Incidence of Phlebitis Following the Use of Peripheral IV Line at X Hospital

Introduction: Intravenous (IV) line infusion therapy is a therapy given to patients who are admitted or having a specific therapy. The IV-line therapy may include fluid therapy, medication administration and blood therapy. Based on the data found in Hospital X, there were 30 incidence of phlebitis in 2017. This study aimed to describe the factors of phlebitis incidence in X hospital. Method: This study was a retrospective study using 50 clinical record of the inpatient patients. The inclusion criteria were all documents of those who are hospitalized at least three days. Result: The result describes three factors following the incidence of phlebitis, such as intrinsic factors, chemical factors, and mechanical factors. The Intrinsic factors included age, gender and medical diagnosis. While Mechanical factors consist of the size of catheter, location and length of infusion. The Chemical factors were of infusion fluid type and infusion rate. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study was the three factors are modifiable factors. Thus, nurses need to assess and evaluate patients’ infusion in order to prevent a higher case of phlebitis. As a recommendation for further study is to analyze the correlation between those factors to the incidence of phlebitis.

Factors Affecting Secondary Traumatic Stress Disorder among Search and Rescue Team in Makassar

Introduction: Disaster is an unwanted event and usually occur suddenly and is accompanied by many victims. Disasters can have many impacts, both physical and psychological. The psychological impact that can arise on disaster victims is called Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Not only on the victim, the person who served as a helper also can have psychological disorders. Psychological disorders in these helpers are called Secondary Traumatic Stress Disorder (STSD). This study was aimed to identify factors that influence the incidence STSD the Search and Rescue (SAR) teams in universities and BASARNAS Makassar. Method: This research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach using total sampling techniques the samples in this study were all sar and basrnas member (n=60) who agreed to be the respondent and have involved in rescue activity on one last year. Data is collected by distributing questionnaires. Questionnaires used were Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale and Crisis Support Scale. The statistical test used Chi square test, Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression analysis. Result: The study showed that there was a relationship between the frequency of exposure, social support, and the length of work (p<0,05) and the incidence of STSD. However, the type of exposure has no significant relationship with the incidence of STSD. Conclusion: Social support is the most significant factor compared to the frequency of exposure, the type of disaster and length of work / joining. This research is expected to provide additional information on STSD risk factors. For future researchers, in order to examine other variables which is trauma history and coping mechanism the SAR team to experience symptoms of STSD

The Description of Violence among School-Age Children in Yogyakarta

Introduction: The occurrence of violence to students increases every year. It came from their parents, environment, and the students. The violence types were physical, verbal or emotional, sexual, and economy. There were several consequences from the violence such as disruption of the child psychic, seriously injured, or trauma. Method: This research used quantitative descriptive with cross sectional design. The population in this research was 220 elementary students in Yogyakarta. The sample of this research was 130 samples that was taken used random sampling technique. The criteria of sample were the students who allowed to participate the research with their parents or parents and never diagnose or have no mental illness beforehand. The instrument in this research was a questionnaire about violence overview that was developed by the researcher and had undertaken the validity and reliability tests. The data analysis used descriptive analysis. Result: Mostly, the violence to the students was dominated by female (51.5%) and students in the low economic background (62.3%). There was an occurrence of violence (56.9%) and verbal violence (68.9%) as the common violence. The largest violence location commonly happened at school (93.2%). Conclusion: The violence prevalence was quite large to students and commonly happened at school. Further research about the factors that influenced the occurrence of violence was needed.

