increased paw thickness, hydro alcoholic and ethyl acetate extracts produced moderate percentage inhibition and hexane extract produced low level of percentage inhibition in reducing paw edema on carrageenan induced rats. In all extracts, methanol extract at a dose of 500mg/kg showed more percentage inhibition i.e . 53.47±2.19. From the results obtained during the study it is concluded thatC. rottlerihaving the bioactive molecule responsible for Anti-inflammatory activity by individually or by combination of different bio-active compounds present in it. Further is necessary for isolation and characterization of bioactive molecules which are responsible for the selected plant biological activities.

scholarly journals Methanolic Extract of Leathery Murdah, Terminalia coriacea (Roxb.) Wight and Arn. Leaves Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Acute and Chronic Models

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Safwan Ali Khan ◽  
Nishath Khatoon ◽  
Mohammad M. Al-Sanea ◽  
Mohamed Gamal Mahmoud ◽  
Hidayat Ur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Test Dose ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Inflammatory Models ◽  
Cotton Pellet ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Granulomatous Tissue ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of Terminalia coriacea. Materials and Methods: A methanolic extract of T. coriacea leaves was studied in albino Wistar rats with carrageenan-induced paw edema, an acute model, and cotton pellet-induced granuloma, a chronic model, at 3 oral test doses (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg). Aspirin 100 mg/kg was used as a positive control. Paw volume and wet and dry weights of cotton pellets were determined. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. Results: The test extract at doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg decreased paw volume and wet and dry weights of cotton pellets. The highest test dose (500 mg/kg) displayed a response comparable to that of the standard drug (p < 0.01) on paw volume. The extract produced similar (p < 0.05) decrease in wet weight of the cotton pellet at 125 and 250 mg/kg, whereas the effect of 500 mg/kg of the extract was comparable to that of aspirin 100 mg/kg (p < 0.01). The extract of T. coriacea at 500 mg/kg induced the most significant (p < 0.01) effect on wet weight of granulomatous tissue. Conclusion: The methanolic extract of T. coriacea leaves successfully decreased paw edema as well as dry and wet weights of granulomatous tissue in both acute and chronic inflammatory models thus confirming the anti- edematogenic, antitransudative, and antiproliferative properties of T. coriacea.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF ETHYL 2-(2-CYANO-3- (SUBSTITUTED PHENYL)ACRYLAMIDO)-4,5-DIMETHYLTHIOPHENE-3-CARBOXYLATES

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhavi K ◽  
Sree Ramya G
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Rat Paw Edema ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Rat Paw

Objective: Objective of the study was to synthesize and evaluate a series of novel compounds, ethyl 2-(2-cyano-3-(substituted phenyl)acrylamido)- 4,5-dimethylthiophene-3-carboxylates, for in vitro antioxidant and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities.Methods: Ethyl 2-(2-cyano-3-(substituted phenyl)acrylamido)-4,5-dimethylthiophene-3-carboxylates were synthesized by knoevenagel condensation of active methylene group of ethyl 2-(2-cyanoacetamido)-4,5-dimethylthiophene-3-carboxylate with substituted benzaldehydes. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant properties in three different models, viz., reduction of 1,1-diphenyl-2-pycrylhydrazyl free radical, scavenging of nitric oxide free radical, and ferric ion-induced lipid peroxidation using rat brain homogenate. Few selected compounds with good antioxidant properties were pharmacologically evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model.Results: Clean and efficient synthetic procedure was used for the preparation of series of compounds. The structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed by infrared, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectra. The antioxidant activity data revealed that the compounds of ethyl 2-(2-cyano-3-(substituted phenyl)acrylamido)-4,5-dimethylthiophene-3-carboxylate containing phenolic substitution showed greater antioxidant activity. Hence, the active compounds were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity and found to possess good activity. The percentage inhibition of rat paw edema obtained for the evaluated compounds was in the range of 70.2-83.1, comparable to the standard drug diclofenac (85.0%).Conclusion: The use of inexpensive, eco-friendly and readily available reagents, easy work-up and high purity of products makes the procedure a convenient and robust method for the synthesis of title compounds. The compounds of ethyl 2-(2-cyano-3-(substituted phenyl)acrylamido)-4,5- dimethylthiophene-3-carboxylate containing phenolic substitution showed greater antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

