scholarly journals Case Report of Maggot Infestation on Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Author(s):  
K. Menaka ◽  
Elsa Jacob ◽  
Gladys Kalpana ◽  
T. Sivakumar ◽  
Noveena Rao ◽  
...  

Myiasis is originated from the Greek word, Miya, which means fly.  Fly larva are called maggots. Infestation in humans by maggots is called myiasis. Fly maggots feed on and develop in the tissues of living beings and this condition is known as myasis. The maggot (larvae) invades the skin and subcutaneous tissue is known as Maggot infestation. It was found that farmers who are working in agricultural fields are more susceptible to this infestation. Myiasis symptoms may vary according to the fly type, the number of larvae, and the location of the infected area. Many organs can be infested by these larvae and the most common form is cutaneous myasis. The predisposing factors of cutaneous myasisare cutaneous immobilization, advanced age, poor social conditions, mental retardation, diabetes mellitus, alcoholism, vascular occlusive disease, and infected dermatitis as myiasis. Myiasis is more common in tropical and subtropical countries, especially in rural regions where people are in close contact with animals.Myiasisrepresents the fourth most common travel-associated skin disease. Here we report case on 55-year-old female patient was admitted with complaints of diabetic foot ulcer over left foot for 1 and half months and maggots were examined in the wound. The complete blood cell count [CBC] test shows that her HbA1c level was increased to 10.1%. The patient has undergone wound debridement on left forefoot and maggots were completely removed.

Author(s):  
Yousif Alsanawi ◽  
Hassan Alismail ◽  
Mustafa AlabdRabalnabi ◽  
Hattan Alturki ◽  
Abdullah Alsuhaibani ◽  
...  

Diabetes mellitus is a major healthcare issue worldwide, and the trends keep rising. Diabetic foot ulcer is a morbidity associated with the disease process and causes significant impairment in quality of life due to its severe complications including infection, gangrene, and amputation. In this study, we aim to understand the pathogenesis of diabetic foot ulcer, its complications, and management strategies. We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed and EMBASE from January 1970 to March 2017. The following search terms were used: diabetic foot ulcer, complications of diabetes mellitus, foot gangrene, surgical debridement of foot ulcer, osteomyelitis. Diabetic foot ulcer is a common morbidity in patients with diabetes mellitus, which can lead to lower limb amputation unless a prompt, rational, multidisciplinary approach to therapy is taken. Proper management can ensure successful and fast healing which includes patient education, blood glucose control, wound debridement, advanced dressing, offloading, and surgery.


Author(s):  
Joseph Cutteridge ◽  
Katarzyna Bera

A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus that results in significant morbidity and mortality. The lifetime risk of a patient with diabetes developing a DFU is 15-25%1. Furthermore, the incidence of DFUs is increasing in line with the growing burden of diabetes worldwide. The number of lower limb amputations secondary to diabetes has reached an all-time high in England, with 26,378 recorded from 2014-2017, an increase of 19.4% from 2010-20132. Maggot debridement therapy (MDT) involves the application of sterile larvae, usually of the species Lucilla sericata (common green bottle fly), which remove devitalised tissue to promote wound healing. This historical therapy re-emerged in the 1990s to combat the increasing incidence of recalcitrant wounds, such as DFUs. Since its reintroduction, there has been ongoing debate in the medical literature regarding the efficacy of MDT in the treatment of DFUs and other chronic wounds. We present the case of a 57-year-old male admitted with diabetic foot sepsis and multiorgan failure and discuss how MDT was used to complement initial surgical and antibiotic management. A 14-day course of MDT improved wound debridement and decreased necrotic tissue burden, after which no further surgical interventions were needed. This case provides further evidence that MDT is effective in the selective debridement of necrotic tissue and can aid the preservation of limb length in DFU patients, thereby highlighting the importance of MDT in multispecialist diabetic foot care.


