Ancient Concept of Simulation in Perspective of Ayurveda

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i47a33002 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 182-188

Author(s):

Tawalare Kiran ◽

Chavan Sucheta ◽

Tawalare Kalpana ◽

Meshram Sumedh

Keyword(s):

Healthcare System ◽

Basic Concept ◽

Medical Knowledge ◽

Google Scholar ◽

Classical Text ◽

History Of

Ayurveda, the native healthcare system of India, is a rich resource of well-documented ancient medical knowledge. Although the roots of this knowledge date back to the Vedic and post-Vedic eras, it is generally believed that a dedicated branch for healthcare was gradually established approximately between 400 BC and 200 AD. Objective of this review is to hint at preliminary understanding of ancient concept of simulation and to record the Ayurveda as trailblazer when reviewing the mile stone in the history of simulation. Literature regading simulation were collected through various search engeens like as PubMed, Medline, Google scholar. Classical text of Ayurveda Charak, Sushrut, Vagbhat and Chakrapani, Dalhan commentary were reffered to collect ancient view of simulation. Literature available was analysed critically. It was found that preliminary concept of simulation hinted in Ayurveda as imblaze in establishing the basic concept of simulation.

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The history of the discovery of blood circulation: unrecognized contributions of Ayurveda masters

AJP Advances in Physiology Education ◽

10.1152/advan.00123.2011 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 77-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kishor Patwardhan

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Cardiovascular System ◽

History Of Medicine ◽

Healthcare System ◽

Blood Circulation ◽

Medical Knowledge ◽

Closed Circuit ◽

History Of ◽

Central Argument

Ayurveda, the native healthcare system of India, is a rich resource of well-documented ancient medical knowledge. Although the roots of this knowledge date back to the Vedic and post-Vedic eras, it is generally believed that a dedicated branch for healthcare was gradually established approximately between 400 BCE and 200 CE. Probably because the language of documentation of these early textbooks is in Sanskrit, a language that is not in day-to-day use among the general population even in India, many significant contributions of Ayurveda have remained unrecognized in the literature related to the history of medicine. In this communication, the discovery of blood circulation has been taken up as a case, and a few important references from the representative Ayurveda compendia that hint at a preliminary understanding of the cardiovascular system as a “closed circuit” and the heart acting as a pump have been reviewed. The central argument of this review is that these contributions from Ayurveda too must be recorded and credited when reviewing the milestones in the history of medicine, as Ayurveda can still possibly guide various streams of the current sciences, if revisited with this spirit.

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History of sports medicine in east European countries

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns1502059l ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 68 (1-2) ◽

pp. 59-65

Author(s):

Biljana Lazovic ◽

Sanja Mazic ◽

Marina Djelic ◽

Jelena Suzic-Lazic ◽

Radmila Sparic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sports Medicine ◽

Medical Knowledge ◽

European Countries ◽

Historical Background ◽

Eastern European ◽

Cultural Changes ◽

East European ◽

Psychological Pressure ◽

History Of ◽

Eastern European Countries

The purpose of this article is to provide a historical background of medicine, science and sports with the focus on the development of modern sports medicine in European countries, with an accent on Eastern European countries that have a long sports medicine tradition. The development of modern sports medicine began at the end of 19th and the beginning of 20th century, and it has been associated with social and cultural changes in the world of medicine, science and sports. Advanced medical knowledge, skills and practices, and the progress of scientific achievements enabled sports people to improve their performance level. Increased popularisation and commercialisation of sports have resulted from urbanization and city lifestyle, leading to the lack of physical activity and increased psychological pressure. In addition, the growing need and interest in sports and successes in professional sports have become a symbol of international recognition and prestige for the nations.

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First Nations’ Survivance and Sovereignty in Canada during a Time of COVID-19

American Indian Culture and Research Journal ◽

10.17953/aicrj.44.2.rowe_rowat_walker ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 89-100

Author(s):

Robyn K. Rowe ◽

Julia Rowat ◽

Jennifer D. Walker

Keyword(s):

First Nations ◽

Healthcare System ◽

Scarlet Fever ◽

Nations People ◽

Vulnerable People ◽

History Of ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

First Nations People

First Nations people in Canada have demonstrated and continue to demonstrate persistent and resilient cultural, linguistic, and traditional endurance: survivance. The devastation resulting from centuries of health pandemics such as smallpox, influenza, cholera, tuberculosis, measles, and scarlet fever reinforce the ongoing resilience of First Nations people, cultures, and traditions in Canada. Despite the history of pandemic-related trauma and a myriad of social, political, environmental, and health challenges, as well as the added burden that COVID-19 is placing on the healthcare system in Canada, First Nations’ organizations and leadership are enacting their inherent rights to sovereignty and governance. While First Nations are bracing for the expected negative impacts of COVID-19, they are doing so in ways that respect and honor their histories, cultures, languages, and traditions. First Nations are acting to protect some of the most vulnerable people in their communities including elders, knowledge keepers, and storytellers who carry with them irreplaceable traditional and cultural knowledges.