scholarly journals DESIGN, SYNTHESIS, AND EVALUATION OF NEW DERIVATIVE OF 1,2,4-TRIAZOLES FOR ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabhu C. Jalihal ◽  
Vaibhav Rajoriya ◽  
Varsha Kashaw
Keyword(s):  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Rat Paw Edema ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective: The object of the study is to design, synthesize and biological evaluation of isoniazid derived 1,2,4-triazoles compounds.Methods: Isoniazid based 1,2,4-triazoles derivatives have been synthesized by reaction of Isoniazid with carbon disulfide in basic medium (KOH) to form Potassium dithiocarbazinate salt and reaction with hydrazine hydrate converted into 4-amino-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol. These compounds were reacted with seven different benzaldehyde to form 4-[(substituted phenyl)-methylene]-amino-5-(pyridine-4-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-thiol (4). The final compounds were synthesized by reaction with four different acetanilide to form 4-[substituted phenyl)-methylene]-amino-3-(N-substitutedcarboxamidomethylthio)-5-(pyridine-4-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazoles derivatives. All these compounds were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, [13]C-NMR and elemental analysis. The antimicrobial activity was determined by the cup plate method. Acute anti-inflammatory activity determined by using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model.Results: Series PJ-A4, PJ-A7 and PJ-A13 showed more than 90% of the zone of inhibition against both Gram positive and Gram negative organisms. The antifungal study suggested that among synthesized compounds series PJ-A4, A7, A9, A11 and A13 showed more than 90% of zone of inhibition, A2, A10 and A12 shows more than 80% of the zone of inhibition. Anti-inflammatory study data indicate that compounds PJ-A4, PJ-A8, PJ-A9 and PJ-A13 produced 70 to 76% of paw edema inhibition compare to standard drug Ibuprofen which showed 83.3% after 5 h. Conclusion: Results suggested that the isoniazid based 1,2,4-triazole derivatives have significant antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory activity.

scholarly journals TO SYNTHESIZE, CHARACTERIZATION AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF NOVEL SUBSTITUTED ISATIN DERIVATIVES

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D B Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Schiff Bases ◽  
Picric Acid ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Edema Volume ◽  
Rat Paw Edema ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Rat Paw

Series of novel Schiff bases of Isatin the  equimolar amines and 5-Dicrboxymethyl (R=COO2Me) substituted isatins (1 mmol of each) were added to 96% w/w ethanol (20 mL) containing 8 drops of glacial acetic acid. The mixture was heated under reflux for 5 h and then cooled to room temperature. The resulting solid was collected by filtration, washed with cold ethanol and dried in open air. The derivatives thus prepared had sufficient analytical purity. anticonvulsant activity performed by method as Animals were weighed and numbered. Mice were divided into 7 groups of six animals each. Group 1 served as control which was treated with vehicle (2% v/v Tween 80), group 2 was treated with standard drug phenytoin (25 mg/kg, i.p.) and groups 3– 7 were treated with newly synthesized oxadiazole derivatives (25 mg/kg, i. p.). One hour after injection, the animals were subjected to electro shock through ear electrodes of 80 mA for 0.2 sec by electroconvulsiometer AND ANTI-inflammatory activity measured by Weigh the animals and number them. Mark the animals with picric acid for individual animal identification. Divide rats into 5 groups of 6 rats each. Note the initial paw volume of each rat by dipping just beyond tibio-tarsal junction by mercury displacement method. The pharmacological screening of the synthesized compounds showed anti convulsant activity ranging from 56.2 % to 76.3 % inhibition of epileptic seizures in mice, where as the standard drug Phenytoin showed 83.95 % inhibition of epileptic seizures in mice. The compound iiih4 from each group was found to be nearly potent to Phenytoin which is used as standard drug. Anti-inflammatory activity ranging from 31.09 to 63.11 % inhibition of rat paw edema volume after 3 hours, whereas the standard drug Indomethacin showed 62.06 % inhibition of rat paw edema volume after 4 hours.  The compound iiih3 was found to be nearly more potent then indomethacin which is used as standard drug Keywords: Isatin; Schiff bases; Anti convulsant activity; Anti-inflammatory activity; Isatin.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND SUPPRESSION OF INFLAMMATORY TARGETS BY ADATHODA VASICA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Amala Reddy ◽  
Sujatha Sundaresan
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Membrane Stabilization ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

