scholarly journals Risk Factors for the Formation of Inflammatory Diseases of the Upper Digestive Tract in Children in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Tatiana Temirbolatovna Boraeva ◽  
Ulyana Viktorovna Matveeva ◽  
Asya Bekovna Revazova ◽  
Bela Zakharovna Albegova ◽  
Kharon Beslanovich Arapiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Upper Digestive Tract ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Moment ◽  
North Ossetia

In recent years, cases of diseases of the digestive tract among preschool and school-age children have become significantly more frequent. This article analyzes the influence of various factors (heredity, living conditions, age, gender, lifestyle) on the likelihood of morbidity. Chronic pathology of the upper digestive tract in the vast majority of children begins at preschool age with further significant growth from the moment they attend school. Close attention is required by children whose parents and immediate relatives suffer from gastroenterological diseases. Modern diagnosis of the disease will reduce the risk of development and progression of the most common pathology of the digestive organs of childhood and avoid the development of severe complications.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Diseases of the Upper Digestive Tract in Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Tatiana Temirbolatovna Boraeva ◽  
Milana Aslanbekovna Vadaeva ◽  
Ulyana Viktorovna Matveeva ◽  
Asya Bekovna Revazova ◽  
Bela Zakharovna Albegova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Upper Digestive Tract ◽  
Digestive Organs ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
North Ossetia

In the Russian Federation, there is a tendency to increase the incidence of a number of nosologies, the prevalence of chronic diseases and the deterioration of health among children and adolescents. Diseases of the digestive organs occupy a leading place in the structure of somatic pathology of childhood. According to the statistical data of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania (RNO – Alania), for seven years the prevalence of pathology of the digestive organs, including inflammatory bowel diseases, among children and adolescents has increased in the republic as a whole and regions separately. By 2022, it is predicted that the level of general and newly detected morbidity among children with pathology of the upper digestive tract will increase by 1.5-2 times.

scholarly journals Asthma Controller Medications for Children in Japan

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 2333794X1557779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shota Hamada ◽  
Hironobu Tokumasu ◽  
Akira Sato ◽  
Masahiro Iwasaku ◽  
Koji Kawakami
Keyword(s):  
Inhaled Corticosteroids ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Administrative Claims ◽  
School Age ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Controller Medications ◽  
Antiasthma Drugs

Background. Treatment and management strategies for asthma in children are generally consistent internationally, but prescription of antiasthma drugs differs among countries. The objective of this study was to examine the prescribing patterns of antiasthma drugs, particularly controller medications, in children. Methods. A retrospective cohort study was performed in children with asthma using an administrative claims database in Japan. Results. A total of 1149 preschool-age and 3226 school-age children were identified. Leukotriene receptor antagonists were prescribed for about 80% of the children. Long-acting β-agonists were prescribed for 87.6% and 59.6% of preschool-age and school-age children, respectively, whereas prescriptions of inhaled corticosteroids had lower rates of 8.2% and 16.5%, respectively. In an examination of prescriptions at 1-month intervals, a relatively high number of children were prescribed bronchodilators without anti-inflammatory agents. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that asthma care for children in Japan can be improved through changes in drug prescriptions.

Deficient Emotional Self-Regulation in Preschoolers With ADHD: Identification, Comorbidity, and Interpersonal Functioning

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 887-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grazia Melegari ◽  
Roberto Sacco ◽  
Barbara Manzi ◽  
Elena Vittori ◽  
Antonio M. Persico
Keyword(s):  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Interpersonal Functioning ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Psychiatric Interview

Objective: This study aims to develop an age-adjusted Child Behavior Checklist- (CBCL) and Teacher Report Form (TRF)-based method for the detection of deficient emotional self-regulation (DESR) in preschoolers with ADHD and to assess its incidence, comorbidities, and consequences on interpersonal functioning. Method: Eighty-six ADHD preschoolers and 104 controls were assessed using CBCL, TRF/1½ to 5, Psychiatric Interview With Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment, Leiter-R, and ADHD rating scales. Results: Greatest sensitivity and specificity were obtained applying slightly lower threshold scores compared with school-age children (CBCL: Anxiety/Depression [A/D] ≥ 59, Attention Problems [AP] ≥ 60, Aggression Behaviors [AB] ≥ 58; TRF: A/D ≥ 59, AP ≥ 60, AB ≥ 60). DESR was detected in 33/86 (38.4%) and in 16/54 (29.6%) ADHD preschoolers versus 2/104 (1.9%) controls using CBCL and TRF, respectively. DESR is associated with significantly greater comorbidity and impairment in interpersonal functioning. Conclusion: Among ADHD preschoolers, DESR (a) requires lower CBCL and TRF threshold scores for detection, compared with school-age children, (b) displays similar incidence rates, and (c) is associated with enhanced psychiatric comorbidity and interpersonal difficulties.