Author(s):  
Ratna Aryani (Corresponding author) ◽  
Uun Nurulhuda

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a condition of deep tissue damage associated with Diabetes Mellitus in the lower extremities. Conducted with quantitative research of single group method with pre and post test design approach, this research primarily aims to know the effectiveness of utilizing combination of Autolysis & Conservative Sharp Wound Debridement in preparing granulation on unstageable DFU. It involved 30 respondents in the wound care clinic as the research sample and used the Wound Bed Score observation sheets measured on days 1, 7 and 28. The data analysis to determine effectiveness before and after intervention was carried out using dependent t-test (paired t-test), whilst to test effectiveness of giving intervention after controlled confounder was performed by linear regression. Based on the characteristics of the respondent’s, it is revealed that most of them were female (83.3%) and have normal BMI (80%). The average age of the respondents were 55.43 years old with the duration of DM of 13.27 years with average blood sugar of 101.2 mg/dL. The highest mean difference was on the 1st day of the 28th. The statistical results of this study indicated that the mean difference values for day 1 and 7 were 0.133 (SD 1.19, p value = 0.546), mean difference of day 7 and day 28th grade was of 2.5 (SD 1.306, p value=0.0001) and mean difference between day 1 and day 28 was of 2.63 (SD 1.273, p value=0.0001). This research recommends that the further research use different research methods.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Nur Azizah ◽  
Irfani Intan ◽  
Dwiyana Tulak ◽  
Muhammad Adhan Kurniawan ◽  
Titi Iswanti Afelya

Latar Belakang : Diabetes Melitus (DM) adalah penyakit kronis serius yang terjadi ketika pankreas tidak menghasilkan cukup insulin (hormon yang mengatur glukosa darah), atau ketika tubuh tidak dapat secara efektif menggunakan insulin yang dihasilkannya. Menurut International Diabetes Federation, terdapat 425 juta orang yang menderita diabetes di dunia dan akan meningkat sebesar 629 juta orang pada tahun 2045. Terdapat lebih dari 10.276.100 kasus diabetes di Indonesia pada tahun 2017 dari total populasi dewasa sebesar 166.531.000 yang berarti terdapat prevalensi penderita diabetes sebesar 6,7% dan menduduki peringkat 6 dari 10 negara teratas untuk jumlah penderita diabetes. Penderita diabetes memiliki peningkatan risiko sejumlah masalah kesehatan yang serius. Banyak yang mengeluhkan terjadinya ulkus diabetik yaitu luka terbuka pada penderita DM sehingga diabetes melitus menjadi penyebab terjadinya amputasi kaki pada penderita DM. Amputasi terjadi 15 kali lebih sering pada penderita diabetes daripada non diabetes. Pada tahun 2032, seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah penyandang diabetes di dunia, terjadi peningkatan kaki diabetik. Perawatan kaki yang dilakukan secara efektif dapat mencegah resiko ulkus menjadi amputasi. Dengan dilakukan manajemen yang komprehensif, sebagian besar amputasi yang berkaitan dengan diabetes dapat dicegah. Bahkan ketika amputasi berlangsung, kaki yang tersisa dan kehidupan orang tersebut dapat diselamatkan dengan perawatan tindak lanjut yang baik.Tujuan : Untuk memberikan gambaran perawatan luka serta menilai proses perawatan dan perkembangan luka kaki diabetes pada pasien diabetes melitus selama 5 minggu perawatan.Metode : penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian yang dilakukan secara prospektif yang dimulai dari tanggal 10 September – 9 Oktober 2018 di Klinik Perawatan Luka Griya Afiat, Makassar. Status Demografi dan pengkajian luka didapatkan melalui wawancara langsung kepada pasien dan keluarga serta menilai luka menggunakan format Asuhan Keperawatan Luka dari Klinik Griya Afiat.Hasil : Pada minggu pertama perawatan, Keadaan luka memiliki banyak undermining. Berdasarkan struktur lapisan kulit, luka berada pada full thickness. Penampilan klinis lain ditemukan adanya slough/infeksi, disertai odor, kulit sekitar luka mengalami maserasi, serta edema. Teknik debridemen yang digunakan yaitu Conservatif Sharp Wound Debridement (CSWD) dan autolysis. Dressing yang digunakan pada perawatan luka yaitu hidrofobik dan salep zink sebagai dressing primer, kasa steril dan diaper sebagai balutan sekunder, serta kasa gulung sebagai balutan tersier. Untuk perawatan periwound digunkan salep zink. Terjadi perubahan ukuran yang berbeda-beda pada tiap luka dan meningkatnya proses granulasi dan epitelisasi tiap minggu perawatan hingga minggu kelima perawatan, keadaan luka mulai mengalami peningkatan epitelisasi dan mengalami perubahan ukuran luka terutama pada undermining, presentasi slough menurun, tanda infeksi lokal mulai berkurang.Kesimpulan : Selama proses perawatan luka selama 5 minggu, Proses penyembuhan luka mengalami progress yang baik. Pada minggu pertama dan kedua mengalami fase inflamasi, pada minggu ketiga hingga kelima mengalami proses poliferasi. waktu proses penyembuhan luka berjalan lambat, terjadi perubahan ukuran dan kedalaman yang berbeda-beda pada beberapa luka di setiap minggu perawatan, luka tidak berpotensi amputasi dengan tidak terdapatnya luka nekrotik selama 5 minggu perawatan, tanda-tanda infeksi lokal pada luka semakin berkurang di setiap minggu perawatan, terdapat edema pada kaki kiri yang mengalami luka diabetik serta kaki kanan sehingga diperlukan pemeriksaan lebih lanjut untuk mengatasi faktor lain yang menghambat proses penyembuhan.Keywords : Diabetes Milletus, Luka Kaki Diabetes, Post Autoamputasi.