The Indonesian Version of Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire (EBPQ): An Evaluation of Reliability

Introduction: The use of evidence-based practice (EBP) has been demonstrated to increase the quality of patient care. However, the extent to which it is practiced in Indonesia is yet to be determined. It was necessary to develop a means of measuring EBP in order to acquire a profile of the use of EBP in Indonesia. The EBP questionnaire (EBPQ) developed by Upton and Upton was selected in the current study to evaluate the perceptions of healthcare workers regarding their knowledge of, attitudes toward, and practice of EBP. This questionnaire is widely recognized; however, an Indonesian version has not yet been developed. This study aimed to translate the EBPQ developed by Upton and Upton into Indonesian and to evaluate its reliability. Method: WHO framework on how to translate and adapt an instrument was applied. On completion of the forward translation and discussion process, backward translation of the EBPQ was performed, after which it was pretested and finalized. Reliability was tested by testing the questionnaire on 42 nurses at five hospitals in Depok and Jakarta. Result: Four words were changed. All items are valid. The reliability analysis resulted Cronbach’s a of 0.96 (a = 0.92, 0.80, and 0.96 for practice, attitude, and knowledge, respectively. Thus, 24 translated statements determined to be valid and reliable, were included in the final version. Conclusion: The Indonesian translated version of the EBPQ proposed by Upton and Upton was demonstrated to be valid and reliable. Further studies on the perceptions of healthcare workers are warranted.

The Influence of Oral Hygiene Education on The Oral Health Status of Patients Suffering from HIV/AIDS

Introduction: Poor oral hygiene and dental care can affect oral intake which results in decreased endurance and increases the risk of opportunistic or systemic infections. Method: The research was carried out the RSUD dr. M. Haulussy Ambon, Maluku, Indonesia, using a quasi-experimental method, involving 30 nurses and 20 patients. The level of knowledge and skills is evaluated before and after oral hygiene education for nurses. Patients were measured with a Beck Oral Assessment Scale (BOAS) score, and C. albicans yeast culture before and after the intervention was given in the form of oral hygiene using a soft toothbrush and dental floss for one week. Result: The influence of oral hygiene education on nurses knowledge with median value of pre-education 36.00 and post-education 91.00 and nurse skills have median value of pre-education 67.00 and post-education 100.00 with a significant value of p = 0.001 <0.05. There is an increase in knowledge and skills after educational activities. Before oral hygiene treatment was applied with a review of the BOAS score it had a median value of 11.00 after the intervention became 6.00 a significant value of p= 0.001<0.05, which showed a decrease in scores after oral hygiene treatment. Examination of C. albicans fungus with a median value of 79.00 pre-intervention and 31.00 at post-intervention, a significant value of p= 0.001, showed a decrease in the number of post-intervention fungi. Conclusion: Nurses should conducted Oral hygiene regularly to improve oral health status of AIDs patiens.

Diabetic Foot Ulcer Treatment Post AutoAmputation Digiti Pedis Sinistra: Case Study