scholarly journals Vitamin D for secondary prevention of acute wheeze attacks in preschool and school-age children

Thorax ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 977-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Stefanidis ◽  
Adrian R Martineau ◽  
Chinedu Nwokoro ◽  
Christopher J Griffiths ◽  
Andrew Bush
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tract Infections

IntroductionVitamin D is best known for its role in bone health; however, the discovery of the vitamin D receptor and the expression of the gene encoding the vitamin D 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) enzyme in a wide variety of tissues including immune cells and respiratory epithelium has led to the discovery of potential roles for vitamin D in the prevention of acute wheeze.MethodsWe review here the literature concerning the relationships between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and secondary prevention of acute wheeze attacks in preschool and school-age children.ResultsEpidemiological data suggest that vitamin D insufficiency (25(OH)D <75 nmol/L) is highly prevalent in preschool and school-age children with wheeze. Preschool age children with a history of wheeze attacks and circulating 25(OH)D <75 nmol/L are at increased risk and frequency of future acute wheeze. However, no consistent association between low vitamin D status and risk of acute wheeze is reported in school-age children. Seven randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with relatively small sample sizes (30–430) and variable quality showed inconsistent results regarding the effect of oral vitamin D supplementation during childhood on the risk of asthma attacks, asthma symptom control, inhaled corticosteroid requirements, spirometry and unscheduled healthcare attendances for wheeze. A RCT showed that vitamin D supplementation had no effect on the frequency of unplanned healthcare attendances due to acute wheeze in 22 preschool children.DiscussionAn evidence-based recommendation for the use of vitamin D as a preventive therapy for wheeze attacks cannot be made until results of further trials are available. The assessment of circulating 25(OH)D concentration and the optimisation of vitamin D status to prevent acute respiratory tract infections, and to maintain skeletal and general health in preschool and school-age children with acute wheeze is worthwhile in its own right, but whether this will reduce the risk of acute wheeze attacks is unclear.

INTELLECTUAL AND PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN WITH GALACTOSEMIA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-419
Author(s):  
K. Fishler ◽  
G. N. Donnell ◽  
W. R. Bergren ◽  
R. Koch
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Developmental Progress ◽  
Intellectual Achievement ◽  
Intellectual Status

This study deals with the developmental and intellectual status of 45 treated galactosemia patients, 23 females and 22 males, followed longitudinally for up to 23 years. Intellectual achievement, visual-perceptual ability, and EEG findings are analyzed. The intellectual status of the parents and unaffected siblings of the galactosemia patients are also considered. The findings indicate that the preschool age group of children show the best developmental progress by the psychometric tests used, those of school age level scoring lower, but still within the low normal range. Adult patients demonstrate better intellectual achievement than the school age children, possibly due to a compensatory process. The greatest incidence of visual-perceptual difficulties was found in the school-age group, and remedial educational programs were necessary for some of these children. In each group, emotional-social characteristics were observed which may reflect the continuing nature of dietary restriction. The overall findings indicate that early treatment results in a more favorable outcome than does a delay in initiation of dietary restriction.

OSAS in children: Correlation between endoscopic and polysomnographic findings

2005 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana C. P. Valera ◽  
Melissa A. G. Avelino ◽  
Márcia B. Pettermann ◽  
Reginaldo Fujita ◽  
Shirley S. N. Pignatari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical History ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Tonsillar Hypertrophy ◽  
Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Preschool Age Children ◽  
History Of

OBJECTIVES: To correlate polysomnographic findings with clinical history of apnea, the degree of obstruction caused by tonsillar hypertrophy, and to age group. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: 267 children with a clinical diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS) were evaluated. Patients were divided into preschool- and school-age categories, and subdivided in 3 additional groups, according to tonsillar hypertrophy. Polysomnographic findings were compared within groups. RESULTS: 34% of children had history of OSAS and normal polysomnographic findings. Tonsillar hypertrophy was correlated to more severe apnea among preschool-age children, but not among school-age children. Among children with tonsillar hypertrophy, more severe apnea was observed in preschool-age children than in school-age children. CONCLUSIONS: There is little correlation between polysomnographic and clinical findings in children with OSAS. SIGNIFICANCE: Adenotonsillar hypertrophy leads to more severe polysomnographic patterns in preschool-age children. More severe apnea is observed in younger children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy than in older ones.

scholarly journals Iodine status among school age children in the Republic of Seychelles

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (OCE3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Monaghan ◽  
M.S. Mulhern ◽  
E.M. McSorley ◽  
J.J. Strain ◽  
T. Winter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
The Republic
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