scholarly journals A 1 Year Child with Hydrocephalus: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
pp. 826-830
Author(s):  
Deeplata Mendhe ◽  
Divyani Kanholkar ◽  
Ranjana Sharma ◽  
Kavita Gomase ◽  
Mayur Wanjari
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Communicating Hydrocephalus ◽  
Nursing Management ◽  
Abnormal Rate ◽  
Nicu Admission ◽  
The Brain

Introduction: Hydrocephalus is the accumulation of fluid in the cavities deep within the brain. The extra fluids cause the ventricles to expand, putting pressure on the brain. The brain and spinal column are bathed in cerebrospinal fluid, which usually flows into the ventricles. Excessive cerebrospinal fluid pressure caused by hydrocephalus, on the other hand, can harm brain tissues and result in a variety of cognitive impairments. Case Presentation: Here we have selected a case of hydrocephalus. In this case, when the complete history has been taken it found that patient having a history of NICU admission for prematurity and Low Birth Weight for 40 days. During history collection, it found that the child was all right until 4 months of age after which she started to notice that the child's head circumference was increasing at an abnormal rate and has now been brought to AVBRH for further management. After all investigation in MRI brain reveals extensive dilatation of ventricular system including bilateral lateral ventricle and III and IV ventricles associated with wide-open foramen of Luschka and Magendie with thinning of the adjacent cerebral cortex and cerebellar parenchyma. Features suggestive of communicating hydrocephalus. In the EEG record, the background record  shows rhythmic synchronous > 13 Hz beta activity in the bilateral hemisphere. Abnormal EEG record. Then, the doctor planned for the Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy with general anesthesia. Conclusion: In this study, we mainly focus on expert surgical management and excellent nursing care which leads to fast recovery of the patient. After a conversation with the patient, her response was positive and after nursing management and treatment, she was discharged without any postoperative complications and satisfaction of recovery.

Amplitude and phase of cerebrospinal fluid pulsations: experimental studies and review of the literature

2006 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 810-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Wagshul ◽  
John J. Chen ◽  
Michael R. Egnor ◽  
Erin J. McCormack ◽  
Patricia E. Roche
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Communicating Hydrocephalus ◽  
Phase Lag ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Csf Flow ◽  
Prepontine Cistern ◽  
The Brain

Object A recently developed model of communicating hydrocephalus suggests that ventricular dilation may be related to the redistribution of pulsations in the cranium from the subarachnoid spaces (SASs) into the ventricles. Based on this model, the authors have developed a method for analyzing flow pulsatility in the brain by using the ratio of aqueductal to cervical subarachnoid stroke volume and the phase of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow, which is obtained at multiple locations throughout the cranium, relative to the phase of arterial flow. Methods Flow data were collected in a group of 15 healthy volunteers by using a series of images acquired with cardiac-gated, phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging. The stroke volume ratio was 5.1 ± 1.8% (mean ± standard deviation). The phase lag in the aqueduct was −52.5 ± 16.5° and the phase lag in the prepontine cistern was −22.1 ± 8.2°. The flow phase at the level of C-2 was +5.1 ± 10.5°, which was consistent with flow synchronous with the arterial pulse. The subarachnoid phase lag ventral to the pons was shown to decrease progressively to zero at the craniocervical junction. Flow in the posterior cervical SAS preceded the anterior space flow. Conclusions Under normal conditions, pulsatile ventricular CSF flow is a small fraction of the net pulsatile CSF flow in the cranium. A thorough review of the literature supports the view that modified intracranial compliance can lead to redistribution of pulsations and increased intraventricular pulsations. The phase of CSF flow may also reflect the local and global compliance of the brain.