2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 3305
Author(s):  
Khalilur Rahman A. ◽  
Jawahar Krishnaswamy ◽  
Reshma Sattar

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers are a prevalent and serious global health issue. Dressings form a key part of ulcer treatment. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the outcome of various dressings in management of diabetic foot among the patients with diabetic foot ulcer.Methods: This is a prospective study carried out in a surgical unit of Saveetha Medical College & Hospital, Chennai, Tamilnadu, from February 2015 January 2017. All patients were allocated randomly into four groups – Group A, Group B, Group C and Group D which corresponded to saline, povidone-iodine, metronidazole and eusol dressing respectively. Data was collected by history taking, clinical examination, and follow up of the cases. All patients underwent daily surgical wound debridement and dressing. The results were collected, analyzed and compared.Results: total of 83 patients were evaluated age ranged between 20 to 80 years with maximal clustering between 51-60 years of age. Male to female ratio was 2:1. Poor glycemic control and diabetes for more than 5 – 10 years increase the risk of foot ulcer. Usage of Povidone Iodine, Eusol and Metronidazole did not offer any healing benefit when compared to normal saline dressing.Conclusions: Early diagnosis, proper management like bed rest, adequate surgical wound debridement and non-irritant dressing is the mainstay of treatment for diabetic foot ulcer without ischemia. Since diabetic foot has a multi factorial origin, multi-disciplinary approach forms the backbone for the management of diabetic foot.


Author(s):  
Dustin Kruse ◽  
Kenneth Morgan ◽  
Jeremy Christensen ◽  
Brian Derner ◽  
Brett Sachs