 Objectives: A persistent and chronic inflammation may act as an underlying definition for many of the long-term illness such as diabetic foot ulcer, Alzheimer’s disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Folklore medicinal plants provide immense health benefits with new remedies. Active compounds from plants containing alkaloids and phenolic compounds (flavonoids and tannins) possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The leaves of Adhatoda vasica are most known for its effectiveness in treating respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, and other respiratory conditions. In this report, we investigated the possible action of A. vasica against inflammation.Methods: Solvents with varying polarity (Hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol) were used for the sequential extraction of leaves of A. vasica Linn (Family: Acanthaceae). The anti‐inflammatory activity was assessed using simple in vitro methods. Phenols, flavonoids, phytosterols, saponins, alkaloids, and tannins were analyzed qualitatively using standard protocols. Anti‐inflammatory activity was evaluated using albumin denaturation assay, membrane stabilization assay and proteinase inhibitory activity. Aspirin (diclofenac) was used as a standard drug for the study of anti-inflammatory activity.Results: Our results substantiated that methanolic extract of A. vasica gave a maximum yield of 12.5% and apparently all bioactive phytochemical constituents were at a higher concentration in the methanolic extract. Methanolic extract of A. vasica showed a significant inhibition of the heat-induced albumin denaturation, red blood cells membrane stabilization, and proteinase inhibitory effects with 86±1.46, 88±1.24, and 96±0.93% for 1000 μg/ml, respectively.Conclusion: The above results delineate that the bioactive components were extracted using high polar solvent are mostly flavonoids and related polyphenols. These compounds may be the active constituents to render the anti-inflammatory activity to A. vasica.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Activity of a Traditional Sri Lankan Concoction of Coriandrum sativum L. and Coscinium fenestratum G.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Shashika Dinethri Kothalawala ◽  
Daniya Edward ◽  
Jayamini C. Harasgama ◽  
Loshini Ranaweera ◽  
Ovitigala Vithanage Don Sisira Jagathpriya Weerasena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Inos Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
No Production ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Peritoneal Cells ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective. To investigate the immunomodulatory activity of a traditional Sri Lankan concoction of Coriandrum sativum L. and Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr., which is a Sri Lankan traditional medicine used to relieve inflammation and cold. Methods. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity was tested using carrageenan-induced rat paw-edema model. Mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by investigating the production of nitric oxide (NO), expression of iNOS enzyme, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) by rat peritoneal cells. The membrane stabilizing activity was also tested. The antibody response was determined by assessing the specific haemagglutination antibodies raised against sheep red blood cells. Results. The three doses of freeze-dried concoction used ((human equivalent dose (HED)—183 mg/kg) 2 × HED and 1/2HED; n = 6 rats/group) showed significant inhibition of paw edema compared to water control at 3rd–5th hours (p<0.05). Both HED and 1/2HED exhibited marked anti-inflammatory activity (72–83% inhibition at 4th-5th hours; p<0.05). The HED of the concoction showed significant inhibition of NO (77.5 ± 0.73%, p<0.001) and ROS production (26.9 ± 2.55%; p<0.01) by rat peritoneal cells. Inhibition of NO production in the concoction treated rat peritoneal cells was confirmed by the lack of iNOS expression. The concoction also exhibited significant membrane stabilizing activity (IC50 = 0.0006 μg/ml; p=0.001). HED resulted in a significantly high induction of specific antibody production against SRBC antigens as detected by SRBC haemagglutination assay (mean day 14 titers 253.3 compared to control: 66.7) (p<0.01). Conclusions. The traditional Sri Lankan concoction of C. sativum and C. fenestratum demonstrated potent in vivo anti-inflammatory activity, significant reduction of ROS, and NO production by rat peritoneal cells and the lack of iNOS expression confirmed the low NO production. The increased membrane stability also supports the anti-inflammatory activity of the concoction. Further, this concoction induced a significantly high antibody response reflecting its immunostimulatory activity. Together these results scientifically validate the therapeutic use of the concoction of C. sativum and C. fenestratum in Sri Lankan traditional medicinal system for immunomodulatory effects.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization and Anti-inflammatory Activity of (2E)-3-(2-Bromo-6-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(naphthalene-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-564
Author(s):  
Dileep Kumar M. Guruswamy ◽  
Shankar Jayarama
Keyword(s):  
1H Nmr ◽  
13C Nmr ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Edema Model ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

(2E)-3-(2-Bromo-6-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(naphthalene-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (d1) was synthesized by the Claisen-Schmidt condensation method and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectral studies. The anti-inflammatory activity was conducted in Swiss albino rats for paw edema model. Edema was actuated with 1 % carrageenan to every one of the animals following 1 h of the oral medicines. Paw thickness was checked at t = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 24 h. Stair climbing score and motility score were surveyed at t = 24 h. Compound d1 signicant decline in paw thickness at p < 0.001 diminished by 32 % in paw thickness. The compound d1 signicantly expanded the stair climbing and motility score. This study suggested that the compound d1 exhibits remarkable anti-inflammatory activity when compared with that of the standard drug.

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