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Abstract 16725: Family History of Cardiovascular Disease is an Independent Predictor of Gestational Hypertensive Disease and Diabetes: The Korean Nurses’ Survey

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.130.suppl_2.16725 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽

Author(s):

Heesun Lee ◽

Chang-Hwan Yoon ◽

Hyun-Young Park ◽

Hea Young Lee ◽

Dong-Ju Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Family History ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Medical Knowledge ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Hypertensive Disease ◽

Medical Disorders ◽

Hypertensive Disorders ◽

History Of

Background: Gestational hypertensive disorders and diabetes are well-known to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes later in life. However, there were few researches to evaluate the association between family history of cardiovascular disease and the occurrence of pregnancy-related medical disorders. We aimed to investigate whether family history of CVD could predict gestational hypertensive disorders and diabetes. Methods: The Korean Nurses’ Survey was conducted through web-based computer-assisted self-administered questionnaires, which were compiled by consultation to cardiologists, gynecologists, and statisticians, from October to December 2011. We enrolled a total of 9,989 female registered nurses who could answer reliably the questionnaires based on their medical knowledge. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to clarify the effect of family history of CVD on pregnancy-related medical disorders. Result: In this survey, 3900 subjects had more than 1 pregnancy. Among them, 247 interviewees (6.3%) had experienced hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, which included preeclampsia (n = 160, 4.1%) and transient hypertension (n = 144, 3.7%), and 120 (3.1%) had experienced gestational diabetes. And, 2872 subjects (73.6%) answered that they had at least 1 family history of CVD. Having family history of CVD increased the risk of gestational hypertensive disorders (adjusted RR 1.51, 95% CI 1.08-2.11, p = 0.015) and diabetes (adjusted RR 2.40, 95% CI 1.38-4.17, p = 0.002). In particular, family history of hypertension was significantly associated with gestational hypertensive disorders (adjusted RR 2.00, 95% CI 1.47-2.50, p <0.001), and diabetes was highly related with gestational diabetes (adjusted RR 3.37, 95% CI 2.35-4.83, p <0.001), respectively. Furthermore, this relationship was observed regardless of maternal parity. Conclusion: Family history of CVD was a significant predictor of pregnancy-related medical disorders in this survey. Meticulous history taking for family history of CVD can provide the risk of gestational hypertensive disease and diabetes. Thus, special attention should be paid to women with family history of CVD during pregnancy.

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Epidemics and History: Multiple Approaches to the Subject

Новая и новейшая история ◽

10.31857/s013038640017167-1 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Dmitriy Mikhel

Keyword(s):

20Th Century ◽

Great Influence ◽

Medical Knowledge ◽

Public Attention ◽

Medical Texts ◽

Quarter Century ◽

History Of ◽

The Media ◽

New Generation ◽

The 19Th Century

The problems of epidemics have increasingly attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. The history of epidemics has its own historiography, which dates to the physician Hippocrates and the historian Thucydides. Up to the 19th century, historians followed their ideas, but due to the progress in medical knowledge that began at that time, they almost lost interest in the problems of epidemics. In the early 20th century, due to the development of microbiology and epidemiology, a new form of the historiography of epidemics emerged: the natural history of diseases which was developed by microbiologists. At the same time, medical history was reborn, and its representatives saw their task as proving to physicians the usefulness of studying ancient medical texts. Among the representatives of the new generation of medical historians, authors who contributed to the development of the historiography of epidemics eventually emerged. By the end of the 20th century, they included many physician-enthusiasts. Since the 1970s, influenced by many factors, more and more professional historians, for whom the history of epidemics is an integral part of the history of society. The last quarter-century has also seen rapid growth in popular historiography of epidemics, made possible by the activation of various humanities researchers and journalists trying to make the history of epidemics more lively and emotional. A great influence on the spread of new approaches to the study of the history of epidemics is now being exerted by the media, focusing public attention on the new threats to human civilization in the form of modern epidemics.