Latar Belakang : Diabetes Melitus (DM) adalah penyakit kronis serius yang terjadi ketika pankreas tidak menghasilkan cukup insulin (hormon yang mengatur glukosa darah), atau ketika tubuh tidak dapat secara efektif menggunakan insulin yang dihasilkannya. Menurut International Diabetes Federation, terdapat 425 juta orang yang menderita diabetes di dunia dan akan meningkat sebesar 629 juta orang pada tahun 2045. Terdapat lebih dari 10.276.100 kasus diabetes di Indonesia pada tahun 2017 dari total populasi dewasa sebesar 166.531.000 yang berarti terdapat prevalensi penderita diabetes sebesar 6,7% dan menduduki peringkat 6 dari 10 negara teratas untuk jumlah penderita diabetes. Penderita diabetes memiliki peningkatan risiko sejumlah masalah kesehatan yang serius. Banyak yang mengeluhkan terjadinya ulkus diabetik yaitu luka terbuka pada penderita DM sehingga diabetes melitus menjadi penyebab terjadinya amputasi kaki pada penderita DM. Amputasi terjadi 15 kali lebih sering pada penderita diabetes daripada non diabetes. Pada tahun 2032, seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah penyandang diabetes di dunia, terjadi peningkatan kaki diabetik. Perawatan kaki yang dilakukan secara efektif dapat mencegah resiko ulkus menjadi amputasi. Dengan dilakukan manajemen yang komprehensif, sebagian besar amputasi yang berkaitan dengan diabetes dapat dicegah. Bahkan ketika amputasi berlangsung, kaki yang tersisa dan kehidupan orang tersebut dapat diselamatkan dengan perawatan tindak lanjut yang baik.Tujuan : Untuk memberikan gambaran perawatan luka serta menilai proses perawatan dan perkembangan luka kaki diabetes pada pasien diabetes melitus selama 5 minggu perawatan.Metode : penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian yang dilakukan secara prospektif yang dimulai dari tanggal 10 September – 9 Oktober 2018 di Klinik Perawatan Luka Griya Afiat, Makassar. Status Demografi dan pengkajian luka didapatkan melalui wawancara langsung kepada pasien dan keluarga serta menilai luka menggunakan format Asuhan Keperawatan Luka dari Klinik Griya Afiat.Hasil : Pada minggu pertama perawatan, Keadaan luka memiliki banyak undermining. Berdasarkan struktur lapisan kulit, luka berada pada full thickness. Penampilan klinis lain ditemukan adanya slough/infeksi, disertai odor, kulit sekitar luka mengalami maserasi, serta edema. Teknik debridemen yang digunakan yaitu Conservatif Sharp Wound Debridement (CSWD) dan autolysis. Dressing yang digunakan pada perawatan luka yaitu hidrofobik dan salep zink sebagai dressing primer, kasa steril dan diaper sebagai balutan sekunder, serta kasa gulung sebagai balutan tersier. Untuk perawatan periwound digunkan salep zink. Terjadi perubahan ukuran yang berbeda-beda pada tiap luka dan meningkatnya proses granulasi dan epitelisasi tiap minggu perawatan hingga minggu kelima perawatan, keadaan luka mulai mengalami peningkatan epitelisasi dan mengalami perubahan ukuran luka terutama pada undermining, presentasi slough menurun, tanda infeksi lokal mulai berkurang.Kesimpulan : Selama proses perawatan luka selama 5 minggu, Proses penyembuhan luka mengalami progress yang baik. Pada minggu pertama dan kedua mengalami fase inflamasi, pada minggu ketiga hingga kelima mengalami proses poliferasi. waktu proses penyembuhan luka berjalan lambat, terjadi perubahan ukuran dan kedalaman yang berbeda-beda pada beberapa luka di setiap minggu perawatan, luka tidak berpotensi amputasi dengan tidak terdapatnya luka nekrotik selama 5 minggu perawatan, tanda-tanda infeksi lokal pada luka semakin berkurang di setiap minggu perawatan, terdapat edema pada kaki kiri yang mengalami luka diabetik serta kaki kanan sehingga diperlukan pemeriksaan lebih lanjut untuk mengatasi faktor lain yang menghambat proses penyembuhan.Keywords : Diabetes Milletus, Luka Kaki Diabetes, Post Autoamputasi.

Body Mass Index and Dysmenorrhea in Female Teenagers

Dysmenorrhea is a problem experienced by more than 50% of women in each country. Pain occurs in the lower abdomen, sometimes accompanied by nausea, vomiting, dizziness and mood changes. This condition causes an increase in absenteeism in school, disruption in learning activities that affects achievements in academic and nonacademic fields. One factor that is often associated with the incidence of dysmenorrhea is an abnormal body mass index (overweight and underweight). This study aims to determine the relationship of body mass index with the degree of pain menstruation (dysmenorrhea) in young women in SMA Negeri 21 Makassar. This research is a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 110 respondents based on the purposive sampling method and carried out in February-March 2019. The data taken is primary data through measurements of body mass index based on body weight and height. After that, a normal, overweight and underweight grouping is done. Measurement of menstrual pain level is done using Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Data analysis was performed using Chi square test and the value of p = 0.00 was obtained. From this results, significant conclusions can be drawn because the value of p < 0.05 indicates that there is a significant relationship between body mass index and degree of menstrual pain (dysmenorrhoea) in young women in SMA Negeri 21 Makassar. Keywords: Dysmenorrhea, Body Mass Index, Adolescent