Vaporous Hyperoxia Therapy (VHTTM), a patented FDA-510 (k) cleared technology, is an adjunct therapy used in conjunction with standard wound care (SWC). VHT is said to improve the health of wounded tissue by administering a low-frequency, non-contact, non-thermal ionic anti-microbial hydrating mist alternating with concentrated topical oxygen therapy (TOT). VHT was used to treat 36 subjects with chronic diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) that were previously treated unsuccessfully with SWC. The average age of DFU in the study was 11 months old and the average size was over 3 cm2. Wounds were either Wagner Grade 2 or 3 and most commonly on the plantar surface around the midfoot. Treatment consisted of twice weekly applications of VHT and wound debridement. Subjects were followed to wound closure, 20 weeks, or 40 treatments, whichever came first. The combination of SWC and VHT in the group that met and maintained compliance throughout the study period achieved an 83% DFU closure rate within a 20-week time period. The average time for DFU closure in this study was 9.4 weeks. Historical analysis of SWC shows a 30.9% healing rate of all wounds, not differentiating chronic wounds. Accordingly, SWC/VHT increases chronic diabetic foot ulcer healing rates by 2.85 times compared with SWC alone. The purpose of this study was two-fold: first, to observe the effect of VHT on healing rates and time to healing in previously nonhealing DFUs and second, to compare VHT with SWC, TOT and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) and ultrasound therapies.


Author(s):  
Dr. Devi Das Verma ◽  
Dr. Anil Kumar Saxena

Introduction:  Diabetes is one of the most prevalent metabolic chronic diseases due to the imbalance production of insulin. One of the studies reported that in 2010 worldwide 285 million adults had diabetes and this figure may be increase to 439 million by the year 2030. Globally Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) constitute major health problem in people that significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality in diabetes patients. Approximate 1.0% to 4.1% of the annual population-based incidences of a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) were reported. Due to this the lifetime may be as high as 25%. In Asian countries diabetic foot ulcer are major problems which are different from European countries or developing countries.  From many studies reported diabetic foot problems in India are infectious and neuropathic in nature as compared to developed countries. According to World Health Organization (WHO) diabetic foot is defined as lower limb of a diabetic patient characterized by infection, potential risk of pathologic consequences ulceration or destruction of deep tissues associated with neurological abnormalities, various changes in peripheral neuropathy vasculopathy and superimposed infection that are mainly responsible foot ulceration. Ulcers are one kind of abscess which is difficult to treat because of poor wound healing that result from a combination of neuropathy, ischemia and hyperglycemia.  Aim: The main objective was to study the outcome of treatment modalities and it’s relating factors to complication in diabetic foot ulcer.  Material and method:  Total 60 diabetic foot ulcer patients with the age range from 20 to 70 years were included.  From all the patients’ detailed past and present history were recorded.  For all the patients, general, physical and local and systemic examinations were also done. Detail   laboratory examination like Fasting and Post Prandial Blood sugar levels, blood count, ECG, ESR, complete urine examination for the presence of ketone bodies and sugar, x-ray as well as culture and sensitivity of the discharge from ulcer were also done. Patients were treated with various treatment methods like conservative treatment, split skin grafting and amputation. Result: In this study male patients were more in proportion as compared to female. This study showed that maximum with the age group 14 -50 (43.3%) years old followed by 18.3% in 31-40 years old, 16.7% in 61-70 years old.  6.7% showed the least age group as 20 -30 years old.  Out of total 60 patients, 38.3% of the patients showed diabetic ulcer foot which was more whereas 15% showed diabetic gangrene foot which was least. 25% showed diabetic cellulites foot and 21.7% showed as diabetic abscess foot.  Conclusion: Globally as diabetes mellitus cases are increasing and it became rapidly the public health problem. This may be due to burden on economy, health system and on society to manage the diabetic foot problems. Diabetic foot management guidelines must be made into our practice protocols which may preventing limb loss, and decrease mortality and increase the quality of life of the patient. Hence for this it is only possible with the help of foot care education and health care workers.  Hence, foot infection is to put first and care for it like hands. Keywords: Diabetes, foot ulcers, infections, amputations.


2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fakhraddeen Muhammad ◽  
Lateefah Pedro ◽  
Hassan Suleiman ◽  
Enikuomehin Adenike ◽  
Rahila Mukhtar ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maksym Prystupiuk ◽  
Iuliia Onofriichuk ◽  
Lev Prystupiuk ◽  
Ludmila Naumova ◽  
Marianna Naumova

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