Hypothalamic Hamartoma in a Dog

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Hypothalamic Hamartoma ◽  
Tuber Cinereum ◽  
Mammillary Bodies ◽  
Spongiform Change ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Rostral Part

A 10-month-old female, Wire-haired Pointing Griffon dog had a hamartoma of the hypothalamus. Episodes of sudden flaccid collapse had increased in frequency and duration for 7 months. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure was normal. A flat, pedunculated mass, 2.5×3.0×0.9 cm, covered the brain stem between the pituitary gland and pons. Its 1.2-cm-diameter connection to the hypothalamus obliterated the mammillary bodies and extended to the tuber cinereum, distorting the hypothalamus and displacing the third ventricle which also divided the rostral part of the mass. The tissue of the hamartoma resembled gray matter with bullous cytoplasmic vacuolation of many neurons, spongiform change, gemistocytosis and microscopic foci of calcification.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure Alterations in Experimental Communicating Hydrocephalus

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
Ernst-Peter Strecker ◽  
Gary R. Novak ◽  
G. Kauffmann ◽  
R. Hemmer ◽  
Everette James, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure ◽  
Communicating Hydrocephalus

HYDROCEPHALUS TREATED BY ARACHNOID-URETEROSTOMY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-334
Author(s):  
DONALD D. MATSON
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Spinal Fluid ◽  
Communicating Hydrocephalus ◽  
Mechanical Obstruction ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Prolonged Observation

Parents of an infant with hydrocephalus are interested not in having their child kept alive but in giving it a chance for normal development. Therefore, once it is established that progressive hydrocephalus exists, temporizing measures and prolonged observation should be discouraged in favor of a definitive procedure which will immediately and continuously reduce spinal fluid pressure to within normal limits. This series of patients indicates that this objective can be accomplished by diversion of cerebrospinal fluid into the urinary tract. The complications of this procedure are three: (1) mechanical obstruction of the shunt, which has been seen in only a few cases and has always been remediable; (2) meningitis, which has occurred in 8 out of 50 patients postoperatively and has been fatal in 3; and (3) acute dehydration secondary to intercurrent infection because of unreplaced loss of fluid and electrolytes through the shunt, which has been fatal in 8 to 10 of these patients. Thirty-three out of 50 patients with severe communicating hydrocephalus treated by arachnoid-ureterostomy are living, and of these 31 are satisfactory to excellent results to date. At least 24 of these children appear to be entirely asymptomatic with normal or close to normal mental and physical development at periods from a few months to over four years.

A Large Deformation Finite Element Model for Non-Communicating Hydrocephalus

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel A. Lefever ◽  
José Jaime García ◽  
Joshua H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Ventricular Volume ◽  
Communicating Hydrocephalus ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The Brain

In a healthy brain, a continuous flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced in the choroid plexus, located in the lateral ventricles. Most of the CSF drains via the Sylvius aqueduct into the subarachnoid space around the brain, but a small amount flows directly through the cerebrum into the subarachnoid space inside the skull. Non-communicating hydrocephalus occurs when an obstruction blocks the Sylvius aqueduct. Because the cerebrum has only limited capacity for CSF to flow through it, CSF accumulates in the ventricles, yielding a significant increase in ventricular volume and deformation of the cerebrum, which may lead to tissue damage.

Oxygenation of the cat primary visual cortex

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 1490-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lissa B. Padnick ◽  
Robert A. Linsenmeier ◽  
Thomas K. Goldstick
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Tissue Oxygenation ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure ◽  
The Brain

Tissue [Formula: see text] was measured in the primary visual cortex of anesthetized, artificially ventilated normovolemic cats to examine tissue oxygenation with respect to depth. The method utilized 1) a chamber designed to maintain cerebrospinal fluid pressure and prevent ambient[Formula: see text] from influencing the brain, 2) a microelectrode capable of recording electrical activity as well as local[Formula: see text], and 3) recordings primarily during electrode withdrawal from the cortex rather than during penetrations. Local peaks in the [Formula: see text] profiles were consistent with the presence of numerous vessels. Excluding the superficial 200 μm of the cortex, in which the ambient[Formula: see text] may have influenced tissue[Formula: see text], there was a slight decrease (4.9 Torr/mm cortex) in [Formula: see text] as a function of depth. After all depths and cats were weighted equally, the average [Formula: see text] in six cats was 12.8 Torr, with approximately one-half of the values being ≤10 Torr. The kurtosis of the [Formula: see text] histogram, with all depths and cats weighted equally, was 3.61, and the skewness was 1.70.

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