A Comparison of Hot Pack and Stretching Exercises on Primary Dysmenorrhea in Adolescent Girls

Introduction: Dysmenorrhea or menstrual cramps is a pain (usually in the pelvis, lower back or abdomen) during menstruation. The pain usually begins several days before or during menstrual bleeding starts. It is often mild but in some cases, the symptoms may be more painful and cause discomfort. Dysmenorrhea is divided into two categories including primary (not associated with pelvic pathology) and secondary (resulting from underlying diseases) dysmenorrhea. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of hot pack and stretching exercises on pain in adolescent girls with primary dysmenorrhea. Method: This was an experimental research with two group pre-test and post-test design. Twenty girls of students in Class X who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were assigned in two groups: hot pack (n=10) and stretching exercise groups (n=10). The menstrual pain was measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) before and after six times interventions. The pain score changes in each group were analysed using paired sample test while the comparison means for hot pack and stretching groups were assessed using independent samples t-test. Result: The results revealed that the intensity of the pain in both hot pack and stretching exercises group were declined (p <.05). After conducting independent sample t-test, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference between the level of pain for the hot pack and stretching group (p = 0,001). Conclusion: Hot pack is more effective in reducing dysmenorrhea (menstrual pain) compare to stretching exercises.

MABBAKKANG TRADITION AND ITS’ EFFECTS ON HEALTH OF VILLAGERS OF BACU BACU PUJANANTING BARRU: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

Introduction: Indonesia is an archipelago country that has a diversity of race, culture and customs. Not infrequently customs that are believed by some to be not only a positive impact, but sometimes have a negative impact, especially in health problems.To identify Mabbakkang indigenous phenomenon and its effect on the health of the communities in the District Bacu-Bacu, Pujananting Barru. Method: Type of studi isQualitative research (phenomenology) was performed on 9 participants who have experience in custom undergo Mabbakkang through interview techniques in-depth interviews and data were analyzed by thematic analysis the technique developed by Colaizzi. Result: This study resulted in 7 themes on a custom implementation Mabbakkang ie execution time, the implementation, a series of execution, people involved, dietary restrictions, reason, and the consequences of breaking taboos. Conclusions: This study shows that a custom implementation Mabbakkang is one tradition that is held each year as a condition for the perfection of a child-Bacu-Bacu village communities and give effect on the health of the communities in the District Bacu Bacu-Pujananting Barru if breaking taboos.

SOCIAL INTERACTION OF STUDENTS BASED ON SMARTPHONE ADDICTION LEVEL IN PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOL 21 OF MAKASSAR

Introduction: Smartphone is currently a tool for communications that is widely used by all people, especially among high school students. Excessive use of smartphone can lead to smartphone addiction. Someone who has a smartphone addiction have anti-social behavior towards his environment. This study aimed to describe of social interaction on the male and female students who have a smartphone addiction in SMA Negeri 21 Makassar. Method: This study design used is quantitative with descriptive survey. Selection of sample using cluster random sampling, total 95 respondent. Primary data obtained through questionnaires. Result: Based on the results of a study of 95 respondents, shows that respondents who experienced low-level smartphone addiction 19 people (28.8%) had a high social interaction, similar with respondents who experienced medium-level of smartphone addiction 43 people (65.2%) and high-level 4 people (6.1%) had a high social interaction. Conclusions: The study concluded that all levels of smartphone addiction has a high social interaction, not all respondents who use smartphones tend to be indifferent to his surroundings. They remain more comfortable communicating directly with the people closest. This research is expected can provide benefits that can be used as information specifically for students of SMAN 21 Makassar, and can improve socialization skills in the environment so that it can improve social interaction began to crushed