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Aristotle's Approach to Poetry

Greece and Rome ◽

10.1017/s0017383500033465 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 23-39

Author(s):

B. R. Rees

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

Major Part ◽

Structural Pattern ◽

Classical Text ◽

Samson Agonistes ◽

Tom Jones ◽

Artistic Representation ◽

History Of ◽

Western European ◽

First Time

These are the opening words of Aristotle's Poetics, generally recognized as the most influential work in the history of Western European drama and poetic theory since the Renaissance. The initial statement of the scope of the inquiry is a formidable one; but a reader coming to it for the first time might well be forgiven for concluding that it promises far more than it achieves. Is it possible, he might ask, that all this is contained in a slim volume occupying no more than 47 pages in the Oxford Classical Text and 45 in the Penguin translation? Reading further, he might become even more disillusioned: what he discovers is that, after a very brief and perfunctory introduction on poetry as a form of mimesis or artistic representation, Aristotle limits himself to a discussion of tragedy, a cursory treatment of epic, and a few passing references to comedy, and that, even in the case of tragedy, by far the major part of the argument is devoted to an examination of plot. Can this really be the work which excited scholars in the Renaissance, inspired Milton to write Samson Agonistes, an Aristotelian drama if there ever was one, provided the structural pattern and dramatic conventions for the plays of Racine and Corneille, gave Fielding the principles on which he based his Tom Jones, influenced Goethe and Lessing and, through Lessing, Coleridge, and has won the attention and admiration of critics writing in English from James Harris at the end of the eighteenth century to Richard MacKeon in the second half of the twentieth? And, if so, why?

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Prosthesis: From Grammar to Medicine in the Earliest History of the Word

Disability Studies Quarterly ◽

10.18061/dsq.v38i4.5398 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Brandon W. Hawk

Keyword(s):

Seventeenth Century ◽

Disability Studies ◽

Medical Knowledge ◽

Early History ◽

Archival Material ◽

Printed Books ◽

Study Of Medicine ◽

History Of ◽

Medical Treatises

This article provides an examination of the earliest history of the term prosthesis in English, re-evaluating other such histories with previously unrecognized archival material from early printed books. These sources include sixteenth- and seventeenth-century early printed books such as handbooks of grammar, English dictionaries, British Latin dictionaries, and medical treatises on surgery. Such an investigation reveals both a more nuanced trajectory of the early history of the word in English and fuller context for a shift in meaning from usages in the study of grammar and rhetoric to the study of medicine and surgery. This narrative, then, speaks to the growth of medical knowledge and discourse in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, as well as concepts about disability that remain part of disability studies even in the present field.

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From New Spain to Damascus: Ottoman Religious Authorities and the Making of Medical Knowledge on Tobacco

Early Science and Medicine ◽

10.1163/15733823-12340031 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (5-6) ◽

pp. 561-581

Author(s):

Aslıhan Gürbüzel

Keyword(s):

History Of Medicine ◽

Ottoman Empire ◽

New Spain ◽

Medical Knowledge ◽

Moral Discourse ◽

Medical Opinion ◽

Popular Medicine ◽

History Of

Abstract This article examines the translation, circulation, and adaptation of the medical opinion of Spanish physician Nicolas Monardes (d. 1588) on tobacco in the Ottoman Empire. In addition to medical and encyclopedist authors, the spread of new medical knowledge in learned and eventually popular registers was the result of the efforts of religious authorities. These latter authorities, namely jurists, Sufis, and preachers, took an interest in the bodily and mental effects of smoking for its moral implications. In forming their medical-moral discourse, they sought and studied contemporary medical works of both Ottoman and European provenance. Challenging the strict division between learned and popular medicine, this article argues that Ottoman religious authorities, while often excluded from the history of medicine, played significant roles in the circulation, adaptation, and localization of medical knowledge.

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A Healing Journey with a Thousand Echoes

User-Driven Healthcare and Narrative Medicine ◽

10.4018/978-1-60960-097-6.ch001 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joan W. Young

Keyword(s):

Healthcare System ◽

Medical Knowledge ◽

Health It ◽

Medical Evidence ◽

Personal Account ◽

Alternative Treatments ◽

Healing Journey ◽

Complementary And Alternative Treatments ◽

Complementary And Alternative

In this personal account, the author describes her engagement with the healthcare system and the insights she gained during her struggle to restore her health. It also chronicles how this life-changing event prompted her to help educate others diagnosed with similar diseases and to form an active community for sharing and expanding medical knowledge. After a synopsis of the author’s medical journey in the Introduction, these topics are woven into three main sections: Medical Evidence, Complementary and Alternative Treatments, and the Influence of Technology.

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